Trigonometry

Basic Knowledge
Essential Formulas:
বিবিন্ন ক োণের মোনঃ
1. sin2 + cos2 = 1
sin𝜃 = cos(900 -𝜃)
2. sin2 = 1 - cos2
cos𝜃 = sin(900 -𝜃)
3. cos2 = 1 - sin2
tan𝜃 = cot(900 -𝜃)
4. sec2 – tan2 = 1 cot𝜃 = tan(900 -𝜃)
5. sec2 = 1+ tan2 sec𝜃 = cosec(900 -𝜃)
6. tan2 = sec2 -1 cosec𝜃 = sec(900 -𝜃)
7. cosec2 – cot2 = 1
8. cosec2 = 1+ cot2 sin(-θ) = -sinθ
9. cot2 = cosec2 -1 cos(-θ) = cosθ
10. tan = = = tan(-θ) = -tanθ
cot(-θ) = -cotθ
11. cot = = =
sec(-θ) = secθ
12. sec = = = tan ×cosec cosec(-θ) = -cosecθ
13. cosec = = = cot ×sec
sin (180°- θ) = sinθ
14. sin2θ = 2 sinθcosθ = cos (180°- θ) = -cos θ
cosec (180°- θ) = cosec θ
15. cos2θ = 1 – 2sin2θ = cos2θ – sin2θ = sec (180°- θ)= -sec θ
16. tan2θ = tan (180°- θ) = -tan θ
17. sin3θ = 3sinθ – 4sin3θ cot (180°- θ) = -cot θ
18. cos3θ = 4cos3θ – 3cosθ
19. sin (A+B) = sinAcos B + cosAsinB
20. sin (A-B) = sinAcos B – cosAsinB
21. cos (A+B) = cosAcos B – sinAsinB
22. cos (A-B) = cosAcos B + sinAsinB ঄বিিুজ
লম্ব িূবম লম্ব
Sin𝜃 = ঄বিিুজ Cos𝜃 = ঄বিিুজ
লম্ব
Tan𝜃 = িূবম Cot𝜃 =
িূবম θ
লম্ব
঄বিিুজ ঄বিিুজ
Sec𝜃 = Cosec𝜃 = িূবম
িূবম লম্ব
 Trigonometry
0 0 0
Degrees 0 30 45 600 900 বিিরে
Radians 0

0 1 2 3 4 ০ কেণ ৪ ঩র্যন্ত ধোরোিোবি বলখুন

=0 = =1 সিগুণলো মোনণ ৪ দ্বোরো িোগ রুন

Sin √0 = 0 √ = √ = √ = √1 = 1 সিগুণলো মোনণ িগযমল

ূ রুন

Cos 1 0 Sin এর বি঩রীিিোণি মোনগুণলো

বলখুন
Tan 0 1 √3 Undefine tan = সূত্রোনুসোণর
d
Cot Undefine √3 1 0 tan এর বি঩রীিিোণি মোনগুণলো
d বলখুন
Sec 1 √2 2 Undefine sec = সূত্রোনুসোণর
d
Cosec Undefine 2 √2 1 Sec এর বি঩রীিিোণি মোনগুণলো
d বলখুন িো cosec =
সূত্রোনুসোণর

Learning Section
1. Prove that, tanθ + cotθ = secθ.cosecθ
Solution: sin2𝜃 + cos2𝜃 = 1
tanθ + cotθ = + cosec𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 sec𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

= = = × = secθ.cosecθ (Proved)

2. Proved that, + =1
Solution:
+ = +

= + = +

= + = +

= + = = = = 1(Proved)

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 Trigonometry
3. If tanθ+ sinθ = a and tanθ –sinθ = b, then prove that a2 – b2 = 4
Solution:
a2 – b2 = (tanθ+ sinθ)2 – (tanθ- sinθ)2
= 4.tanθ.sinθ [4ab = (a+b)2 –(a-b)2]
=4 [সমোধোণনর সুবিধোণেয এ ই সোণে িগয ও িগযমূল রো িণেণে]
= 4√ [cos2 = 1 - sin2 ]
=4
= 4√ [tan = ]
=4
= 4√ [(a2 – b2) = (a+b)(a-b)]
=4 (Proved)

4. If sin4θ + sin2θ = 1 then proved that tan4θ – tan2θ = 1

Solution:
sin4θ + sin2θ = 1
Or, sin4θ = 1- sin2θ Or, sin4θ = cos2θ
Or, = Or, tan4θ = = sec2θ
Or, tan θ = 1 + tan2θ
4
tan4θ – tan2θ = 1 (Proved)

5. Prove that √ = secθ - tanθ

Solution:
√ =√

=√ =√ = = - = secθ – tanθ (Proved)

6. Proved that (tanθ +secθ)2 =

Solution:
(tanθ +secθ)2 = ( + )2
=( )2 = = = = (Proved)

7. If cosA + sinA = √2cosA then proved that cosA –sinA = √2sinA

Solution:
cosA + sinA = √2cosA
Or, sinA = √2cosA –cosA Or, sinA = (√2-1)cosA

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 Trigonometry
Or, (√2+1)sinA = (√2+1)(√2-1)cosA
Or,√2sinA + sinA = {(√2)2 -12}cosA
Or,√2sinA + sinA = (2-1)cosA
cosA –sinA = √2sinA

8. If tanA = then find the value of .

Solution:
Given that,
tanA =
So, cotA = = = √3

( )
= = = = = = × = (Ans.)

9. Solve: 2cos2θ + 3sinθ -3 = 0

Solution:
2cos2θ + 3sinθ -3 = 0
Or, 2(1-sin2θ) -3+ 3sinθ = 0
Or, 2(1-sinθ)( 1+sinθ) -3(1- sinθ) = 0
Or, (1-sinθ)(2+2sinθ-3) = 0
(1-sinθ)(2sinθ-1) = 0
1-sinθ = 0 2sinθ-1 = 0
Or, sinθ = 1 Or, sinθ =
Or, sinθ = sin900 Or, sinθ = sin300
θ = 900 θ = 300
Ans: 900 Or 300
10. Solve: cos2θ –sin2θ = 2 -5cosθ, when θ<900
Solution:
cos2θ –sin2θ = 2 -5cosθ
Or, cos2θ –(1-cos2θ) = 2 -5cosθ
Or, cos2θ –1+cos2θ - 2 +5cosθ = 0
Or, 2cos2θ +5cosθ -3 = 0
Or, 2cos2θ +6cosθ -cosθ -3 = 0
Or, 2cosθ(cosθ+3) -1(cosθ +3) = 0
(cosθ +3)(2cosθ -1) = 0
2cosθ -1 = 0 cosθ +3 = 0
Or, 2cosθ = 1 Or, cosθ -3 [The value of cosθ cannot be less than -1]
Or, cosθ = = cos600
θ = 600 Ans: 600
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 Trigonometry
2
11. Solve: tan θ –(1+√3)tanθ +√3 = 0
Solution:
tan2θ –(1+√3)tanθ +√3 = 0
Or, tan2θ – tanθ -√3tanθ +√3 = 0
Or, tanθ(tanθ -1)-√3(tanθ -1) = 0
(tanθ -1)(tanθ-√3) = 0
tanθ -1 = 0 tanθ-√3 = 0
Or, tanθ = 1 = tan450 Or, tanθ = √3 = tan600
θ = 450 θ = 600
Ans: 450 Or 600

12. Find A and B, if both A and B are acute angles and cot(A+ B) = 1, cot(A- B) = √3.
[PKB Officer 21]
Solution:
Given that,
cot(A+ B) = 1 ….. (i)
cot(A- B) = √3 …..(ii)
From equation(i)
cot(A+ B) = 1
Or, cot(A+ B) = cot450 A + B = 450 …. (iii)
From equation(ii)
cot(A- B) = √3
Or, cot(A- B) = cot300 A- B = 300 …..(iv)
Now, (i)+(ii)=>
2A = 750 A= = 37
And, (i)-(ii)=>
2B = 150 B= =7
Ans: A = 37 and B = 7

13. A ladder 15 m long just reaches the top of a vertical wall. If the ladder makes an
angle of 60° with the ground, then the height of the wall is:
Solution:
Let AB is a wall and AC is the ladder 15 m long which makes an angle of 60° with the
ground.
∴ In ΔABC, ∠B = 90°
Let the height of wall, AB = h
As per question,
sinθ =
Or, sin600 =

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 Trigonometry
Or, = Or, 2h = 15√3 ∴h= m
∴ Height of the wall = m (Ans.)

14. The angle of depression of a point situated at a distance of 70m from the base of a
tower is 60°. The height of the tower is-
Solution: D
Let, length of the tower AB = h meter.
Here, ∠DAC = ∠ACB = 600
Given that, BC = 70 meters.
According to ABC
tan600 =
Or, √3 = h = 70√3
The height of the tower = 70√3 meters. (Ans.)

15. If a 1.5 m tall girl stands at a distance of 3 m from a lamp-post and casts a
shadow of length 4.5 m on the ground, then the height of the lamp-post is:
Solution:
Let AB is the girl and CD is lamp-post.
AB = 1.5 which casts her shadow EB
∴ EB = 4.5m, BD = 3m
According to AEB
tan =
tan = =
According to CDE
tan =
Or, tan =
Or, = Or, 3h = 7.5 h= = 2.5
The height of the lamp-post = 2.5m(Ans.)

16. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a certain point is 30°. If the
observed moves 20 m towards the tower, the angle of elevation of top of the tower
increases by 15°. The height of the tower is:
Solution:
Let AB be the tower and C and D be the points of observation.
Given that,
∠ACB = 30°, ∠ADB = (300+150) = 45° and CD = 20m
Let, AB = h
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 Trigonometry
According to BAC
tan450 =
Or, 1 = AC = h
According to BAD
tan300 =
Or, = =
Or, √3h = 20 +h Or, √3h - h = 20 Or, h(√3-1) = 20
h= = = = = 10(√3+1) = 10(1.73+1) = 27.3 m (Ans.)

17. Two ships are sailing in the sea on the two sides of a lighthouse. The angle of
elevation of the top of the lighthouse is observed from the ships are 30° and 45°
respectively. If the lighthouse is 100 m high, the distance between the two ships is:
[PKB EO 19]
Solution:
Given that, AD = 100m, ∠B = 450 and ∠C = 300 A
The distance between the two ships = BD + DC = BC
In ABD,
tan∠B =
100m
Or, tan450 = Or, 1 = [tan450 = 1]
BD = 100 m
450 300
Again, In ACD, B
tan∠C = C
D
Or, tan300 = Or, == [tan300 = ]
DC = 100 = 100×1.73 = 173
The distance between the two ships, BC = 100+173 = 273 m (Ans.)

18. D is a point on the side BC of a triangle ABC such that AD ⊥ BC, E is a point on
∠
AD for which AE: ED = 5: 1. If ∠BAD = 30° and = 6, then ∠ACB = ?
∠

Solution:
∠ABD = 1800 – 900 – 300 = 600 [ ∠BAD = 300]
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 Trigonometry
∠ = and ∠ = [tanθ = ]
According to the question,
∠
=6
∠
Or, × = 6 Or, × =6
∴ BD = DC
So, AB = AC
∴ ∠ACB = 600 (Ans.)
Note: In isosceles triangle altitude divides the opposite side in two equal parts.

19. On the same side of tower, two objects are located. Observed from the top of the
tower, their angles of depression are 45° and 60°. If the height of the tower is 150 m,
the distance between the objects is-
Solution:
Let AB be the tower and C and D be the objects.
Given that, AB = 150 m, ∠ACB = 45° and ∠ADB = 60°
According to BAD
tan600 =
Or, √3 = AD =
According to BAC
tan450 =
Or, 1 = Or, AD + CD = AB Or, + CD = 150
CD = 150 - = = × = = 50(3 –1.73)= 50×1.27 = 63.5m

20. A man on the top of a vertical observation tower observes a car moving at a
uniform speed coming directly towards it. If it takes 12 minutes for the angle of
depression to change from 30° to 45°, how soon after this will the car reach the
observation tower?
Solution:
Let AB be the tower and C and D be the two positions of the car.
Here, ∠ACB = 45°, ∠ADB = 30°
Let, AB = h, CD = x and AC = y
According to ABC
tan450 =
Or, 1 = y=h
According to BAD
tan300 =
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 Trigonometry
Or, = Or, = Or, x + y = √3h
Or, x + h = √3h x = √3h - h = h(√3 -1)

h(√3−1) unit covered in 12 min.

1 unit covered in min.
h unit covered in = = = = 16 min
Required time = 16 min(Ans.)

21. From the top of a tower, the angles of depression of two objects P and Q (situated
on the ground on the same side of the tower) separated at a distance of 100(3 - √3) m
are 45° and 60 ° respectively. The height of the tower is-
Solution:
Let, OP = a and TO = H
Given that, QP = 100(3 - √3) m
According to TOP
tan600 =
Or, √3 = H = √3a …(i)
According to TOQ
tan450 =
Or, 1 = =
√
Or, H = 100(3 - √3) + a Or, √3a = 100(3 - √3) + a [From equation (i)]
Or, √3a - a = 100(3 - √3) Or, a(√3 -1) = 100√3(√3-1)
a = 100√3
From equation (i)
H = 100√3×√3 = 300
The height of the tower = 300 m (Ans.)
22. On the same side of a tower, two objects are located. Observed from the top of the
tower, their angles of depression are 45° and 60°. If the height of the tower is 600 m,
the distance between the objects is approximately equal to:
Solution:
Let DC be the tower and A and B be the objects as shown above.
Given that,
DC = 600 m, ∠DAC = 45°, ∠DBC = 60°
According to DCB
tan600 =
√3 =

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 Trigonometry
BC =
According to DCA
tan450 =
Or, 1 = = Or, AB + BC = 600 Or, AB + = 600
AB = 600 - = = = = = 200(3-1.73)= 254m

23. Raju stands in a corner of his square farm. Angle of elevation of a scarecrow
placed in diagonally opposite corner is 60°. He starts walking backwards in a straight
line and after 80ft he realizes that angle of elevation of the scarecrow now is 30°.
What is area of the field?
Solution:
We know,
tan600 = √3
Or, = √3 PQ = √3QR
Again,
tan300 =
Or, = Or, =
Or, 80 + QR = √3PQ = √3×√3QR
Or, 80 + QR = 3QR Or, 3QR –QR = 80 Or, 2QR = 80
QR = = 40
Here, QR is a diagonal of the square farm.
We know,
Diagonal of square = √2×one side of the square
One side of the square =
Area = (one side of the square)2 = ( )2 = = 800 sq. ft.(Ans.)

Important questions for practice

1. Prove that, - =0

2. Prove that, + =1

3. If cot4θ – cot2θ = 1 then proved that cos4θ + cos2θ = 1

4. Prove that √ = cotθ + cosecθ

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 Trigonometry
5. Prove that + = 2cosecθ

6. Proved that = cotA.tanB

7. The value of - ?

8. A = এিং B = cot + cosec িণল, A2 – B2 এর মোন ি?

9. Solve: 2sin2θ + 3cosθ -3 = 0, when 00<θ<900

10. Solve: sinθ + cosθ = 1, when 00 θ 900

11. If cos (A+B) = and cos (A-B) = , 0°<(A+B)≤90° and A>B, find the values of A
and B. [Rupali Cash (Re-exam) 18]

12. The angle of elevation of a ladder leaning against a wall is 60º and the foot of the
ladder is 4.6 m away from the wall. The length of the ladder is:

13. An observer 1.6 m tall is 20√3 away from a tower. The angle of elevation from his
eye to the top of the tower is 30º. The height of the tower is:

14. A and B are standing on ground 50 meters apart. The angles of elevation for these
two to the top of a tree are 60° and 30°. What is height of the tree?

15. The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 200 m above a lake is 30° and the
angle of depression of its reflection in the lake is 60°. The height of the cloud is-

16. A man is watching from the top of tower a boat speeding away from the tower.
The boat makes an angle of depression of 45° with the man’s eye when at a distance
of 40 meters from the tower. After 5 seconds, the angle of depression becomes 30°.
What is the approximately speed of the boat, assuming that it is running in still
water?

17. When the sun's altitude changes from 30° to 60°, the length of the shadow of a
tower decreases by 70m. What is the height of the tower?

Answer:

7. 4 8. 0 9. 600 10. 900 Or 00

Exam Aid Bank Written Math (4th Edition) Page 707
 Trigonometry
11. A = 37 and B = 7 12. 9.2m 13. 21.6 m 14. 25√3
15. 200m 16. 31.5 km/h 17. 60.55 m

Solution of practice session

1. Prove that, - =0
Solution:
- =
= == = = 0 (Proved)

2. Prove that, + =1
Solution:
+ = +

= + = + = = 1 (Proved)

3. If cot4θ – cot2θ = 1 then proved that cos4θ + cos2θ = 1

Solution:
cot4θ – cot2θ = 1
Or, cot4θ = 1 + cot2θ
Or, = cosec2θ Or, ×sin4θ = ×sin4θ
Or, cos4θ = sin2θ Or, cos4θ = 1- cos2θ
cos4θ + cos2θ = 1(Proved)

4. Prove that √ = cotθ + cosecθ

Solution:
√ =√ =√ =√ = = + = +

= + × = + = cotθ + cosecθ (Proved)

5. Prove that + = 2cosecθ

Solution:
+ =

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 Trigonometry
= =
= = = 2cosecθ (Proved)

6. Proved that = cotA.tanB

Solution:
=

= = × = = cotA.tanB (Proved)

7. The value of - ?
Solution:
-
= 2[ × - × ]
= 2[ - ] [ cos600 = & sin600 = ]
= 2[ ]

= 4[ ] [cosAcosB –sinAsinB = cos(A+B)]

= 4[ ] = 4[ ]
= 4[ ] [cos(90-20)0 = sin200]
= 4 (Ans.)

8. A = এিং B = cot + cosec িণল, A2 – B2 এর মোন ি?

Solution:
Given that,
A=
= [cosec2 – cot2 = 1]
=
=
= cot + cosec
A2 – B2 = (cot + cosec )2 – (cot + cosec )2 = 0 (Ans.)

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 Trigonometry
9. Solve: 2sin θ + 3cosθ -3 = 0, when 00<θ<900
2

Solution:
2sin2θ + 3cosθ -3 = 0
Or, 2(1-cos2θ) + 3cosθ -3 = 0
Or, 2-2cos2θ + 3cosθ -3 = 0
Or, -2cos2θ + 3cosθ -1 = 0
Or, -(2cos2θ - 3cosθ +1) = 0
Or, 2cos2θ - 3cosθ +1 = 0 [Multiplying by (-1)]
Or, 2cos2θ - 2cosθ - cosθ +1 = 0
Or, 2cosθ(cosθ-1)-1(cosθ-1) = 0
(cosθ-1)(2cosθ -1) = 0

cosθ-1 = 0 2cosθ -1 = 0
Or, cosθ = 1 = cos00 Or, cosθ = = cos600
θ = 00 [Not accepted] θ = 600
Ans: 600

10. Solve: sinθ + cosθ = 1, when 00 θ 900

Solution:
sinθ + cosθ = 1
Or, (sinθ)2 = (1- cosθ)2 [Square on both sides]
Or, sin2θ = 12 – 2.1.cosθ + cos2θ
Or, 1-cos2θ = 1 - 2cosθ + cos2θ
Or, -2cosθ + cos2θ + cos2θ = 1-1
Or, 2cos2θ - 2cosθ = 0
Or, 2cosθ(cosθ -1) = 0
cosθ(cosθ -1) = 0

cosθ = 0 cosθ -1 = 0
Or, cosθ = cos900 Or, cosθ = 1 = 00
θ = 900 θ = 00
Ans: 900 Or 00

11. If cos (A+B) = and cos (A-B) = , 0°<(A+B)≤90° and A>B, find the values of A
and B. [Rupali Cash (Re-exam) 18]
Solution:
Given that,
cos (A+B) = Or, cos (A+B) = cos45o A+B = 45o ....... (i)
cos (A-B) = Or, cos (A-B) = cos30o A-B = 30o ....... (ii)

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 Trigonometry
(i)+ (ii) => 2A = 75o A= = 37
Putting the value of A in equation (i)
37 +B = 45o B = 450 - 37 = 7
Ans: A = 37 and B = 7 .

12. The angle of elevation of a ladder leaning against a wall is 60º and the foot of the
ladder is 4.6 m away from the wall. The length of the ladder is:
Solution:
Let AB be the wall and BC be the ladder.
Given that, ladder AC = 4.6m
As per question,
cos600 =
Or, =
∴ BC = 2×4.6 = 9.2 m
The length of the ladder = 9.2 m(Ans.)

13. An observer 1.6 m tall is 20√3 away from a tower. The angle of elevation from his
eye to the top of the tower is 30º. The height of the tower is:
Solution:
Let AB be the observer and CD be the tower.
Here, BE ⊥ CD
Then, CE = AB = 1.6m and BE = AC = 20√3m
According to DEB
tan300 =
Or, =
DE = 20
∴ CD = CE + DE = (1.6 + 20) m = 21.6 m(Ans.)

14. A and B are standing on ground 50 meters apart. The angles of elevation for these
two to the top of a tree are 60° and 30°. What is height of the tree?
Solution:
According to PQB
tan600 =
Or, √3 =
PQ = √3BQ ….(i)
According to PQA
tan300 =

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Or, = =
Or, 3BQ = 50 + BQ
Or, 3BQ – BQ = 50
Or, 2BQ = 50
BQ = 25
From equation (i)
PQ = 25√3
Height of the tree = 25√3(Ans.)

15. The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 200 m above a lake is 30° and the
angle of depression of its reflection in the lake is 60°. The height of the cloud is-
Solution:
Let, AC = H m and OA = a m. So, RA = H +200 +200
According to CAO
tan300 =
Or, =
a = √3H
According to RCO
tan600 =
Or, √3 = Or, √3 =
Or, 3H = H + 400 Or, 3H –H = 400
Or, 2H = 400
H = 200
Height of cloud above lake = 200+200 m = 400m (Ans.)

16. A man is watching from the top of tower a boat speeding away from the tower.
The boat makes an angle of depression of 45° with the man’s eye when at a distance
of 60 meters from the tower. After 5 seconds, the angle of depression becomes 30°.
What is the approximately speed of the boat, assuming that it is running in still
water?
Solution:
Let AB be the tower and C and D be the two positions of the boats.
Then, ∠ACB = 45°, ∠ADB = 30° and AC = 60 m
Let, AB = h
According to BAC
tan450 =
Or, 1 =
h = 60
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 Trigonometry
According to BAD
tan300 =
Or, = =
Or, 60 + DC = √3h DC = 60√3 – 60 = 60(√3-1)
Boat’s speed =
= m/s= 12(1.73-1) = 12×0.73 m/s = 12×0.73× km/h = 31.5 km/h

17. When the sun's altitude changes from 30° to 60°, the length of the shadow of a
tower decreases by 70m. What is the height of the tower?
Solution:
Let AD be the tower, BD be the initial shadow and CD be the final shadow.
Given that,
BC = 70 m, ∠ABD = 30°, ∠ACD = 60°,
Let CD = x, AD = h
According to ADC
tan600 =
Or, √3 = h = √3x …(i)
According to ADB
tan300 =
Or, = = = [From equation (i)]
Or, 3x = 70 + x
Or, 3x –x = 70 Or, 2x = 70 x = 35
From equation (i)
h = √3×35 = 35×1.73 = 60.55
The height of the tower = 60.55 m (Ans.)

Exam Aid Bank Written Math (4th Edition) Page 713