MODULE 3 and functions, providing funds therefore and for

other purposes.
TRAFFIC LAWS, RULES AND REGULATION AND OTHER g) R.A. 8794. An Act imposing a motor vehicle
RELATED STATUTES user’s charge on owners of all types of motor
vehicles and for other purposes. It also imposes
OVERVIEW: penalties on overloaded motor vehicles.
This module presents the various traffic laws, rules h) R.A. 10054. An Act mandating all motorcycle
and regulations and other statutes governing traffic. It is riders to wear standard protective motorcycle
imperative for the learners to know the pertinent laws relative to helmets while driving and providing penalties
the work of a traffic law enforcer. Further this chapter therefor. It is also known as “Motorcycle Helmet
comprehensively discusses the general rule of road use and Act of 2009.”
conduct and the general traffic prohibitions and restrictions This i) R.A. 10586. An Act that penalizes persons driving
chapter is divided into: under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs,
and similar substances, and for other purposes. It
Lesson 1. Traffic Laws, Rules, and Regulations. also repealed the mandatory drug testing of
Lesson 2. Important Provisions of R.A. 4136. driver’s license applicants. This Act is Known as
Lesson 3. Registration of Motor Vehicles. the “Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013.”
Lesson 4. Provisions on Driver’s Licenses. j) R.A. 10666. The law providing the safety of
Lesson 5. Basic General Rules of Road Use and Conduct. children riding on motorcycles particularly
boarding two-wheeled vehicles running faster
than 60 kph on public road. It is also known as the
“Children’s Safety on Motorcycles Act of 2015.”
LESSON 1: TRAFFIC LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS k) R.A. 10913. An Act defining and penalizing
distracted driving. This Act is known as the “Anti-
The standards of regulating movements on roads, Distracted Driving Act of 2016.”
streets and highways are found in traffic laws, rules and l) R.A. 10916. An Act requiring the mandatory
regulations. installation of speed limiter in public utility and
certain types of motor vehicles. This law is known
In the Philippines, the mass of traffic laws, rules and as the “Road Speed Limiter Act of 2016.”
regulations have their source in laws, Presidential Decrees, m) R.A. 10930. An Act rationalizing and
Executive Orders, Letter of Instructions, Administrative Orders strengthening the policy regarding driver’s license
and Implementing memoranda and other Special Laws relative by extending the validity period of drivers’
to traffic operation and traffic law enforcement. As a traffic licenses, and penalizing acts in violation of its
enforcer, it is essential that you should be familiar with these issuance and application amending for those
rules and regulations. purposes section 23 of Republic Act No. 4136, as
amended by Batas Pambansa Bldg. 398 and
In addition, traffic signs, pavement markings, and Executive Order No. 1011, otherwise known as
other control devices are traffic law themselves. Violations of the land transportation and traffic code.
such constitute misdemeanor or infraction in the country.
2. Presidential Decrees (P.D.s)
a) P.D. 96. Regulating the use of sirens, bells, horns,
etc., by prohibiting the attachment of any siren,
horn bell, etc. on motor vehicles which produce
A. Sources. unusual or startling sounds as well as blinkers
and other similar devices unless the vehicle
The following are the basis for the traffic regulations belongs to the AFP, NBI, LTO, PNP, BJMP,
and prohibitions in the country. Hospitals and Fire Departments and are specially
1. Republic Acts (R.A.s) intended for use in emergencies.
b) P.D. 101. Expediting the methods of prescribing,
a) R.A. 4136 (June 20, 1964). This is the basic law redefining, or modifying the lines and modes of
regulating land transportation in the Philippines. It operations of public utility motor vehicles in the
has repealed Act No. 3992 (The Revised Motor Philippines.
Vehicle Law). c) P.D. 207. Declaring as part of the Laws of the
b) R.A. No. 6539. The Anti-Carnapping Act of 1972. Philippines the Vienna Convention on Road
The Act preventing and penalizing Carnapping Traffic, Signs and Signals.
amended by RA 10883 -AN ACT PROVIDING d) P.D. 612. Requiring compulsory insurance for all
FOR A NEW ANTI-CARNAPPING LAW OF THE types of motor vehicles against third party liability
PHILIPPINES of 2016. as an additional pre-requisite for registration by
c) R.A. No. 5448. An Act imposing a tax on privately the LTO.
owned passenger automobiles, motorcycles and e) P.D. 1686. Imposing a tax on every motor vehicle
scooters, and a science stamp tax, to constitute a equipped with air conditioner.
special science fund defining the programs, f) P.D. 1181. Providing for the abatement of air
projects and activities of science agencies to be pollution from motor vehicles and for other
financed therefrom and for other purposes. purposes.
d) R.A. 8749. Also known as the “Clean Air Act” g) P.D. 1605. Granting the Metropolitan Manila
which regulates emission of toxic gases of both Commission certain powers related to traffic
gasoline and diesel engines and bans the use of management and control in Metropolitan manila
leaded gas for gasoline engines. providing penalties, and for other purposes.
e) R.A. 8750. It provides for the attachment of h) P.D. 98. Regulating the issuance of license plates
seatbelts for all types of motor vehicles and of all motor vehicles.
imposes penalty for the non-compliance thereof. i) P.D. 109. Modifying P.D. 98.
f) R.A. 7924. An Act creating the Metropolitan j) P.D. 1729. Authorizing the Bureau of Land
Manila Development Authority, defining its powers Transportation to dispose of impounded motor
vehicles unclaimed by owners for a certain period.
 k) P.D. 1730. Declaring the syndicated printing, are not to be apprehended and stopped on roads
manufacture, distribution, possession or use of and highways except only in cases of serious
fake official Bureau of Land Transportation forms, violations.
documents, plates, and stickers as offenses b) LTC Memorandum Circular No. 33, dated 12
involving economic sabotage. September 1972. Providing guidelines in the
apprehension of illegally parked motor vehicles.
3. Letters of Instruction (L.O.I.s) c) LTC Circular No. 15, dated 19 January 1972.
a) L.O.I No. 43. Providing for the removal of Regulating and laying instruction in the use of
impediments on roads, streets, and highways Special Commemorative Motor Vehicle Plates.
such as constructions, stalled or parked vehicles d) M.C. 94-199. Aide-memoir regarding retention
and other movable property that obstruct free and authority by LTO to register motorized
passage. This LOI abrogated city or municipal tricycles under R.A. 4136, and guidelines to
ordinances governing the disposition of traffic on implement devolution of LTFRB’s Franchising
duty and municipal streets throughout the country. Authority over TC’s per R.A. 7160 issued by
b) L.O.I. No. 112. Prohibiting freight and cargo DOTC.
trucks from using roads, highways and bridges e) M.C. 94-188. Issuance of driver’s license to
whose load capacities are more than specific disabled persons.
allowable limits. f) M.C. 92-146. Re-implementation of LOI 229, as
c) L.O.I. No. 229. Requiring all motor vehicle amended by LOI 479 directing the installation of
owners, users, or drivers to always have in their early warning devices of motor vehicles.
possession while driving at least one (1) pair of g) M.C. 94-192. Diesel smoke emission test for
early warning device (EWD) for use when the motor vehicles.
vehicle is disabled on roads, streets and highways h) M.C. 90-020. Directing all public land
or other emergencies compelling vehicle to be on transportation service operators and drivers to
stop position. display in any conspicuous place their vehicles
d) L.O.I. No. 716. Every motor vehicle to equip at the authorized fare matrix for the specific route
least a pair of early warning device. granted them to avoid conflict.
e) L.O.I. No. 551. Directing the law enforcement i) M.C. 93-011. Enjoining all public utility operators
agencies to implement the Pollution Control to use garage instead of public places or side
Program. streets in parking their vehicles.
f) L.O.I. No. 853. Calling for the National Tripartite j) M.C. 94-002. Sanctions on operators arising from
Conference to consider the establishment of the violations of their drivers.
viable labor-management relations based upon k) M.C. 94-209. Clarificatory guidelines for the
the “boundary” system in land transportation. registration/operation of new private vehicles
g) L.O.I. No. 1009. All owners of private motor particularly in the use of conduction sticker.
vehicles who desire to stop operating or using
their number plates and registration certificates to 7. Executive Orders (E.O.s)
surrender to BLT. a) E.O. 125. Reorganizing the DOTC, defining its
h) L.O.I. No. 1071. Owners and/or operators of power and functions and for other purposes.
motor vehicles are authorized to pay the annual b) E.O.266. Providing for two service units in the
premiums for the insurance of their motor annual Office of the Asst. Sec. for Land Transportation in
premiums for the insurance of their motor vehicles the DOTC (Law Enforcement Service-LES and
on quarterly basis. Traffic Adjudication Service-TAS), defining the
powers and functions thereof and for other
4. Department Orders (D.O.s) purposes.
a) DOTC D.O 88-305. Rules of pleadings, practice c) E.O. 202. Creating the Land Transportation
and procedure for appeals on franchising, fare Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB).
rates charges and other related matters pertinent d) E.O. 248. Empowering the Land Transportation
to Land Transportation Public Utilities. Commission to control and supervise the
b) D.O. 93-693. Revised Schedule of Administrative operations of motor vehicle driving schools.
Fees and charges of the Land Transportation
Office. 8. Other Special Laws, Statutes, etc.
a) Batas Pambansa Blg. 344 (B.P. 344). Act to
5. Administrative and Special Orders enhance the mobility of disabled persons by
a) Administrative Order No. VIII, S-1968, LTC. requiring certain buildings, institutions,
Requiring the towing and impounding of stalled establishments and public utilities to install
motor vehicles on public highways and the facilities and other devices.
imposition of corresponding fees thereof. “Sec. 1, Par. 2. In the case of the parking
b) Administrative Order No. 1, S-1973, LTC. place of any of the above institutions, buildings, or
Prescribing guidelines and procedures in the establishments, or public utilities, the owner or
implementation of PD N0. 96 operator shall reserve sufficient and suitable
c) Administrative Order No. 1, S-1975, LTC. space for the use of disabled persons.”
Laying down specific rules of action in the “Sec. 2. In case of public conveyance,
imposition of uniform fines and penalties for devices such as the prominent display of posters,
violation of the provisions of R.A. No. 4136. stickers shall be used to generate public
d) Special Order No. 101-IRM, LTC. Enumerating awareness of the rights of the disabled and
and identifying various city streets where parking posters understanding of their special needs.
is prohibited. Discriminating against disabled persons in the
carriage or transportation of passengers is hereby
6. Memorandum circulars declared unlawful.”
a) LTC Memorandum to All Patrol Officers, b) Memorandum Unnumbered dated July 13,
Deputies and Agents did 09 August 1975. 1992. Early Warning Device (EWD) not a
Directing the motor vehicles whose loads are rice, requirement for registration.
cereals, fertilizers, and other prime commodities
 c) SC Bars Lawmen from Removing Car Plates 8. Garage. Any building in which two or more motor
(187 SCRA 432). vehicles, either with or without drivers, are kept ready
for hire to the public, but shall not include street
stands, public service stations, or other public places
designated by proper authority as parking spaces for
LESSON 2: IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF R.A 4136 motor vehicles for hire while awaiting or soliciting
business.
In the Philippines, Traffic Law Enforcement is 9. Gross weight. The measured weight of a motor
governed by R.A. 4136. All other ordinances by local vehicle plus the maximum allowable carrying capacity
government units are based on this law or act and/or these in merchandise, freight and/or passengers, as
ordinances should not contradict any provisions of said law/act. determined by the Commissioner of the LTO.
For comprehensive reading and understanding, please see the 10. Highways. Every public thoroughfare, public
appended R.A. 4136 boulevard, driveway, avenue, park, alley and Callejon,
but shall not include roadway upon grounds owned by
A. Words and Phrases Used in R.A. 4136. As used in this private persons, colleges, universities, or other similar
Act, the following words and phrases are defined for better and institutions.
common understanding: 11. Parking or parked. Shall mean that a motor vehicle is
parked or parking if it has been brought to a stop on
1. Motor Vehicle. Shall mean any vehicle propelled by the shoulder or proper edge of a highway and remains
any power other than muscular power using the public inactive in that place or close thereto for an
highways, but excepting road rollers, trolley cars, appreciable period.
street-sweepers, sprinklers, lawn mowers, bulldozers, A motor vehicle which properly stops merely
graders, fork-lifts, amphibian trucks, and cranes if not to discharge a passenger or to take in a waiting
used in public highways, vehicles which run only on passenger, or to load or unload a small quantity of
rails or tracks, and tractors, trailers and traction freight with reasonable dispatch shall not be
engines of all kinds used exclusively for agricultural considered as parked, if the motor vehicle again
purposes. moves away without delay.
Trailers having any number of wheels, when 12. Tourist. A foreigner who travels from one place to
propelled or intended to be propelled by attachment to place for pleasure or culture.
a motor vehicle shall be classified as separate motor
vehicle with no power rating. B. Selected Provisions of R.A. 4136.
2. Passenger Automobiles. Shall mean all pneumatic The following provisions of R.A. 4136 are the most
tire vehicles of types like those usually known under common rules and regulations violated by road users.
the following terms: touring car, command car,
speedster, sports car, roadster, jeep, cycle car (except 1. Exceeding registered capacity (overloading).
motor wheel and similar small outfits which are Passengers, freight, or cargo load of a motor vehicle
classified with motorcycles), coupe, landaulet, closed should not be more than its registered carrying
car, limousine, cabriolet, and sedan. capacity. Conductors of public utility trucks or buses
The distinction between “passenger truck” are held liable for the overloading of vehicles under
and “passenger automobile” shall be that of common their charge.
usage: Provided that a motor vehicle registered for All passenger automobiles for hire are required to
more than nine (9) passengers shall be classified as have the registered passenger capacity marked plainly
“trucks”. Provided further, that a truck with seating and conspicuously on the sides thereof in letters and
compartment at the back not used for hire shall be numerals not less than 5 cms. in height. Motor trucks
registered under special “S” classification. In case of for passenger or freight, private of for hire, shall have
dispute, the Commissioner of LTO shall determine the the registered passenger or freight gross and net
classification to which any special type of motor weight capacities marked plainly and conspicuously on
vehicle belongs. the sides thereof in letters and numerals not less than
3. Articulated Vehicle. Shall mean any motor vehicle 5 cms in height (Sec. 33)
with a trailer having no front axle and so attached that 2. Cargo carrying devices. The construction of devices
part of the trailer rests upon the motor vehicle and a for carrying cargo at the rear or sides of trucks may be
substantial part of the weight of the trailer and of its allowed, subject to the approval of the Commissioner,
load is borne by the motor vehicle. Such trailer shall but the total net weight of the device, including cargo,
be called as “semi-trailer”. must not exceed 100kls (Sec. 32, a)
4. Driver. Shall mean every and any licensed operator of 3. Riding on Running Board. It is strictly prohibited,
a motor vehicle. except for conductors collecting passenger fare (Sec.
5. Professional driver. Every and any driver hired for 32, c)
driving or operating a motor vehicle, whether for 4. Riding on Top of the Motor Vehicle. Passengers
private use or for hire to the public. Any driver driving shall not be allowed to ride on top of motor vehicles,
his own motor vehicle for hire is a professional driver. but baggage or freight may be carried on top of the
6. Owner. The actual legal owner of a motor vehicle, in truck, provided that the weight thereof is not more than
whose name such vehicle is duly registered with the 20 kilos per square meter distributed in such a way as
LTO. not to endanger passengers or the vehicle’s stability
The owner of a government-owned motor (Sec. 32, b)
vehicle is the head of the office or the chief of the 5. Required Motor Vehicle Accessories. Every motor
Bureau to which the said motor vehicle belongs. vehicle when operated on a traffic way should have
7. Dealer. Every person, association, partnership, the following specified accessories (see Art. IV, Sec.
corporation making, manufacturing, constructing, 34, par a-I of RA 4136 as appended for the
assembling, remodeling, or setting up motor vehicles; specifications of these accessories);
and every such entity acting as agent for the sale of a. Tires of MVs
one or more makes, styles, or kinds of motor vehicles, b. Brakes
dealing in motor vehicles, keeping the same in stock c. Horns
or selling same or handling with a view to trading the d. Headlights
same. e. Taillights
 f. Stop lights. 3. Government. These are motor vehicles owned by
g. Motorcycle and other vehicle lights government offices and are used for official purposes
h. Lights when parked or disabled. only.
i. Windshield wiper 4. Diplomat. These are issued to foreign diplomats and
j. Use of red flag consuls assigned in the Philippines.
k. Mufflers
6. Hitching on to a Vehicle. The following practices are B. Plate Numbers.
prohibited: Upon registration, motor vehicles are assigned with plate
a. Hanging on to or riding on the outside or rear end numbers. The letter and numeral prefixes as well as the
of any vehicle. assigned colors are based on the date and place of
b. Holding on to any moving vehicle whether on registrations and purpose of the registered motor vehicle.
foot or otherwise.
c. Driver allowing any person to hang on to or 1. Private or not for hire MVs – Green with white
ride outside of or the rear end of the vehicle (Sec. background, on newer vehicles, the first letter usually
51). indicates the region where the vehicle is registered.
7. Driving while under the influence of liquor or other For example, beginning with “N”, the vehicle is
prohibited drugs (Sec. 53) registered in the National Capital Region (NCR). For
8. Obstruction of traffic. Obstruction of traffic by the new series (2014 to present), black symbols on
operating a motor vehicle in such a manner as to white background with holograms and bar codes.
obstruct, block, or impede the passage of another
vehicle is prohibited. This prohibition applies even 2. Public Utility Vehicles or for-hire MVs – Black with
when discharging or loading passengers (Sec. 54) yellow background usually begin with either the letter
9. Duties od driver in case of accident. If any accident “N” or “P” or “T” or “U” in NCR. Since 1995, they
should occur as a result of the operation of a motor always have either “V” “W” “X” or “Y” in the middle of
vehicle upon a highway, the driver shall observe the the letter block. Older license plates starting with “N”
following: and “P” may have other letters in the middle of the
a. Stop immediately. block, although the “V” “W” “X” “Y” letters are also
b. Show his driver’s license to inspecting traffic law present (from late 70s NVA-101 to early 1995 NYZ-
enforcer. 999). For the new series (2014 to present), black
c. Give his true name and address, including that of symbols on yellow background with holograms and
the owner of the vehicle. bar codes.
d. Assist injured persons.
e. Take measures to protect belongings of 3. Government MVs – Red (maroon) with white
passengers. background – usually starts with letter “S.” For the new
f. Report the accident (Sec. 55) series (2014 to present), red symbols on white
10. When could a driver leave the area of accident background with holograms and bar codes and the
without being held for Hit-and-Run? agency/office indicated.
a. His life is in imminent danger of being harmed
by other person/s by reason of the accident. 4. Diplomatic or other exempted MVs – Blue
b. He surrenders to proper authority. characters on a white background plate reserved for
c. He summons the assistance of a physician or diplomats, embassy and consulate officials, country
nurse to aid the victim. ambassadors and some expatriates such as scientists
and researchers at the International Rice Research
Institute (IRRI), in the form of five or six digits. For the
new series (2014 to present), blue symbols on white
LESSON 3: REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES background with holograms and bar codes.
a. Ambassadors’ plates are always “1000” and
Concept have the country they represent at the bottom of
the plate. These plates have a small decal on the
R.A. 4136, mandates that all motor vehicles shall be bottom left part with a “CM.”
registered by its owner before the designated District Offices of b. 1001-9999; a small decal on the bottom left part
the Land Transportation Office. Law enforcement officers displayed as “DC” for “diplomatic corps.”
should keep themselves abreast with the proper procedures of 10000-25999; embassy vehicles – a small decal
registering motor vehicles for them to easily identify on the bottom left part displayed as “OEV” for
unregistered motor vehicles or motor vehicles having expired “other exempted vehicle”. For the new series
registrations. symbols on a light blue background with
holograms and bar codes.
On the other hand, motor vehicle owners as well as 5. Trailers – these have yellow or green plates that
drivers should be aware of the provisions on motor vehicle mostly have either “U” (private) or “Z” (for hire) in the
registration to avoid unnecessary delays and penalties middle of the letter block.
whenever registration- related apprehensions occur. Again, for 6. Electric Vehicles – orange plates are used (white
complete symbols on orange background).
information, see the appended R.A. 4136. 7. Motorcycles – private motorcycles have green
characters on a white background with the letters “MC”
stamped on the upper left-hand corner next to the
A. Classification of Registered Motor Vehicles registration sticker. Usually in the format AA 1111, but
with the rise in the number of motorcycles on the road,
1. Private (not for hire). These are motor vehicles used the 1111 AA format has also come into use.
for the personal use of their owners. 8. Tricycles – private has green characters on a white
2. Public Utility Vehicles (PUV a.k.a. for hire). These background with the letters “MC” stamped on the
are registered primarily for the conveyance of upper left-hand corner next to the registration sticker.
passengers and other commercial goods, i.e., This is very rare since tricycles are usually bought for
passenger jeepney’s, taxi cabs, etc. for-hire. For the public utility “TC” stamped on the
upper right-hand corner next to the registration sticker.
 9. Department of Tourism (DOT) accredited vehicles – D. Geographical designations of Plate Numbers.
these are usually tour buses and airport taxis which
are issued with plates that look like those of private Geographical designations of registered motor
vehicles, but have yellow highlights mixed with green vehicles can be determined by the beginning letter.
color and share the same first letter of current PUVs
plates. A must special sticker indicating that they are “A” – Region I (Ilocos Region) and COR (Cordillera Region)
DOT-accredited is placed on the rear windows. “B” – Region II (Cagayan Valley Region)
10. Optional Motor Vehicle Special Plates (OMVSP) – a “C” – Region III (Central Luzon Region), Superseded by “R” in
project of the LTO since 2004, in the form of 3-letter- 2003
number. e.g., DGD 24 “D” – Regions IV-A (CALABARZON) and IV-B (MIMAROPA),
11. Personalized (Vanity) Plates – anyone desiring to superseded by “V” in 2000.
have his own personalized must consider the “E” – Region V (Bicol Region)
following: “F” – Region VI (Western Visayas Region)
a. Uniqueness – the plate does not have a “G” – Region VII (Central Visayas Region), superseded by “Y”
registered duplicate anywhere else in the in 2004
Philippines. “H” – Region VIII (Eastern Visayas Region)
b. It should not have the same format as “J” – Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) and ARMM
government vehicles. “K” – Region X and XIII (Northern Mindanao and CARAGA)
c. Price – “L” – Region XI (Davao Region)
1) Premium edition (ex. 111 ABC) – Php “M” – Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN)
15,000.00 “N” – NCR, 1981-1982, 2009-2010 (with increments of “I”, “O”,
2) Select Edition (ex. JOEDET) – Php 10,000.00 and “Q”)
12. Commemorative plate – These special plate “P” – National Capital Region, 1982-1991, 2010-2011 (with
numbers are issued for specific purposes such as increments of “I”, “O”, and “Q”
fund-raising for government projects and programs. “R” – Region III (Central Luzon Region), overflow series for
private since 2003.
C. Dimensions and Medium “S” – Government owned (Red Plate) vehicles.
1. Tagalog: plaka which measures 390x140 mm. “T” – National Capital Region, 1991-1995, 2011-2012 (with
2. Characters are stamped on an aluminum plate which increments of “I”, “O”, and “Q”)
is then applied with reflectorized paint. “U” – National Capital Region, 1995-1997, 2012 to present (with
3. Previously, numerous watermarks of the Land increments of “I”, “O”, and “Q”)
Transportation Office (LTO) logo as well as a small “V” – Regions IV-A (CALABARZON) and IV-B (MIMAROPA),
logo of the plate manufacturer were stamped on the overflow Series for private since 2000.
plate, which was replaced in 2003 with reflectorized, “W” – National Capital Region, 1997-2001.
printed color sticker of the statue of Jose Rizal. “X” – National Capital Region, 2001-2005.
4. In 2008, all plates are produced by a sole, privately “Y” – Region VII (Central Visayas Region), overflow series for
funded manufacturer in Manila. private since 2004.
5. Slogan on the bottom plate usually reflects the goals “Z” – National Capital Region, 2005-2009.
campaign of the incumbent President which was
began under President Fidel V. Ramos. E. Approximate Year of Issuance
a. Fidel V. Ramos – “Philippines 2000”
b. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – “Matatag na 1. National Capital Region
Republika” (Strong Republic)
6. Until 2004, plates also bore the word “Pilipinas” at the 1981 NA, NB, NC, ND, NE, NF, NG, NH, NJ, NK,
bottom. NL, NM, NN, NP, NR, NS
7. Common Inscription 1982 NT, PA
a. PILIPINAS (the most common inscription; 1981- 1983 PB, PPC, PD
1995, 2001, 2002-2003, 2004-present) 1984 PD, PE, PF
b. PHILIPPINES 2000 (1995-2000) 1985 PF, PG
c. ANGAT PINOY 2004 (“Raise Pinoy 2004”, 2000- 1986 PH
2001) 1987 PJ
d. PERLAS NG SILANGAN (“Pearl of the Orient”; 1988 PK, PL
2001-2002) 1989 PM, PN, PP
8. MATATAG NA REPUBLIKA (2003-2013) Typeface. 1990 PR, PPS, PT
Numerous typefaces are used but the current typeface 1991 TA, TB, TC
was first implemented in 1981 which is loosely based 1992 TD, TE, TF
on the Australian license plate system with some slight 1993 TG, TH, TJ, TK, TL
variations on the font design since then. 1994 TM, TN, TP, TR, TT
9. 2014 series plate numbers. It consists of three-letter 1995 UA(A-B), TS, UA(C-onwards), UB, UC, UD,
and four numeric plates with the region of registration UE
inscribed below. 1996 UF, UG, UH, UJ, UK, UL, UM, UN
1997 UP, UR, US, UT, UU, WA, WB
ABI 1234 1998 WC, WD, WE, WF
Region 1 1999 WG, WH, WJ, WK, WL
2000 WM, WN, WP, WR
2001 WS, WT, XA, XB
10. 2018 series plate numbers. It retains the three-letter 2002 XC, XD, XE, XF, XG
and four-numeric plate and the removal of the region 2003 XH, XJ, XK, XL, XM
of registration. 2004 XN, XP, XR, XS
2005 XT, ZA, ZB, ZC
NAV 2832 2006 ZD, ZE, ZF, ZG
2007 ZH, ZJ, ZK, ZL
2008 ZM, ZN, ZP, ZR, ZS
2009 ZT, N-(I), N-(O), N-(Q), NI
 2010 NO, NQ, P-(I), P-(O), P-(Q), PI REGION III RK, RL, RM
2011 PO, PQ, T-(I), T-(O), T-(Q), TI REGION IV VE (F-onwards), VF
2012 TO, TQ, UI, U-(I) REGION V ED
2013 UO REGION VI FG (N-onwards), FH
REGION VII YH, YJ, YK
NOTE: I, O and Q are previously not used to avoid REGION VIII HC, HD
confusion with the numbers “1” and “0”. But with the exhaustion REGION IX/ARMM JD, JE
of the “Z” series in 2009, they are already used by reverting to REGION X/XIII KE, KF
the old “N” series. A new serial scheme is implemented using REGION XI LH
these characters, instead of the third letter coming into series REGION XII ME, MF
(e.g., after ZZZ-999 has been reached, ZAB-101) the middle
letter is the one being replaced (e.g., after NAI-999 series has F. Schedule of Registration.
been exhausted, NBI-101 will follow). After all possible
combinations with I, O and Q as third letter for the same Registration of motor vehicles should be done
starting letter have been used, I, O and Q are used as middle annually which follows the numerical suffixes of their plate
letters and the third letter is being replaced (e.g. after NZQ-999 numbers.
has been used, NIA-101 will follow), if the reverted letter is
exhausted (e.g. after PQZ-999 has been used, TAI-101 will Last Digit of Plate Middle Digit Weekly Deadline
follow). Number of Plate Number (Working days of
the month only)
2. Provincial Plate Numbers 1 – Jan 6– 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5
Jun 4 5 6 6 7
“1980’s” 2 - Feb 7– 7 8 8 9 10 11
Jul 9 0 12 13 14
REGION I/CAR AA, AB, AC (A-N) 3 – Mar 8– 15 16 17 18
REGION II BA, BB (A-N) Aug 19 20 21
REGION III CA, CB, CC, CD, CE, CF, CG, CH, 4 – Apr 9– 22 23 24 25
CJ (A-E) Sep 26 27 28
REGION IV DA, DB, DC, DD, DE. DF, DG (A-V) 5 – May 0- 2
REGION V EA (A-U) Oct 9 30 31
REGION VI FA, FB, FC, (A-S)
REGION VII GA, GB, GC, GD (A-D) Note: Vehicles may be registered one month in advance of
REGION VIII HA (A-M) weekly deadline. For motorcycles, use the 3rd digit.
REGION IX JA 1. Old, designed license plates: sample plate number –
REGION X/XIII KA, KB TNG 984
REGION XI LA, LB, LC (A-E)
REGION XII MA (A-W) The above motor vehicle shall be registered in April
every year because the last digit is “4” and the day of
“1990S” registration falls in April 15-21 since the middle digit is “8”.
REGION 1/CAR AC (P-onwards), AD, AE
REGION II BB (P-onwards), BC 2. New designed license plates: Sample plate number –
REGION III CJ (F-onwards), CK, CL, CM, CN, NAV 2832.
CP, CR (A-E)
REGION IV DG (W-Z), DH, DJ, DK, DL, DM, The above motor vehicle shall be registered in
DN, DP, DR, DS, DT February every year because the last digit is “2” and the day of
REGION V EA (V-Z), EB, EC registration falls in February 1-7 since the second to the last
REGION VI FC (T-onwards), FD, FE digit is “3”.
REGION VII GD (E-onwards), GE, GF, GG, GH,
GJ, GK 3. Two-wheeled vehicles (old): Sample plate number –
REGION VIII HA (P-onwards), HB DD 2425.
REGION IX/ARMM JA (W-Z), JB
REGION X/XIII KB (M-onwards), KC The above motor vehicle shall be registered in May
REGION XI LC (F-onwards), LD every year because the last digit is “5” and the day of
REGION XII MA (X-Z), MB registration falls in May 1-7 since the middle digit is “2”.

“2000’s” 4. Two-wheeled vehicles (new): Sample plate number –

REGION I/CAR AE, AF (A-D) VD 72468.
REGION II BC, BD, BE
REGION III CR (F-onwards), CS, CT, RA, RB, The above motor vehicle shall be registered in August
RC, RD, RE, RF, RG, RH, RJ every year because the last digit is “8” and the day of
REGION IV VA, VB, VC, VD, VE (A-E) registration falls in May 8-14 since the middle digit is “6”.
REGION V EC, ED
REGION VI FE, FF, FG (A-M) 5. Optional Motor Vehicle Special Plate (3 alpha
REGION VII GL, GM, GP, GR, GS, GT, YA, YB, characters and 2 numeric characters): Sample plate
YC, YD, YE, YF, YG, YH number – IAN 86.
REGION VIII HB, HC
REGION IX/ARMM JB, JC, JD The above motor vehicle shall be registered in June
REGION X/XIII KC, KD, KE every year because the last digit is “6” and the day of
REGION XI LD, LE, LF, LG, LH registration falls in June 15-21 since the middle digit is “8”.
REGION XII MB, MC, MD, ME
G. Letter of Prefixes on Plate Numbers. The letter prefixes
“2010-2013” indicate:
REGION 1/CAR AF (E-onwards)
REGION II BE 1. Place of initial registration of the motor vehicle.
 2. Year of initial registration and the possible year model regulations issued by the Commissioner and of local traffic
of the registered motor vehicle could be determined rules and regulations.
from the order of the letter prefixes, i.e., the higher When a driver’s license is confiscated for any reason,
the letters the later the year of registration and the traffic enforcer must, however, issue a receipt (Temporary
year model of the motor vehicle. Operator’s Permit -TOP) which is good for 72 hours within
which the driver may continue to operate his vehicle. Failure to
Example: Vehicle 1 - PLT 255 settle the case within 15 days will cause suspension or
Vehicle 2 - TNU 636 revocation of the license.

Between the above motor vehicles, Vehicle 1 was C. Types of Licenses, Procedures and Requirements.
registered earlier than Vehicle 2 and possibly, Vehicle 2’s
model is later than Vehicle 1. A driver is licensed by the LTO as proof of proficiency in
driving his knowledge of road rules and regulations while
H. Protocol Plate Numbers. These are special plate numbers operating a motor vehicle. Upon proving hi proficiency and
for high-ranking government officials as manifestation of knowledge, he will be issued a document in the form of the
courtesy towards them or their respective positions or offices. following licenses:
These plates are blue D or DD plates reserved for the top
government officials of the Republic of the Philippines. 1. International Driver’s License. Bonafide tourists and
transients who are duly licensed to operate motor
1 - President vehicles in their respective countries may be allowed
2 - Vice President to operate motor vehicles during their stay but not
3 - Senate President beyond 90 days of their sojourn in the Philippines.
4 - Speaker of the House of Representatives After ninety days, any tourist or transient desiring to
5 - Chief Justice of the Supreme Court operate motor vehicles shall pay fees and obtain and
6 - Cabinet Secretaries carry a license as hereinafter provided (Sec. 21, R.A.
7 - Senators 4136)
8 - Representatives (Congressmen)
9 - Associate Justices of the Supreme court 2. Military Driver’s License. Enlisted personnel of the
10 - Presiding Justice and other Justices of the AFP operating motor vehicles owned by the
Court of Appeals, Solicitor-General (OSG formerly 13) government shall be licensed in accordance with R.A.
11 - Chairman of the Commission on Elections 4136, but no license or delinquency fees shall be
12 - Cabinet Undersecretary collected thereof.
13 - None currently All licenses so issued shall bear the words
14 - Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the “FOR GOVERNMENT VEHICLES ONLY”
Philippines and Chief of the Philippine National Police plainly marked or stamped in red inks across
16 - Regional Trial Court Judges the face thereof. A Military Driver’s License
17 - First Level Courts (Metropolitan Trial Court, does not authorize the holder to operate a
Municipal Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court in Cities privately-owned motor vehicle (Sec. 20, R.A.
and Shari’ah Circuit Courts), added by Memorandum 4136).
Order No. 297 signed by President Gloria Macapagal-
Arroyo on March 2, 2009. 3. Professional Driver’s License. This license is issued
to a driver or paid for driving or operating a motor
vehicle whether private use or for hire to the public.
Any person driving his own motor vehicle for hire is a
professional driver (Sec. 3, e, R.A. 4136). To easily
LESSON 4: PROVISIONS ON DRIVER’S LICENSES distinguished, the word “professional” on the license is
red-highlighted.
Concept
4. Non-Professional Driver’s License. This kind of
Driving a motor vehicle in the Philippines as in other license is issued to owners of privately-owned motor
countries is NOT a right but a privilege granted by the vehicles or those not for hire or paid for driving (Effect
Philippine Government through the LTO based on Republic Act of Sec. 3e, RA 4136). To easily distinguish this license
4136 and Batas Pambansa Blg. 398. Further, it is a privilege from professional license, the word “Non-professional”
which may be suspended or revoked. is green-highlighted.

Driver’s License. A document issued to a qualified 5. Student Driver’s Permit. This kind of document is
driver who possesses the statutory qualification as provided, issued to persons who desire to learn how to drive. A
therefore. It is also a public document which has the legal student driver cannot operate a vehicle unless
presumption of genuineness (CCC Insurance Corp. vs. Court of accompanied by an instructor who may either be a
appeals, 31 SCRA 264). licensed professional or non-professional driver (Sec.
30, R.A. 4136)
A. Duty to Procure License.
D. Validity or Expiration of License.
Sec. 19 of R.A. 4136 states that no person shall 1. Student driver’s permit – 12 months or 1 year.
operate any motor vehicle without first procuring a license to 2. Non-professional and Professional Driver’s Licenses
drive for the current year. To be effective in the hands of its and Conductors’ License – 5 years as per R.A. 10930
holder, it must not be delinquent, invalid, suspended or revoked and LTO Administrative Order 2016-034.
and should be carried at all times and shall be authorized by 3. International Driver’s License for Tourists – 90 days
R.A. 4136 to inspect the same. but can be renewed.

B. Confiscation of Driver’s License. E. Conductors’ License. Conductors of public utility vehicles

are also mandated to procure their licenses from the LTO.
Sec. 29 of R.A. 4136 mandates that a driver’s license
may be confiscated for violations of R.A. 4136, the rules and
F. Qualifications and Requirements. Read appendix 10 2. Must be physically and mentally fit to operate a motor
regarding Drivers License on page 375380. vehicle (or work, in the case of applications for
Conductor's License);
A. Qualifications (Student Permit) 3. Must be able to read and write Filipino, English or the
1. Must be at least seventeen (17) years old. applicable local dialect.
2. Must be physically and mentally fit to operate a motor 4. For RC 1, 2, 4 and 6 -Must be a holder of a valid SP
vehicle. issued at least.t six (6) months prior to the application
3. Must be able to read and write Filipino, English or the for RC 3, 5, 7 and 8 -Must be a holder of a valid
applicable local dialect; and NPDL issued at least one (1) year prior to the
4. In addition, for foreigners, the applicant must be application or POL holder with RC 1,2 ,4 and 6 for a
eighteen (18) years old and must have been in the period of at least six (6) months prior to the
Philippines for at least one (1) month with proof that application.
he/she will stay in the country for at least one (1) year 5. Must not have been cited for two (2) or more counts
from date of application. of reckless driving during the period of validity of
his/her existing license; and
B. Documentary Requirements: 6. In addition, for foreigner, the applicant must have
1. Duly accomplished Application for Driver's License been in the Philippines for at least one (1) month with
(AOL). proof that he/she will stay in the country for at least
2. Original and photocopy of birth certificate duly one (1) year from date of application and is allowed to
authenticated by National Statistics Office (NSO) work herein.
3. If below eighteen (18) years of age, original copy of
parental/guardian's consent with original and B. Documentary Requirements for the Issuance of a New
photocopy of one (1) valid government issued PDL or Conductor's License/Change Classification from
Identification Card containing the signature of the NPDL to PDL:
consenting parent/guardian. 1. Duly accomplished Application for Driver's License
4. Medical Certificate issued· by any licensed practicing (AOL).
physician stating that the applicant is physically and 2. For RC 1, 2, 4 and 6 -Must be a holder of a valid SP
mentally fit to operate a motor vehicle or otherwise issued at least six (6) months prior to the application
stating his/her impairment; and for RC 3, 5, 7 and 8-Must be a holder of a valid NPDL
5. In addition, for foreigners, original and photocopy of issued at least one (1) year prior to the application or
passport with entry date of at least one (1) month and POL holder with RC 1,2,4 and 6 for a period of at least
visa duration of at least one (1) year from date of six (6) months prior to the application.
application, or if born in the Philippines, present 3. Medical Certificate issued by any licensed practicing
original and photocopy of birth certificate duly physician stating that the applicant is physically and
authenticated by the NSO. mentally fit to operate a motor vehicle (or work, in the
case of applications for Conductor's License).
A. Qualifications: (Non-Professional) 4. Clearance that the applicant has not been convicted of
1. Must be at least eighteen (18) years old. any offense involving moral turpitude or reckless
2. Must be physically and mentally fit to operate a motor imprudence resulting from reckless driving from all the
vehicle. following: a. National Bureau of Investigation (NBI};
3. Must be able to read and write Filipino, English or the and b. Philippine National Police (PNP).
applicable local dialect. 5. In addition, for foreigners, original and photocopy of
4. Must be a holder of a valid SP issued at least thirty passport with entry of at least one (1) month and
(30) days prior to the application; and working visa duration of at least one (1) year from date
5. In addition, for foreigners. the applicant must have of application, or if born in the Philippines, present
been in the Philippines for at least one {1) month with original and photocopy of birth certificate duly
proof that he/she will stay in the country for at least authenticated by the NSO.
one {1) year from date of application.
G. Drivers’ Examination. All drivers’ license applicants must
B. Documentary Requirements for the Issuance of a New obtain the passing score as follows:
NPDL/Conversion: 1. The written examination. All written examinations will
1. Duly accomplished Application for Driver's License contain questions concerning proper driving
(AOL). procedures, road rules and regulations, emergency
2. Valid SP issued at least thirty (30) days from date of procedures, etc. number of questions will be as
application. follows:
3. Medical Certificate issued by any licensed practicing a. Non-professional license – 40 questions
physician stating that the applicant is physically and b. Professional license – 60 questions
mentally fit to operate a motor vehicle or otherwise
stating his/her impairment; and Examinees will have to pass the written examination
4. In addition, for foreigners, original and photocopy of with the following marks:
passport with entry of at least one {1) month and visa a. Non-professional – 30 out of 40 questions
duration of at least one (1) year from date of b. Professional – 45 out of 60 questions
application, or if born in the Philippines, present
original and photocopy of birth certificate duly Before each examination, a DRIVING SKILL RATER will
authenticated by the NSO. If the applicant is a holder provide a 30-minute lecture about traffic rules and other
of a valid Foreign Driver's License, the applicant may driver information as a “review” for the applicants.
present the original and photocopy of Foreign Driver's
License, if not in English language, original and 2. The Road Test. The actual road test will be
photocopy of official English translation from the local undertaken under the auspices of a DRIVING SKILL
Embassy issuing country, instead of an SP. RATER.
During the road test, the applicant will be rated
A. Qualifications: (Professional Driver’s License) according to his proficiency on the following aspects:
1. Must be at least eighteen (18) years old. a. That the applicant is aware of and capable of
performing a check on the primary components of
 the vehicle such as the engine, the tires, the on specifics sections of highways, see Chapter IV,
battery, lights, windshield wipers, brakes, Sec. 35, par b of RA 4136.
transmission, and clutch, etc.
b. Proper use and correct positioning of the hands 2. Exception to the speed limit. The rates of speed
on the steering wheel. hereinabove prescribed shall not apply to the
c. Proper engine control and use of the gear shift following:
lever and the foot pedals. a. A physician or his driver when the former
d. Proper speed control and observance and responds to emergency calls.
practice of road discipline. b. The driver of a hospital ambulance on the way to
e. Proper knowledge and interpretation of road signs and from the place of accident or another
and markings. emergency.
f. Proper turning procedures. c. Any driver bringing a wounded or sick person for
g. Proper backing procedures. emergency treatment to a hospital, clinic, or any
h. Proper parking procedures. other similar place.
d. The driver of a motor vehicle belonging to the
The applicant will be credited with a score of 100 Armed Forces while in use for official purposes in
points at the start of the road test. Each infraction or times of riot, insurrection, or invasion.
unsatisfactory performance will be listed down on a ROAD e. The driver of a vehicle when he or his passengers
TEST SCORE SHEET and the corresponding deductions made are in pursuit of a criminal.
at the end of the test. Passing grade will be 70 points or a total f. A law enforcement officer who is trying to
possible deduction of 30 points. overtake a violator of traffic laws.
g. The driver officially operating a motor vehicle of
H. Mandatory Drug Test. any fire department, provided that exemption shall
It is mandatory to all drivers’ license applicants except not be construed to allow useless or unnecessary
for student drivers’ permit to pass a drug test conducted by duly fast driving of drivers aforementioned.
LTO accredited drug testing centers. (Repealed by R.A. 10586)
3. Uniform Speed Limits throughout the Philippines.
I. Drivers’ Restriction Code. When the driver is issued a No provincial, city or municipal authority shall enact or
license the driver’s restriction code is indicated as follows: enforce any ordinance or resolution specifying
1. Motorcycles/Motorized tricycles maximum allowable speeds other than those provided
2. Vehicle up to 4500 kgs Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW). by RA 4136.
3. Vehicle above 4500 kgs GVW
4. Automatic clutch up to 4500 kgs GVW B. Lateral Placement.
5. Automatic clutch above 4500 kgs GVW Lateral placement means the proper positioning of the
6. Articulated vehicle 1600 kgs GVW and below motor vehicle while traversing on a traffic way or while on
7. Articulated vehicle 1601 up to 4500 kgs GVW parked.
8. Articulated vehicle 4501 kgs & above GVW
9. Disabled (Old) – no longer existing because disabled In the Philippines, unless a different course of action is
individuals are now called differently-abled persons. required in the interest of the safety and the security of life,
person or property, or because of unreasonable difficulty of
J. Drivers’ Condition. The condition for driver’s license holder operation in compliance herewith, every person operating a
while operating a motor vehicle are indicated as follows: motor vehicle or an animal-drawn vehicle on a highway shall
1. A – wear eyeglasses pass to the right when meeting persons or vehicles going the
2. B – drive only with special equipment for upper limbs same direction, and when turning to the left in going from one
3. C – drive only with special equipment for lower limbs highway to another, every motor vehicle shall be conducted to
4. D – daylight driving only the right of the center of the intersection of the highway.
5. E – accompanied by a person with normal hearing
For the pedestrians, they should walk on side streets
LESSON 5: to the left facing the oncoming traffic.
GENERAL RULES OF ROAD USE AND CONDUCT
On the other hand, motor vehicles should be parked only on
Concept designated areas and so properly parked without encroaching
the parking stall or space of another vehicle. For clearer
The traffic rules in the Philippines are based entirely understanding of the above provisions, refer to figures 3, 4.1
on the general rules of road use and conduct which also include and 4.2.
the general prohibitions and restrictions. Chapter IV, Articles I
to V of the R.A. 4136 comprehensively discuss the traffic rules C. Overtaking and Passing. In overtaking another vehicle, a
observed in the Philippines. driver should pass at a safe distance to the left of the vehicle
being overtaken and shall resume driving on the right side of
A. Speed Limit and Other Rules on Speed. the road only after passing clear of the overtaken vehicle.
Any person driving a motor vehicle on a highway shall 1. Exception. On the highways with two or more lanes
drive the same at a careful and prudent speed, not greater nor where traffic goes in one direction, another vehicle
less than is reasonable and proper, having due regard for the may be overtaken on the right (Sec. 39, R.A. 4136)
traffic, the width of the highway, and of any other condition then 2. Driver to give way to overtaking vehicle. The driver of
and there existing; and no person shall drive any motor vehicle a motor vehicle about to be overtaken must give way
upon a highway at such speed as to endanger the life, limb and to the overtaking vehicle and shall not increase his
property of any person, nor at a speed greater than will permit speed until the overtaking vehicle has fully passed by
him to bring the vehicle to a stop within the assured clear (Sec. 40, R.A. 4136)
distance ahead. 3. Restrictions on overtaking and passing. To avoid
accident or any unusual incidents, overtaking and
1. Maximum allowable speeds. The maximum passing on the following places are restricted (Sec. 41,
allowable speed shall be in accordance with the R.A. 4136)
preceding paragraph and for the specific speed limits a. To the left side of the center line of a highway in
overtaking another vehicle proceeding in the
 same direction, unless such left side is clearly operated on official business and the drivers
visible, and is free of oncoming traffic for a thereof sound audible signal of their approach.
sufficient distance ahead to permit safety
overtaking. c. The driver of a vehicle entering a “through
b. When approaching the crest of a grade, nor upon highway” or a “stop intersection” shall yield the
a curve in the highway, where the driver’s view right of way to all vehicles approaching in either
along the highway is obstructed within the direction on such “through highway.”
distance of five hundred feet ahead, except on a
highway having two or more lanes for movement E. Starting, Stopping or Turning Rules. The driver of any
of vehicles in one direction. motor vehicle on a highway, before starting, stopping, or turning
c. At any railway grade crossing, nor at any from a direct line, shall first see that such movement can be
intersection of highways, unless such intersection made safely; and if any pedestrian is affected by such
or crossing is controlled by traffic signal, or a movement, he shall give a clearly audible signal by sounding
traffic officer. the vehicle’s horn.
d. Between any points indicated by the placing of
official temporary or caution signs indicating that 1. When other motorists are affected. Whenever the
men are working on the highways. operation of any other approaching or following may
e. In any “no passing or overtaking zone.” be affected by such movement, the driver making the
movement shall give a signal to the other driver/s of
D. Right of Way. This principle refers to the legal or customary his intention to make such movement (Sec. 44, a).
precedence (priority in place or time) which allows one vehicle
to cross or pass in front of another. The concept of the right of 2. Hand signal. The required signal shall be given by
way is important to understand since the law never really grants means of extending the hand or arm beyond the left
the right of way. The law simply states when the right of way side of the vehicle or by an approved mechanical or
must be yielded. Right of way can be used when the law electrical signal device (Sec. 44, b).
permits its use by requiring that others yield the right of way to
you. Failure to yield the right of way leads to crashes in all 3. Making a right turn (normal procedures). The
states. There are some ways for you to reduce this probability following are the rules to be observed in making a
when you are driving however safemotorist.com). correct turning to the right from a four-lane street to a
four-lane street. See figure 14 for further illustration.
1. Rules on Right of Way. Sections 42-44, of RA 4136
provides for the rules on giving the right of way. a. Signal your intention to turn right with your turning
signal light or a hand signal at least 100 ft before
a. In case of two vehicles approaching or entering you intend to make your turn.
an intersection at the same time, the driver of the b. Stay on the right lane of the road.
vehicle on the left shall yield the right of way; c. NEVER make a right turn from left lane.
however, the driver of any vehicle traveling at an d. At an intersection with a red traffic light, make a
unlawful speed forfeits this right (Sec. 42, a). See right turn ONLY after coming to a full stop to make
figure 7.1 sure that no vehicle is coming from the left.
e. If there is a sign prohibiting a right turn unless the
b. In the case of a vehicle approaching but has not light is GREEN, DO NOT turn right while the RED
yet entered the intersection, its driver shall yield LIGHT IS ON.
the right of way to vehicles already within such
intersection or turning therein to the left across the 4. Making a Left Turn (Normal procedures). Motor
line of travel of the first mentioned vehicle (Sec. vehicles intending to turn left from a four-lane street to
42, b). See figure 7.2. four-lane street should observe the following
procedures:
c. In case of a vehicle on a highway within a a. Signal your intention to turn left with your turning
business or residential district, its driver shall yield signal or a hand signal at least 100 feet before
the right of way to pedestrians crossing the you intend to make your turn.
highway within q crosswalk except at intersections b. Stay on the left lane of the road.
where traffic is regulated by a peace officer or a c. NEVER make a left turn from the right lane.
traffic signal. If there is no crosswalk, pedestrians d. At an intersection with a traffic light, vehicles
shall yield the right of way to vehicles on the GOING STRAIGHT have the right of way. Wait for
highways (Sec. 42, d). See figure 8. them to pass first before you turn left.
e. At an intersection with a traffic light, make a left
d. The driver of a vehicle upon a highway shall bring turn only when the green light is on or when there
to a full stop such vehicle before traversing any is a left turn light.
“through highway” or railroad crossing: Provided,
that when it is apparent that no hazard exists, the 5. Making a U-turn on a Two-lane Road (normal
vehicle may be slowed down to five miles per procedure). Following is the recommended procedure
hour instead of bringing it to a full stop, (Sec. 42, in making a U-turn on two-lane road.
d). See figure 9.
a. Make a right turn signal at least 100 ft. before you
2. Exceptions to the Right of Way Rule. Right-of-way start moving to the right side of the road.
rules do not apply in the case: b. Stay as close to the right side as possible. Come
a. Of a vehicle entering from a private road or drive. to a complete stop if necessary. Check behind
The right of way is in favor of all vehicles utilizing you for traffic. Also check for oncoming traffic on
the highway (Sec. 43). See figure 10. the other lane.
c. Once all traffic has passed you, initiate your U-
b. The driver of a vehicle upon a highway shall yield turn. See to it that you can make it in one
the right of way to police or fire department “sweep”. If you have a long vehicle, look for an
vehicles and ambulances when such vehicles are intersection or a wide section of the road to make
a U-turn in.
 d. At this point, you should be making the U-turn if h. At any place where official signs have been
you know the turning radius of your vehicle. erected prohibiting parking.
e. Do not move immediately to the middle of the
road. Keep to the right side until you have
increased your speed sufficiently to move to the
middle of the lane.

6. Making a U-turn on a Four-lane highway (normal

procedure). Following is the correct procedure:
a. Check for traffic behind you and indicate your
intentions with a left turn signal. If no fast vehicles,
stay on the left lane.
b. Clear the “other side” for oncoming traffic and
initiate your turn as soon as it is clear. Do not
come to a complete stop. Straighten out on the
right lane and begin gaining speed.
c. As soon as you have reached a relatively safe
speed, signal your intention to move to the fast
lane with a left turn signal.
d. Move to the fast lane as soon as you are fast
enough to hold up traffic moving in the same
direction.

A. Pedestrian’ Rights and Duties. Pedestrians have the

right to occupy or pass on spaces or portions of traffic
way allocated for them like crossing on pedestrian
lanes and passing on the sidewalks or catwalks. In
addition, pedestrians, as part of the traffic system,
their fundamental duty is to observe and obey all traffic
rules and regulations. Motorists should also know the
rights of the pedestrians so that they will not be using
the portions of the traffic way allocated for the
pedestrians for parking purposes.

G. General Parking Rules and Similar Regulations.

Motor vehicles should park only on areas specifically
designated for parking. All accidents are not cause while
vehicles are being driven. A parked vehicle may create an
accident, kill someone, or destroy property. Before leaving your
vehicle, set the brakes, put the gear in low or reverse or park
position and remove the key. This will prevent your car from
rolling down an incline and will also prevent cars from pushing
your car.

1. Parking on cities. In cities and towns, unless

otherwise directed by a city or municipal ordinance,
motor vehicles will be parked parallel and within 12
inches of the curb. For additional pre-caution while
parking, observe the following:
a. Downhill with or without curb - turn wheels to
right.
b. Uphill curb – turn wheels from curb (to left).
c. Uphill without curb – turn wheels to curb.

2. Parking on a highway. On rural roads, pull entirely off

pavement to park. Whenever practicable, turn on your
parking lights.
3. Parking prohibited in specified places. No driver
shall park a vehicle, or permit it to stand, whether
attended or unattended, upon a highway in any of the
following places and at any place where official signs
have been erected prohibiting parking.

a. Within an intersection.
b. On a crosswalk.
c. Within six meters of the intersection of curb
lines.
d. Within four meters of the driveway entrance
to and fire station.
e. Within four meters of a fire hydrant.
f. In front of a private driveway.
g. On the roadway side of any vehicle stopped
or parked at the curb or edge of the highway.