CAPSTONE-REVIEWER

CAPSTONE REVIEWER
- the main purpose of a research proposal is to present and justify the need to conduct
the study, must also demonstrate originality and not just a repetition of previous studies.
- research proposal must be brief but coherent, and is done by describing the general
area of the study, summarizing related studies and connecting them to the present
problem, and explaining methods and research designs to be used.
Preliminary Pages – serve as the opening statement of a research proposal, consists

of title page and abstract.
Title page – contains title, names of authors and authors’ institutional affiliation.
- has a page header w/ title flushed left and page flushed right.
- a good research title should convey the scope of the study in the fewest words
possible, should not contain abbreviations/unnecessary words or phrases, and may be
modified until the finalization of the research paper. Called a Working Title during the
conduct of the study.
- punctuations, numbers, abbreviations should be avoided.
- American Psychological Association (APA) recommends that the research title
should be 10-12 words, and may exceed recommended length when necessary.
Abstract – provides summary of the research study, the first part that will be carefully
read.
- must provide introduction, present the problem, state method to be used, and give a
clear conclusion (for finished paper!!)
- should summarize the need to conduct the study, hypothesis, and the objectives.
4 Components: Intro, methods, results and discussion, conclusion.
- research proposals only include the first 2 components.
- abstract should contain 120-150 words, must focus on problems that the researcher
aims to answer, and method that will be used to provide the data needed.
A Good and Well-Written Abstract has the ff qualities:

- it is well developed, coherent, concise, and capable of standing alone, even
w/out other sections of the paper
- provides a logical connection among diff parts of the research proposal
- summarizes the research proposal
- it is comprehensible for a wide variety of audience.
Table of Contents – overview of the research paper, lists the chapter headings and
subheadings with corresponding page numbers.
Steps on how to create a table of contents in a doc:
- open a Microsoft word doc and click the references tab
- click the table of contents tab and select from a variety of built-in table formats
- click insert table of contents.
- below the print preview section, make sure there are check marks on the tick
boxes showing page numbers and aligning them to the right
- once u have chosen the number of levels, click OK and u will see a message
stating that no entries have been selected.
- next, go to the main body of the research paper and select the headings and
subheadings that u want to appear on ur table of contents.
- at the references tab, click add text drop-down arrow of the table of contents
section and select lvl 1. Repeat the step for the heading, but select lvl 2 this time
- go back to the part of the document where u placed the table of contents and
click update table
List of Tables, Figures, and Appendices

- go to the references tab, look for the insert table of figs in captions section, and click
insert caption tab and type the caption (changeable using the drop-down arrow)
Main Body – discusses research in detail

- first section is the introduction, which is regarded as the first chapter of the
research.
- main purpose of the intro is to present the research to the readers.
Goals of the Introduction:

- state the problems/issues that the research wants to address
- provide an overview of the existing literatures abt the present problem
- state the research questions, hypothesis, & overall intent of the research
- emphasize the relevance of research to society
- opening paragraph of the intro provides the initial impressions abt the logic of
arguments and the overall quality of the research through the literatures used; also
affects the validity of the methods used.
Background of the Study – describes subject of the research, discusses the problem
or gaps in previous research findings, introduces the variables that are relevant to the
research topic
- contains highlights of RRL, presents nature of the research, & justifies why the
research needs to be conducted.
Statement of the Problem (SOP) – main idea/central part of the research, definite and
clear description of the area of concern, current research results that need to be
improved, difficulties to be eliminated, & unsolved questions that exist in the scientific
literature/within that subject area
- does not offer propositions, only declares the problem.
Objectives of the Study – enumerates & explains what the study intends to
accomplish, consists of the research aim & the research objectives.
Research Aim/General Objective – main goal/overarching purpose of the research

and direct and written briefly, broad and introductory rather than specific, emphasizes
what needs to be accomplished
- often positioned at the beginning of the section, usually contains one research aim.
- research aim is followed by a series of statements called the research objectives.
Research Objectives/Specific Questions – indicates important issues that are to be

focused on a research, builds up the main goal stated by the research aim.
- unlike the research aim, the research objectives emphasize how the aim will be
accomplished.
Significance of the Study – contribution that the research paper will give upon
completing
- bases its implications from the statement of the problem and provides a solution for it.
- must be written in a manner that convinces the reader why the study is worth pursuing
- justifies why there is a need to conduct the research
Scope and Delim – enumerates the research location, subjects, instruments to be

used, analytical tools to be employed
- briefly states these factors to let the reader know the boundaries of the research
Definition of Terms – lists key terms mentioned in research proposal, defined to help
readers better understand the study
Conceptual Definition - based on how a term/concept is defined in dictionaries,

books, and encyclopedias
Operational Definition – based on how concept is used by the researcher in the study
RRL:
- an account/narrative that evaluates info related to research topic or area of study
- came from previous studies published in scholarly journals, should describe,
summarize, & analyze the literature
Purposes of the RRL:
- it provides context to the readers
- it shows where the research fits into the existing body of knowledge
- it justifies the research and guarantees that the study has not been done before
- it illustrates how the topic has been studied
- it highlights the flaws, outlines the gaps, and reveals inconsistencies of
previous studies
- it enables the researcher to learn from previous studies
- refines, refocuses, or sometimes changes the topic
- RRL is one of the most detailed parts of the research paper.
Outline – system used to create framework of written work, helps predict the structure
and flow of RRL, making sure that the ideas are connected to each other.
Steps in Creating and Outline:

- know the main idea of the research
- identify the main categories
- create the first category
- develop the outline by creating subcategories
Research Hypothesis – an assumption that offers a tentative explanation or answer to

the research problem or question, based on factual and scientific info gathered.
- Hypotheses are used to formulate a speculative outcome of a study or experiment
Characteristics of a Good Hypothesis:

- it contains both independent and dependent variables
- it provides the direction of the study
- it is testable and measurable
- it is clear and understandable
- it is falsifiable
Methodology – describes approaches use to systematically conduct the research,

provides the rationale of the application of specific techniques/protocols, allows readers
to critically assess the research’s overall validity, appropriate to the topic or not
The Final Pages of a Research Proposal
References – lists all references used in research prop, only applies to works cited
Bibliography – list of all literatures used in the study
Gantt Chart – popular and useful way to show and plan the activities that need to be
finished in a task or project
Upon Completion, the Task will allow you to see:

- the various activities needed;
- the timeframe of an activity;
- the order of all activities and how they overlap; and
- the beginning and the end date of the entire research
Steps in creating a Gantt Chart:

- define the research setting and methodology
- outline the available time to conduct the activities
- identify the order of tasks
- make the necessary adjustments and finalize the chart
- after finishing the gantt chart, always refer to it to know if the study is still on
track.
Budget Proposal – an essential factor for research to pursue is funds.

- without funding, finishing a good research will be extremely difficult
Direct Costs – directly involved in the accomplishment of the research

- almost absolute bcs prices of these items are publicly known and almost always
certain
ex: equipment, consumables (chemicals, disposable containers, etc.), fees for

laboratory analysis (if the author uses services from other laboratories)
Indirect Costs – supplemental, indirectly involved in completion of research,

sometimes difficult to ascertain.
ex: facility/lab fees, general supplies (tissue, water, soap, dishwashing liquid, etc.),
phone/internet fees, utilities and maintenance

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CAPSTONE REVIEWER

Preliminary Pages – serve as the opening statement of a research proposal, consists

A Good and Well-Written Abstract has the ff qualities:

List of Tables, Figures, and Appendices

Main Body – discusses research in detail

Goals of the Introduction:

Research Aim/General Objective – main goal/overarching purpose of the research

Research Objectives/Specific Questions – indicates important issues that are to be

Scope and Delim – enumerates the research location, subjects, instruments to be

Conceptual Definition - based on how a term/concept is defined in dictionaries,

- RRL is one of the most detailed parts of the research paper.

Steps in Creating and Outline:

Research Hypothesis – an assumption that offers a tentative explanation or answer to

- Hypotheses are used to formulate a speculative outcome of a study or experiment

Characteristics of a Good Hypothesis:

Methodology – describes approaches use to systematically conduct the research,

Upon Completion, the Task will allow you to see:

Steps in creating a Gantt Chart:

Budget Proposal – an essential factor for research to pursue is funds.

Direct Costs – directly involved in the accomplishment of the research

ex: equipment, consumables (chemicals, disposable containers, etc.), fees for

Indirect Costs – supplemental, indirectly involved in completion of research,

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