Forest Fire Detection Using GSM Module

Allanki Sanyasi Rao1, N Anusha2, Syed Nehal3, K Maheshwara Chary4, D Sharan Kumar5
1
Associate Professor, 2 ,3, 4, 5 UG Student, Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering,
Christu Jyothi Institute of Technology & Science, Jangaon, Telangana, India

Abstract
Forest Fire Detection System focuses on developing a system that ensures the safety of the
forest by sending an SMS alert to the forest officials for rescue as soon as a fire is detected. It aims
to develop a system for early detection of forest fires using GSM technology and the ThingSpeak
cloud platform. The system will consist of a network of sensors deployed in forested areas to
monitor temperature, humidity, and smoke levels. When abnormal readings are detected, the sensors
will send real-time alerts to a central server via GSM communication. The server will analyze the
data and trigger appropriate responses, such as notifying authorities or activating firefighting
equipment. By leveraging the power of cloud computing and wireless communication, this system
offers a cost-effective and efficient solution for mitigating the devastating effects of forest fires.
Overall, the "Forest Fire Detection Using GSM and ThingSpeak Cloud" project offers an
innovative solution that harnesses modern technologies to address the critical issue of forest fires
and enhance forest fire management practices.

I. Introduction
Forest fires pose a significant threat to ecosystems, wildlife, and human lives worldwide.
Early detection of forest fires is crucial for timely intervention and effective containment of these
disasters[4]. Traditional methods of monitoring forest fires rely on manual observation or satellite
imagery, which can be costly and time-consuming. To address this challenge, this project proposes a
system for early detection of forest fires using GSM technology and the ThingSpeak cloud platform.
[1] In response to this challenge, this study presents a novel approach to forest fire detection
utilizing the Arduino Nano microcontroller platform in conjunction with various components
including a power supply, buzzer, relay, pump motor, fire sensor, NodeMCU, GSM900A module,
flame sensor, and LCD display. This integrated system aims to provide an autonomous and efficient
means of detecting forest fires in real-time, enabling prompt response and intervention to mitigate
the spread of fire and minimize damage.
The Arduino Nano serves as the central control unit, facilitating the communication and
interaction between different components of the system. [3]The fire sensor continuously monitors

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the environmental conditions for any signs of fire, while the flame sensor detects the presence of
flames, providing an additional layer of detection and accuracy. Upon detection, the system Triggers
an alarm through the er to alert nearby individuals and activates the relay to control the pump
motor for fire suppression.
Furthermore, the integration of NodeMCU and GSM900A module enables the system to
transmit data to a centralized server or cloud platform in real-time, facilitating remote monitoring
and control. This connectivity enhances the system's effectiveness by providing authorities with
timely information for decision-making and intervention strategies. Additionally, the inclusion of an
LCD display provides local feedback on the system's status and detected threats, allowing for easy
monitoring and maintenance.

II. Literature Survey

M. Trinath basu, Ragipati Karthik, J.Mahitha, V.Lokesh Reddy [1], It has been found in a survey that
80% losses caused due to fire would have been kept away from the fire was identified promptly
Node Mcu based IoT empowered fire indicator and observing framework is the answer for this
issue.

N. Junguo Zhang, Wenbin Li, Zhongxing Yin, Shengbo Liu, [2], A cluster-based wireless sensor
network paradigmfor forest fire real-time detection w as put forward in this paper. Some key
question were discussed emphatically, such as the adhoc network related technology, node hardware
designing, the forest-fire forecasting model and the propagation characteristic of UHF wireless signal
and so on.

T.Sasikumar, P.Ramya [3], in their research they developed an Arduino platform based IOT fire
detector and monitoring system is the solution to this problem. In this project we have built fire
detector using Arduino UNO which is interface with a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor and a
buzzer.

Ranjith E, Padmabalaji D, Sibisubramanian S, Ms.S Radhika [4], their reasearch uncontrolled blaze
occurred by weather, wind, and dry underbrush, can burn acres of land and consume everything in
their paths which cause significant damage to natural and human resource. The objective of this
work is to design IoT based system that can detect the fire as early as possible before the fire spread
over the large area and to prevent poaching.

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III. Existing System
Forest fire detection systems currently employ various technologies such as satellite
imagery, ground-based sensors, cameras, and IoT devices to monitor forested areas. These systems
use a combination of sensors to detect changes in temperature, humidity, smoke, and vegetation
health, with data typically transmitted to a central monitoring station for analysis.Alerts are then
issued to relevant authorities for response and mitigation.

IV. Proposed System

Forest fire detection systems incorporating GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communications) modules leverage cellular networks to transmit data from remote areas to a central
monitoring station. These systems typically integrate temperature, humidity, and smoke sensors
along with a GSM module for data transmission.

When sensors detect abnormal conditions indicative of a fire, the GSM module sends alerts via
SMS or data packets to designated recipients, enabling timely response and mitigation efforts.

Figure 1: Block Diagram of the Proposed System

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V. Hardware Used
Arduino Nano is used as the microcontroller to handle data processing and control
functions for the forest fire detection system.
An LCD is employed for local display, providing real-time feedback and status updates
on the detection process.
The NodeMCU ESP8266 serves as a communication bridge, facilitating data transmission
between the Arduino Nano and the internet.
GSM 900A module is integrated for remote monitoring and alerting capabilities, enabling
the system to send notifications via SMS in case of fire detection
A Buzzer is incorporated to provide audible alerts in addition to SMS notifications,
enhancing the effectiveness of the warning system.
Fire and Flame sSensors are employed for detecting the presence of fire or flames in the
forest environment.
A DC Pump Motor is utilized for initiating firefighting measures, such as spraying water
to suppress the fire upon detection.
A 5V Relay is used to control the operation of the DC pump motor, enabling the Arduino
Nano to activate and deactivate the pump as needed.
VI. Software Used

Arduino IDE: The Integrated Development Environment (IDE) used for programming Arduino
boards. It provides a user-friendly interface for writing, compiling, and uploading code to the
Arduino platform.
ThinkSpeak: An Internet of Things (IoT) platform that allows users to collect, analyze, and
visualize data from sensors or other devices. It provides APIs for connecting IoT devices to the
cloud, enabling real-time data monitoring and analysis.
VII. Results and Discussions

Figure 2: Forest Fire Detection Using GSM Module Kit

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 Figure 3: Working mechanism of the Module

(i) when we switch ON the kit it shows the “welcome” message.

(ii) when there is no fire detects it shows the "no fire" message on the LCD Screen

(iii) when the fire detects through the GSM it sends alert notification to the forest officials for the
rescue as the fire detects it will aslo shows in which direction the fire detects .

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 Figure 4 : Final Output in Inbox and Thinkspeak Cloud Platform

VIII. Conclusion

In summary, forest fire detection systems integrating GSM modules offer real-time alerts, remote
monitoring, and scalable solutions for early detection and rapid response. Their adaptability to climate
change, regulatory compliance, and economic benefits underscore their critical role in mitigating
wildfire risks and enhancing community resilience. As wildfires continue to pose significant
challenges, the continuous improvement and deployment of GSM-based systems are vital for effective
wildfire management and environmental conservation.

REFERENCES

[1] Ahmad A. A. Alkhatib,“A Review on Forest FireDetection Techniques”, International Journal

of Distributed Sensor Networks, March 2013.
[2] Mohamed Hefeeda and Majid Bagheri, “Wireless Sensor Networks for Early Detection of
Forest Fires”, 2007 IEEE.
[3] https://components101.com/microcontrollers/arduinouno
[4] http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm35.pdf
[5] https://www.pololu.com/file/0J311/MQ4.pdf
[6] AntonioMolina-Pico, David Cuesta-Frau, Alvaro Araujo, Javier Alejandre, and Alba Rozas,

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“Forest Monitoring and Wildland Early Fire Detection by a Hierarchical Wireless Sensor
Network”, Journal of Sensors, Volume 2016.
[7] Muheden, Karwan, Ebubekir Erdem, and Sercan Vançin. "Design and implementation ofthe
mobile fire alarm system using wireless sensor networks." 2016 IEEE 17th International
Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI). IEEE, 2016.
[8] Jaime Lloret , Miguel Garcia,Diana Bri and Sandra Sendra, “ A Wireless Sensor Network
Deployment for Rural and Forest Fire Detection and Verification”, Sensors 2009.
[9] Junguo ZHANG, Wenbin LI, Ning HAN, Jiangming KAN, “Forest fire detection system based
on a ZigBee wireless sensor Network”, Front. For China 2008.

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