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Project vl1

project vl1 hcmut

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nguyen.trankhoi14
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13 views7 pages

Project vl1

project vl1 hcmut

Uploaded by

nguyen.trankhoi14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I.

Project Requirements

1. Project requirement:
Students are required to use MATLAB to visualize the electric field energy
density based on the electric potential distribution on a given plane.
2. Conditions:
• Students need basic knowledge of programming in MATLAB.
• Research MATLAB commands related to symbolic computation and
graphics.
3. Tasks:
• Input the electric potential function depending on variables x and y.
• Create a grid matrix on the Oxy plane with O as the origin.
• Calculate the electric field energy density at each node on the grid.
• Plot 3D graphs showing the distribution of the electric potential and the
electric field energy density (z-axis) at points on the plane (x, y-axes).

II. Theoretical basis


1. The electric field intensity
-The electric field intensity at a point is a quantity that characterizes the electric field at that
point in terms of its action. It has a value (direction, orientation, and magnitude) equal to the
electric force acting on a unit positive charge placed at that point.

-The unit of electric field intensity is volts per meter (V/m)

(V/m or N/C)
-The electric field generated by a system of point charges: It is the vector sum of the electric
field intensities created by all the charges in the system:
-The electric field created by a charged object: Divide the object into small elemental charges
dq. The electric field generated by the charge dq is:

The electric field created by an object:

2. Electric Potential

-The electric potential of an electric field is a scalar field associated with the electric field.
Specifically, the gradient of the electric potential is a vector that points in the opposite
direction and has the same magnitude as the electric field. In the International System of
Units (SI), electric potential is measured in volts (abbreviated as V).
-The electric potential created by a point charge: Each point charge q generates an electric
field around it, with the electric potential V determined by the formula:

- The total electric potential created by a system of point charges is the sum of the electric
potentials from each charge:

- For a continuous charge distribution, the electric potential is:

❑ ❑
q
V =∫ ❑ dV =∫ ❑ k
❑ ❑ r

- An equipotential surface is the set of all points where the electric potential is constant:

V (x , y , z )=C

- The relationship between electric field strength and electric potential is expressed as:
- Consider two equipotential surfaces V , and V +dV , with dV > 0 The work done by the
electric field force in moving a point charge q 0 from point M to point N is :
dA=W t (M )−W t (N )❑ =¿ (1)

Since work equals the reduction in potential energy, it is also given by the product of and the
potential difference:

dA=W t (M )−W t (N )=¿❑ q 0 (V M −V N )=−q0 dV ¿ (2)

From equations (1) and (2), we derive :

Because dV > 0, therefore <0 meaning the angle between and is obtuse.

- The vector at point M is perpendicular to the equipotential surface V, and thus, points
in the direction of the line MN. ( fig1.38 )

- In scalar form, this can be expressed as:

−dV
= E s ds=−dV or E s=
ds

Relationship Between Electric Field and Electric Potential (Figure 1.38)


- The projection of onto any direction ds equals the rate of decrease in electric potential per
unit length along that direction.

- Expanding along the x, y, and z directions in the Cartesian coordinate system.

−∂ V ∂V ∂V
E x . dx + EY . dy+ Ez . dz= dx− dy−
∂x ∂y ∂z

Therefore:

III. MATLAB code and Explanation


%Create x and y variables
syms x y;
%Read in V(x,y) as text string
V=input('Enter potential V(x,y) as an
equation= ');
%Evaluate electric field
e=-(diff(V,x)+diff(V,y));
u=1/2*8.854E-12*e^2;
%Create mesh matrix on Oxy plane
[x,y]=meshgrid(-9:1:10);
%Calculate electric potential at the nodes on
the grid
V=eval(V);
%Draw graph of electric potential distribution
figure(1); surf(V);
title('electric potential distribution');
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y'); zlabel('electric
potential');
grid on;
%Calculate electric field energy density at
the nodes on the grid
u=eval(u);
%Draw graph of electric energy density at the
nodes on the grid
figure(2); surf(x,y,u);
title('electric field energy density
distribution');
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y'); zlabel('electric
field density');
grid on;

IV. Result of the code


1. x^2+y^2

2. 5*x^3-3*y^2+7
3. 0.5*x^2+3*y^3

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