1.

Create a structure called "Student" with OUTPUT:-

members name, age, and total marks. Write
Student 1: Name: Alice, Age: 20, Total Marks:
a C program to input data for two students,
85.50
display their information, and find the
average of total marks. Student 2: Name: Bob, Age: 22, Total Marks:
90.00
INPUT:-
Average Total Marks: 87.75
#include <stdio.h>
2. Write a program to initialize an array of
struct Student {
structures to store the details of 5 students
char name[50]; (name, roll number, and marks) and display
the information.
int age;
INPUT:-
float totalMarks;
#include <stdio.h>
};
struct Student {
int main() {
char name[50];
struct Student s1, s2;
int rollNo;
float averageMarks;
float marks;
printf("Enter name, age, and total marks for
Student 1:\n"); };

scanf("%s %d %f" ,s1.name,&s1.age, int main() {

&s1.totalMarks);
struct Student students[5] = {
printf("Enter name, age, and total marks for
{"Alice", 1, 85.5},
Student 2:\n");
{"Bob", 2, 90.0},
scanf("%s %d %f", s2.name, &s2.age,
&s2.totalMarks); {"Charlie", 3, 78.2},
printf("\nStudent 1: Name: %s, Age: %d, {"Diana", 4, 88.8},
Total Marks: %.2f\n", s1.name, s1.age,
s1.totalMarks); {"Eve", 5, 92.3}

printf("Student 2: Name: %s, Age: %d, Total };

Marks: %.2f\n", s2.name, s2.age, printf("Student Details:\n");
s2.totalMarks);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
averageMarks = (s1.totalMarks +
s2.totalMarks) / 2; printf("Name: %s, Roll No: %d, Marks:
%.2f\n",
printf("\nAverage Total Marks: %.2f\n",
averageMarks); students[i].name, students[i].rollNo,
students[i].marks);
return 0;
}
}
 return 0; printf("Difference: %d\n", difference);

OUTPUT:- return 0;

Student Details: }

Name: Alice, Roll No: 1, Marks: 85.50 OUTPUT:-

Name: Bob, Roll No: 2, Marks: 90.00 Enter two integers: 10 5

Name: Charlie, Roll No: 3, Marks: 78.20 Sum: 15

Name: Diana, Roll No: 4, Marks: 88.80 Difference: 5

Name: Eve, Roll No: 5, Marks: 92.30 4. Define a structure named "Date" with
members day, month, and year. Write a C
3. Define a structure that takes two integers
program to input two dates and find the
as arguments (call by reference) and
difference in days between them.
calculates their sum and difference.
INPUT:-
INPUT:-
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
struct Date {
struct Numbers {
int day;
int a;
int month;
int b;
int year;
};
};
void calculate(struct Numbers *nums, int
*sum, int *difference) { int dateToDays(struct Date d) {

*sum = nums->a + nums->b; return d.year * 365 + d.month * 30 + d.day;

*difference = nums->a - nums->b; }

int main() { int main() {

struct Numbers nums; struct Date date1, date2;

int sum, difference; int days1, days2, difference;

printf("Enter two integers: "); printf("Enter first date (day month year): ");

scanf("%d %d", &nums.a, &nums.b); scanf("%d %d %d", &date1.day,

&date1.month, &date1.year);
calculate(&nums, &sum, &difference);

printf("Enter second date (day month year):

// Display results
");
printf("Sum: %d\n", sum);
 scanf("%d %d %d", &date2.day, }
&date2.month, &date2.year);
int main() {
days1 = dateToDays(date1);
struct Circle c1, c2;
days2 = dateToDays(date2);
printf("Enter radius of Circle 1: ");
difference = (days1 > days2) ? (days1 -
scanf("%f", &c1.radius);
days2) : (days2 - days1);
printf("Enter radius of Circle 2: ");
printf("Difference in days: %d\n",
difference); scanf("%f", &c2.radius);

printf("\nCircle 1 - Area: %.2f, Perimeter:

%.2f\n",
return 0;
calculateArea(c1),
}
calculatePerimeter(c1));
OUTPUT:-
printf("Circle 2 - Area: %.2f, Perimeter: %.2f\
Enter first date (day month year): 15 8 2023 n",

Enter second date (day month year): 20 8 calculateArea(c2),

2023 calculatePerimeter(c2));

Difference in days: 5 return 0;

5. Define a structure named Circle to }

represent a circle with a radius. Write a C
OUTPUT:-
program to calculate the area and perimeter
of two circles and display the results. Enter radius of Circle 1: 5
INPUT:- Enter radius of Circle 2: 7
#include <stdio.h> Circle 1 - Area: 78.54, Perimeter: 31.42
#define PI 3.14159 Circle 2 - Area: 153.94, Perimeter: 43.98
struct Circle {

float radius; 6.Write a program in C to demonstrate the

array of structures and vice versa with a
};
suitable example.

INPUT:-
float calculateArea(struct Circle c) {
#include <stdio.h>
return PI * c.radius * c.radius;
struct Student {
}
char name[50];

int marks[3];
float calculatePerimeter(struct Circle c) {
};
return 2 * PI * c.radius;
void displayArrayOfStructures(struct Student Details of Students:
students[], int n) {
Student 1 Name: Alice
printf("\nDetails of Students:\n");
Marks: 85, 90, 88
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
Student 2 Name: Bob
printf("Student %d Name: %s\n", i + 1,
Marks: 78, 82, 80
students[i].name);
7. Write a program that counts the
printf("Marks: %d, %d, %d\n",
occurrences of a specific value in an array
students[i].marks[0], students[i].marks[1],
students[i].marks[2]); INPUT:-
} #include <stdio.h>
} int main() {

int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 5};

int main() { int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
int n = 2; int value = 2;
struct Student students[n]; int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("Enter name of Student %d: ", i + if (arr[i] == value) {
1);
count++;
scanf("%s", students[i].name);
}
printf("Enter marks in 3 subjects for %s: ",
students[i].name); }

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { printf("The value %d occurs %d times.\n",

value, count);
scanf("%d", &students[i].marks[j]);
return 0;
}
}
}
OUTPUT:-
displayArrayOfStructures(students, n);
The value 2 occurs 3 times.
return 0;

OUTPUT:-

Enter name of Student 1: Alice

Enter marks in 3 subjects for Alice: 85 90 88

Enter name of Student 2: Bob

Enter marks in 3 subjects for Bob: 78 82 80

8. WAP that adds two arrays of the same size int main() {
element-wise and stores the result in a third
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
array.
int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
INPUT:-

#include <stdio.h>
printf("Array in reverse order: ");

for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {

int main() {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
int arr1[] = {1, 2, 3};
}
int arr2[] = {4, 5, 6};
printf("\n");
int size = sizeof(arr1) / sizeof(arr1[0]);

int result[size];
return 0;

}
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

result[i] = arr1[i] + arr2[i];

Q.Similarities and Differences Between if-
}
else, if-else ladder, and switch-case

1. if-else Statement
printf("Resultant Array: ");
 Description: The if-else statement is
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { used to test a condition. If the
condition is true, one block of code
printf("%d ", result[i]);
executes; otherwise, another block
} executes.

printf("\n");  Syntax:

 if (condition) {

return 0;  // Code if condition is true

}  } else {

OUTPUT:-  // Code if condition is false

Resultant Array: 5 7 9  }

9. Write a program that prints the elements  Example:

of an array in reverse order without
 int num = 10;
modifying the original array.
 if (num > 5) {
INPUT:-
 printf("Number is greater than 5");
#include <stdio.h>
 } else {
  printf("Number is less than or equal check a variable against several
to 5"); constant values. It’s more efficient
than multiple if-else statements when
 }
comparing a single variable with many
 Output: Number is greater than 5 values.

2. if-else ladder Statement  Syntax:

 Description: An if-else ladder allows  switch (variable) {

multiple conditions to be checked
 case value1:
sequentially. Each else if checks a new
condition after the previous one fails.  // Code for value1
It’s useful when there are more than
 break;
two conditions to check.
 case value2:
 Syntax:
 // Code for value2
 if (condition1) {
 break;
 // Code if condition1 is true
 default:
 } else if (condition2) {
 // Code if no match
 // Code if condition2 is true
 break;
 } else {
 }
 // Code if all conditions are false
 Example:
 }
 int num = 2;
 Example:
 switch (num) {
 int num = 10;
 case 1:
 if (num > 20) {
 printf("One");
 printf("Greater than 20");
 break;9
 } else if (num > 5) {
 case 2:
 printf("Greater than 5 but less than
or equal to 20");  printf("Two");
 } else {  break;
 printf("Less than or equal to 5");  default:
 }  printf("Other number");
 Output: Greater than 5 but less than  break;
or equal to 20
 }
3. switch-case Statement
 Output: two
 Description: The switch-case
statement is used when you need to
Conclusion: printf("First repeated element is:
%d\n", result);
 Use if-else when you need to check a
simple condition. } else {

 Use if-else ladder when you need to printf("No repeated elements

check multiple conditions found.\n");
sequentially.
}
 Use switch-case when you need to
compare a variable against multiple
constant values efficiently. return 0;
10. Write a function that finds the }
first repeated element in an array.
OUTPUT:-
INPUT:-
First repeated element is: 3
#include <stdio.h>
11. Create a function that checks if a
substring exists within a given string
and returns the index of its first
int findFirstRepeated(int arr[], int size)
occurrence.
{
INPUT:-
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
#include <stdio.h>
for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {
#include <string.h>
if (arr[i] == arr[j]) {

return arr[i];
int findSubstringIndex(const char *str,
}
const char *substr) {
}
int strLen = strlen(str);
}
int subLen = strlen(substr);
return -1; // Return -1 if no
repetition is found
for (int i = 0; i <= strLen - subLen; i+
}
+) {

int j;
int main() {
for (j = 0; j < subLen; j++) {
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 6};
if (str[i + j] != substr[j]) {
int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
break;
int result = findFirstRepeated(arr,
}
size);
}

if (j == subLen) {
if (result != -1) {
 return i; int count = 0;

} int inWord = 0;

return -1; for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {

} if (isspace(str[i]) == 0) {

if (inWord == 0) {

int main() { count++;

const char *str = "Hello, world!"; inWord = 1;

const char *substr = "world"; }

int index = findSubstringIndex(str, } else {

substr);
inWord = 0;

}
if (index != -1) {
}
printf("Substring found at index:
%d\n", index);
return count;
} else {
}
printf("Substring not found.\n");

}
int main() {

const char *str = "Hello, how are you

return 0;
doing?";
}
int wordCount = countWords(str);
OUTPUT:-
printf("Number of words: %d\n",
Substring found at index: 7 wordCount);

12. Write a function that counts the number

of words in a string (words are separated by
return 0;
spaces).
}
INPUT:-
OUTPUT:-
#include <stdio.h>
Number of words: 5
#include <string.h>

#include <ctype.h>

int countWords(const char *str) {

13. Create a function that checks if a
substring exists within a given string and
returns the index of its first occurrence.

INPUT:-

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

int compare(const void *a, const void *b) {

return (*(int *)b - *(int *)a);

int findKthLargest(int arr[], int size, int k) {

qsort(arr, size, sizeof(int), compare);

return arr[k-1];

int main() {

int arr[] = {12, 3, 5, 7, 19};

int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

int k = 2;

int result = findKthLargest(arr, size, k);

printf("The %dth largest element is: %d\n",

k, result);

return 0;

OUTPUT:-

The 2nd largest element is: 12

14.