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LAB 7 Delay Calculation Using Loops

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17 views12 pages

LAB 7 Delay Calculation Using Loops

Uploaded by

tanveer1111110
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LAB 7

DELAY CALCULATIONS
USING LOOPS
CLOCK CYCLE VS MACHINE CYCLE
To execute instruction, CPU takes certain number of
machine cycles. In 8051, one machine cycle is equal to
12 clock cycles.

1 machine cycle = 12 Oscillator cycles


1mc(freq) = crystal freq(MHz) / 12
1mc(freq) = 11.0592 MHz / 12
1mc(freq) = 921.6 KHz
Time = 1/freq
1mc = 1.085us
 Every instruction of 8051 takes some machine
cycles to execute.
 Instructions may takes 1,2 or 4 cycles to execute
© Dr J.Iqbal
DELAY CALCULATION

Delay: mov r3,#200 ;1mc instruction


djnz r3,$ ;2mc instruction
nop ;1mc instruction
END

1
1+(2 * 200)
1+(2 * 200) +1
(1+(2 * 200) + 1)*1.085 = 436.17 µ Sec
NESTED LOOPS- DELAY
ORG 00H
MOV P0, #0 ; Initialize port 0 and accumulator
MOV A, #0
START:
INC A ; Increment A
MOV P0, A ; Send contents of A to port 0
DELAY:
MOV R0, #255 ; initialize R0 and R1 with 255
LOOP1:
MOV R1, #255
LOOP2:
DJNZ R1, LOOP2 ; decrement R1 and jump loop2 if
; not zero
DJNZ R0, LOOP1 ; decrement R0 and jump loop1 if
; not zero
JMP START
END ; Delay = ?
DELAY CALCULATION
DELAY:
MOV R0, #255 ; 1mc instruction
LOOP1:
MOV R1, #255 ; 1mc instruction
LOOP2:
DJNZ R1, LOOP2 ; 2mc instruction

DJNZ R0, LOOP1 ; 2mc instruction

1
1+1*255
1+1*255 +2*255*255
1+1*255 +2*255*255+2*255
(1+1*255 +2*255*255+2*255)*1.085 = 141,935.36 µ Sec
141,935.36 µ Sec = 141.96 mSec
NESTED LOOPS- EXAMPLE
Write a program to toggle all the bits of P1 every 200
ms (using nested loops). Assume that the crystal
frequency is 11.0592 MHz
200ms = 200 x 1000 = 200,000 µ Sec

As 1mc = 1.085 µ Sec


Therefore we need 200000/1.085 = 184,332mc

As DJNZ instruction take 2mc so we need a loop to


repeat 184332/2 = 92,166 times

As 92166 > 255 so we need nested loops


92166/255 = 361.4
As 361.4 > 255 so we need 3rd loop
361.4/2 = 180.7 ~ 180
NESTED LOOPS- EXAMPLE CONT…
Write a program to toggle all the bits of P1 every 200
ms (using nested loops). Assume that the crystal
frequency is 11.0592 MHz
ORG 0
MOV A, #55h
AGAIN:
MOV P1, A
MOV R5, #2
L1: MOV R4, #180
L2: MOV R3, #255
L3: DJNZ R3, L3
DJNZ R4, L2
DJNZ R5, L1
CPL A
SJMP AGAIN
NESTED LOOPS- EXAMPLE
Write a program to generate a square wave of 20Hz
frequency on P1.1 (using nested loops). Assume that
the crystal frequency is 11.0592 MHz

Time period = 1/freq = 1/20 = 0.05 sec


0.05s = 50 ms = 50 x 1000 = 50,000 µ Sec
On-time/ off-time = 50,000/2 = 25,000 µ Sec
As 1mc = 1.085 µ Sec
Therefore we need 25,000/1.085 = 23,041mc

As DJNZ instruction take 2mc so we need a loop to


repeat 23041/2 = 11,521 times

As 11,521 > 255 so we need nested loops


11,521 /255 = 45
NESTED LOOPS- EXAMPLE CONT…
Write a program to generate a square wave of 20Hz
frequency on P1.1 (using nested loops). Assume that
the crystal frequency is 11.0592 MHz
ORG 0
AGAIN:
CPL P1.1
MOV R5, #45
L1: MOV R4, #255
L2: DJNZ R4, L2
DJNZ R5, L1
SJMP AGAIN
END
NESTED LOOPS- EXERCISES

1. Write a program to toggle all the bits of P1


every 150 ms (using nested loops). Assume that
the crystal frequency is 11.0592 MHz
2. Write a program to generate a frequency of 4Hz
on P1.1. Crystal Frequency is 11.0592MHz
3. Write a program to generate a frequency of
80Hz on P1.6. Crystal frequency is 12MHz

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