CLASS FORMATION OF ELEMENTS FOUND IN THE UNIVERSE “Star Life Cycle” Arrange the stars according to its order. · Protostar · Red Giant · Giant Gas Cloud · T-Tauri Phase · Main Sequence · The Fusion of Heavier Elements · Supernovae and Planetary Nebulae What are the classification of Celestial Bodies? Match the Term! Match the word in column A and column B. A. B. 1. Galaxy a. Sun 2. Solar System b. Milky Way 3. Celestial c. Venus 4. Planets d. Shooting Star 5. Meteorites e. Stars 1. What strategy did you used to identify and connect the words? 2. How these terms contributes the formation of the of Elements in the Universe? Elements and the Big Bang Theory
During the formation of the universe some 14 billion years
ago in the so-called ‘Big Bang’, only the lightest elements were formed – hydrogen and helium along with trace amounts of lithium and beryllium As the cloud of cosmic dust and gases from the Big Bang cooled, stars formed, and these then grouped together to form galaxies. Moments after the Big Bang, energy begins to condense into matter, protons and neutrons are formed, and then the first element (hydrogen) is formed. Hundreds of millions of years later in stellar nebulae, the hydrogen gas clouds coalesce and, under gravity, form protostars. Nuclear fusion processes begin converting Stellar Nebula hydrogen into helium. An average or medium star is less than 3 times the mass of the Sun. Stars are powered by nuclear fusion in their cores, mostly converting hydrogen into helium and liberating Average Star tremendous amounts of energy. Massive stars, more than 3 times the mass of the Sun, mostly convert hydrogen into helium. Rigel is the brightest star in the constellation called Orion and one of the brightest stars in the sky. It is a blue (very hot) supergiant, over 100 times bigger than Massive Star the Sun. As medium sized stars exhaust their hydrogen content, they expand up to 100 times their original size to become red giants. The nuclear fusion reactions occurring within a red giant are H→ He and He→ C. Our Sun will follow this path over the next 5 billion years. This red giant is Aldebaran in the constellation Red Giant Taurus. Super giants are the element factories of our universe. The nuclear fusion reactions occurring are H→ He, He→ C, C→ Ne, Ne→ O, O→ Si and Si→ Fe. Betelgeuse in the constellation Orion is a super red giant. It is about 20 times as massive as the Sun. Super Red Giant A planetary nebula is a huge shell of gas and dust ejected during the last stage (red giant) of the life of a medium star. Elements such as helium, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, neon and smaller amounts of heavier elements are present. Planetary nebulae play an important part in the chemical evolution of the galaxy, allowing Planetary Nebula these elements to be returned to the interstellar medium. The supernova is the final stage in the life of massive stars. The outer region of the star collapses and it Instantly rebounds off the inner core in a cataclysmic explosion. The extremely high level of energy allows further fusion Supernova reactions to occur, producing heavy elements like gold, silver and uranium. During a supernova, the star releases very large amounts of energy as well as neutrons, which allows elements heavier than iron, such as uranium and gold, to be produced. In the supernova explosion, all of these elements are expelled out into space. A white dwarf is a small, very dense, hot star that is made mostly of carbon. These faint stars are what remain after a red giant star loses its outer layers. They are about the size of the Earth and will eventually lose their heat to become White Dwarf a cold, dark black dwarf. The sun will eventually turn into a white dwarf and then a black dwarf. Stars with a mass between 1.5 and 3 times the mass of the sun will end up as neutron stars. A neutron star is a very small, super-dense star that is composed mostly of tightly packed neutrons. A rapidly spinning neutron Neutron Star star is known as a pulsar. Black holes are all that remain after stars with masses over 3 times that of the sun supernova. A black hole is a massive object (or region) in space that is so dense that, within a certain radius (the Schwarzschild radius determines the event horizon), its gravitational field does Black Hole not let anything escape from it – not even light. Direction: Place the images in the correct order from the birth of a star to its death. Briefly describe what stage in the life cycle of a star is represented in each image. Story of My Life.
Make a story of your life, form the beginning until
present time. Direction: Give the names of the stars during the formation of its elements and give at least 1 characteristics.
