DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

Specialization: Business Analytics

Course Code : 205 BA Course Name: Business Analytics using R Programming

MCQ

Unit 1: Business Analytics Basics

Sr Question Answer
No
1 Which of these measures are used to analyse the central tendency of data? B
a. Mean and Normal Distribution
b. Mean, Median and Mode
c. Mode, Alpha & Range
d. Standard Deviation, Range and Mean

2 Five numbers are given: (5, 10, 15, 5, 15). Now, what would be the sum of D
deviations of individual data points from their mean?
A) 10 B)25 C) 50 D) 0
3 A test is administered annually. The test has a mean score of 150 and a A
standard deviation of 20. If Ravi’s z-score is 1.50, what was his score on the
test?
A) 180 B) 130 C) 30 D) 150

4 Business intelligence (BI) is a broad category of application programs which A

includes
a) Decision support b) Data mining c) OLAP d) All of the mentioned
5 Point out the correct statement. A
a) OLAP is an umbrella term that refers to an assortment of software
applications for analyzing an organization’s raw data for intelligent decision
making
b) Business intelligence equips enterprises to gain business advantage from
data
c) BI makes an organization agile thereby giving it a lower edge in today’s
evolving market condition
d) None of the mentioned
6 BI can catalyze a business’s success in terms of D
a) Distinguish the products and services that drive revenues
b) Rank customers and locations based on profitability
c) Ranks customers and locations based on probability
d) All of the mentioned
7 Which of the following areas are affected by BI? D
a) Revenue b) CRM c) Sales d) All of the mentioned
8 Business intelligence (BI) is a broad category of application programs which D
includes
a) Decision support b) Data mining c) OLAP d) All of the mentioned

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9 Which of the following measures of central tendency will always change if a A

single value in the data changes?
A) Mean B) Median C) Mode D) All of these
10 Strong assessment items are made up of five elements: A
a) Standard b) Stimulus c) Stem d) Key
11 A good question is ---------------- It focuses on recall of only the material covered B
in your lesson and aligns well with the overall learning objectives
a) relevant. b) clear c) concise d) purpose
12 A good question is framed in a ---------- , easily understandable language, A
without any vagueness. Students should understand what is wanted from the
question even when they don’t know the answer to it.
a) clear
b) relevant
c) concise
d) purpose
13 A good question is usually crisp and ------- --. It omits any unnecessary A
information that requires students to spend time understanding it correctly.
The idea is not to trick learners but assess their knowledge.
a) concise
b) clear
c) relevant
d) purpose
14 1. programming language is a dialect of S. C
a) B
b) C
c) R
d) K
15 Point out the WRONG statement? C
a) Early versions of the S language contain functions for statistical modeling
b) The book Programming with Data by John Chambers documents S version of
the language
c) In 1993 Bell Labs gave StatSci (later Insightful Corp.) an exclusive license to
develop and sell the S language
d) The book Programming with Data by IBM documents S version of the
language
16 In 1991, R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman in the Department D
of Statistics at the University of
a) John Hopkins
b) California
c) Harvard
d) Auckland

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17 Point out the wrong statement? A

a) R is a language for data analysis and graphics
b) K is language for statistical modelling and graphics
c) One key limitation of the S language was that it was only available in a
commercial package, S-PLUS
d) C is a language for data and graphics
18 Business analytics results in which of these? D
a. Evidence Based Decisions
b. Data Driven Decisions
c. Better Decisions
d. All of these are correct
19 Which one of the following is not a type of Business Analytics? D
a. Descriptive Analytics
b. Diagnostic Analytics
c. Predictive Analytics
d. Performance Analytics
20 What will be the output of the following R code snippet? D
> paste("a", "b", se = ":")

a) “a+b”
b) “a=b”
c) “a b :”
d) none of the mentioned
21 Point out the correct statement? D
a) In R, a function is an object which has the mode function
b) R interpreter is able to pass control to the function, along with arguments that
may be necessary for the function to accomplish the actions that are desired
c) Functions are also often written when code must be shared with others or the
public
d) All of the mentioned
22 The function returns a list of all the formal arguments of a function. A
a) formals()
b) funct()
c) formal()
d) fun()
23 What will be the output of the following R code snippet? A
> f <- function(num = 1) {
+ hello <- "Hello, world!\n"

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+ for(i in seq_len(num)) {
+ cat(hello)
+ }
+ chars <- nchar(hello) * num
+ chars
+}
> f()

a)
Hello, world!
[1] 14
b) Hello,
world![1] 15
c) Hello,
world![1] 16
d) Error
24 Point out the wrong statement? A
a) A formal argument can be a symbol, a statement of the form ‘symbol =
expression’, or the special formal argument
b) The first component of the function declaration is the keyword function
c) The value returned by the call to function is not a function
d) Functions are also often written when code must be shared with others or the
public
25 You can check to see whether an R object is NULL with the function. A
a) is.null()
b) is.nullobj()
c) null()
d) as.nullobj()
26 Which of the following code will print NULL? A
a) > args(paste)
b) > arg(paste)
c) > args(pastebin)
d) > arg(bin)

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27 What will be the output of the following R code snippet? A

> paste("a", "b", sep = ":")
a) “a+b”
b) “a=b”
c) “a:b”
d) a*b
What will be the output of the following R code snippet? A
28 > f <- function(a, b) {
+ print(a)
+ print(b)
+}
> f(45)
a) 32
b) 42
c) 52
d) 45
29 What will be the output of the following R code snippet? A
> f <- function(a, b) {
+ a^2
+}
> f(2)
a) 4
b) 3
c) 2
d) 5
30 Which of the following is a base package for R language? C
a) util
b) lang
c) tools
d) All of the above
31 R comes with a to help you optimize your code and improve its performance. A
a) Debugger
b) Monitor
c) Profiler
d) None of the above
32 debug() flags a function for mode in R mode. B
a) debug
b) run
c) compile
d) None of the above

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33 suspends the execution of a function wherever it is called and puts the function C
in debug mode

a) recover()
b) browser()
c) Both of the above
d) None of the above
34 A matrix is dimensionsinal rectangular data set? D

a) 5
b) 4
c) 3
d) 2

The function takes a vector or other objects and splits it into groups determined B
by a factor or list of factors.

a) apply()
b) split()
c) isplit()
d) mapply()
35
lapply function takes arguments in R language C

a) 1
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
36
is used to apply a function over subsets of a vector D
a) apply()
37 b) lapply()
c) mapply()
d) tapply()

38 applies a function over the margins of an array A

a) apply()
b) lapply()
c) tapply()
d) mapply()

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function is same as lapply() in R C

b) apply()
c) lapply()
d) sapply()
39 e) tapply()
loop over a list and evaluate a function on each element A
a) apply()
b) lapply()
c) sapply()
40
d) tapply()
is proprietary tool for predictive analytics. B
a) R
b) SAS
c) SSAS
41 d) SPSS
Data frames can be converted to a matrix by calling data. C

a) matr()
b) mat()
c) matrix()
d) None of the above

42
Which of the following method make a vector of repeated values? B
a) rep()
b) data()
43 c) view()
d) None of the above

R objects can have attributes, which are like for the object A
a) metadata
b) features
c) expressions
d) None of the above
44
Attributes of an object (if any) can be accessed using the function. C
a) objects()
b) attrib()
c) attributes()
d) None of the above
45

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involves predicting a response with meaningful magnitude, such as quantity A

sold, stock price, or return on investment.

a) Regression
b) Clustering
c) Summarization
46
provides needed string operators in R C

a) str
b) forcast
c) stringr
47
splits a data frame and results in an array (hence the da). Hopefully, you’re B
getting the idea here.

a) apply
b) daply
c) stats
48
System.time function returns an object of class which contains two useful bits C
of information.

a) debug_time
b) procedure_time
c) proc_time
49
Which of the following will start the R program? A

a) $R
50 b) &R
c) Rb
d) None of the above

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Unit 2 : Analytical Decision Making

The third step in decision making process is C
a linear predictions
b dependent predictions
c making predictions
1 d independent predictions
The decision making step, which consists of organization goals, predicting C
alternatives and communicating goals is called
a organization
b alternation
c planning
2 d valuing
The fourth step in decision making process is B
a linear correlation
b making decisions
c implement decisions
3 d evaluate performance
The costs that behaves as irrelevant costs in process of decision making are A
classified as
a past costs
b future costs
4 c expected costs
d sunk costs
Which of these is not a topic covered in a typical Business Analyst Aptitude D
Test?
a. Analytical Thinking c. Data Interpretation
5 b. Listening Skills d. Risk Management
If the test should be 30 minutes, Analytical Thinking is taken in how many C
minutes?
a. 5 c. 10
6 b. 7 d. 15
Primary objective of a business analyst is to help businesses implement B
a. Business systems
b. Business solutions
c. Technology systems
7 d. Technology solutions
Which business professional performs cost-benefit analyses of existing and C
8 potential customers
a) Marketer b) Financial Analyst c) Business Analyst d) Sales Representative

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9 1. A Use Case is a set of steps, typically defining interactions between a role, A

True of False
a. True
b. False
Any fact that the solution can assume to be true when the use case begins is C
what?

a. A win
b. A Failure
c. A success

10 d. A Precondition
A State Diagram is used for what? D
a. Which Events cause a transition between states
b. Which events cause a success between states
c. Allowable behaviour
11 d, All
A Solution Requirement is comprised of two types of requirements what are A
they?
a, Functional
b. Hard
c. Existing
12 d. Non-Functional
Which of the following is used for Statistical analysis in R language? B
a) Studio
b) RStudio
13 c) Heck
d) None of the above

R functionality is divided into a number of A

a) Packages
b) Functions
c) Domains
d) None of the above
14
Which of the following is an example of vectorized operation as far as subtraction is B
concerned?
> x <- 1:4
> y <- 6:9
a) x+y
b) x-y
c) x/y
15 d) x*y

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16 What would be the output of the following code? A

> x <- 1:4
> y <- 6:9
> z <- x + y
>z
a) 7 9 11 13
b) 7 9 11 13 14
c) 9 11 13
d) Null
What would be the output of the following code? A
17 > x <- 1:4
>x>2
a) FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE
b) 1 2 3 4
c) 1 2 3 4 5
18 What would be the value of the following expression? A
log(-1)
a) Warning in log(-1): NaNs produced
b) 1
c) Null
d) 0
19 What will be the output of the following code? D
> g <- function(x) {
+ a <- 3
+ x+a+y
c
+ ## 'y' is a free variable
+}
> g(2)

a) 8
b) 9
c) 42
d) d) Error

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20 What will be the output of the following code? C

function(p) {

params[!fixed] <- p

mu <- params[1]

sigma <- params[2]

## Calculate the Normal density

a <- -0.5*length(data)*log(2*pi*sigma^2)

b <- -0.5*sum((data-mu)^2) / (sigma^2)

-(a + b)
}
> ls(environment(nLL))

a) “data” “fixed” “param”

b) “data” “variable” “params”
c) “data” “fixed” “params”
d) None of the above
Which of the following is a principle of analytic graphics? D
21 a) Don’t plot more than two variables at at time
b) Make judicious use of color in your scatterplots
c) Show box plots (univariate summaries)
d) Show causality, mechanism, explanation

R is an programming language? C
a) Closed source
b) GPL
c) Open source
22 d) Definite sourc

Who developed R? A
a) Dennis Ritchie
b) John Chambers
c) Bjarne Stroustrup
d) Bill Gates
23

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24 R was named partly after the first names of R authors? B

a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
25 Packages are useful in collecting sets into a unit ? C
a) Single
b) Multiple
26 Many quantitative analysts use R as their tool? D
a) Leading tool
b) Programming tool
c) Both the above
d) None of the above
27 Predictive analysis is the branch of analysis? B
a) Advanced
b) Core
c) Both the above
d) None of the above
28 is used to make predictions about unknown future events? C

a) Descriptive analysis
b) Predicitive analysis
c) Both the above
d) None of the above
29 How many steps does the predictive analysis process contained? D
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 8

30 Descriptive analysis tell about ? A

a) Past
b) Present
c) Future

31 How many types of R objects are present in R data type? C

a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7

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32 How many types of data types are present in R? A

a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7
33 Which of the following is a primary tool for debugging? B
a) debug()
b) trace()
c) browser()
d) None of the above
34 Which function is used to create the vector with more than one element? C
a) Library()
b) plot()
c) c()
d) par()
35 In R every operation has a call? A
a) System
b) Function
c) None of the above
d) Both of the above
36 The in R is a vector. b
a) Basic data structure
b) Basic datatypes
c) Both
d) None of the above
R is an interpreted language so it can access through ? C
37 a) Disk operating system
b) User interface operating system
c) Operating system
d) Command line interpreter

38 Vectors come in two parts and . A

a) Atomic vectors and matrix
b) Atomic vectors and array
c) Atomic vectors and list
d) None of the above
39 How many types of atomic vectors are present? C
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6

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How many types of vertices functions are peresent? B

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
40
and are types of matrices functions? C

a) Apply and sapply

b) Apply and lapply
c) Both

41
How many control statements are present in R? A

a) 6
b) 7
c) 8
d) 9
42
43 Which of the following finds the maximum value in the vector x, exclude missing b
values

a) rm(x)
b) all(x)
c) max(x, na.rm=TRUE)
d) x%in%y
44 Which of the following sort dataframe by the order of the elements in B A

a) a.x[rev(order(x$B)),]
b) b.x[ordersort(x$B),
c) c.x[order(x$B),]
d) None of the above

45 initiates an infinite loop right from the start. B

a) Never
b) Repeat
c) Break
d) Set
46 is used to skip an iteration of a loop. A
a) Next
b) Skip
c) Group
d) None of the above

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47 programming language is a dialect of S. A

a) B
b) C
c) D
d) S
48 In 1991, R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman in the Department of A
Statistics at the University of .Auckland
a) Harvard
b) California
c) John Hopkins
d) Dannies Rithie
49 Finally, in R version 1.0.0 was released to the public. D
a) 2000
b) 2005
c) 2010
d) 2012
50 R is technically much closer to the Scheme language than it is to the original C
language.
a) B
b) S
c) C
d) C++

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Unit-3 : Fundamentals of R

They primary R system is available from the C

a) CRAN
b) CRWO
c) GNU
d) CRDO
1
Point out the wrong statement? D
a) Key feature of R was that its syntax is very similar to S
b) R runs only on Windows computing platform and operating system
c) R has been reported to be running on modern tablets, phones, PDAs, and
game consoles
2 d) R functionality is divided into a number of Packages
R functionality is divided into a number of A
a) Packages
b) Functions
c) Domains
3 d) Classes
Which Package contains most fundamental functions to run R? A
a) root
b) child
c) base
4 d) parent
Which language is best for the statistical environment? B
a) C
b) R
c) Java
5 d) Python
In order to use the R-related functionality in Dundas BI, you must have D
access to an existing
a) Console
b) Terminal
c) Packages
6 d) R serve
The open source software is available for Unix, Linux, and Windows A
7 platforms.
a) Rserve
b) BServe
c) CServe
d) Dserve

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8 Modification in Dundas BI is done A

a) Directly
b) Indirectly
c) Need access to Server
d) Not known
9 Is It possible to inspect the source code of R? A
a) Yes
b) No
c) Can’t say
d) Some times
10 function is used to watch for all available packages in library. D
a) lib()
b) fun.lib()
c) libr()
d) library()
11 The longer programs are called D
a) Files
b) Structures
c) Scripts
d) Data
12 Scripts will run on A
a) Script Editors
b) Console
c) Terminal
d) GCC Compiler
What will be the output of the following R function? A
ab <- list(1, 2, 3, "X", "Y", "Z")
dim(ab) <- c(3,2)
print(ab)
a. 123
Xyz
13 b. Error
c. Xyz123
d. 123xyz
What is the meaning of the following R function? A
14 x <- c(4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6)
x <- as.factor(x)
a) x becomes a factor
b) x is a factor
c) x does not exist
d) x is not a vector

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What is the meaning of the following R function? B

15 print( sqrt(2) )
a) 1.414314
b) 1.414214
c) Error
d) 14.1414
What will be the output of the following R function? C
16 d <- date()
a) Prints todays date
b) Prints some date
c) Prints exact present time and date
d) Error
Which of the following commands will correctly read the above csv file with B
17
5 rows in a dataframe?
A) csv(‘Dataframe.csv’)
B) csv(‘Dataframe.csv’,header=TRUE)
C) dataframe(‘Dataframe.csv’)
D) csv2(‘Dataframe.csv’,header=FALSE,sep=’,’)

18 R functionality is divided into a number of A

a) Packages
b) Functions
c) Domains
d) None of the above
19 The iris dataset has different species of flowers such as Setosa, Versicolor and B
Virginica with their sepal length. Now, we want to understand the distribution of
sepal length across all the species of flowers. One way to do this is to visualise this
relation through the graph shown below.

Which function can be used to produce the graph shown above?

A) xyplot()
B) stripplot()
C) barchart()
D) bwplot()
20 Which of the following command will help us to replace every instance of C
Delhi with Delhi_NCR in the following character vector?
C<-c(“Delhi is”,”a great city.”,”Delhi is also”,”the capital of India.”)
A) gsub(“Delhi”,”Delhi_NCR”,C)
B) sub(“Delhi”,”Delhi_NCR”,C)
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

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21 Which of the following commands will split the plotting window into 4 X 3 B
windows and where the plots enter the window column wise.
A) par(split=c(4,3))
B) par(mfcol=c(4,3))
C) par(mfrow=c(4,3))
D) par(col=c(4,3))
22 Which of the following command will help us to rename the second column in D
a dataframe named “table” from alpha to beta?
A) colnames(table)[2]=’beta’
B) colnames(table)[which(colnames==’alpha’)]=’beta’
C) setnames(table,’alpha’,’beta’)
D) All of the above
23 A majority of work in R uses systems internal memory and with large C
datasets, situations may arise when the R workspace cannot hold all the R
objects in memory. So removing the unused objects is one of the solution.
Which of the following command will remove an R object / variable named
“santa” from the workspace?
A) remove(santa)
B) rm(santa)
C) Both
D) None

24 “dplyr” is one of the most popular package used in R for manipulating data D
and it contains 5 core functions to handle data. Which of the following is not
one of the core functions of dplyr package?
A) select()
B) filter()
C) arrange()
D) summary()

25 Sometimes as a Data Scientist working on textual data we come across C

instances where we find multiple occurrences of a word which is unwanted.
Below is one such string.
A<-c("I can use because thrice in a sentence because because is a special word.")
A) gsub(“because”,”since”,A)
B) sub(“because”,”since”,A
C) regexec(“because”,”since”,A)
D) None of the above
26 Imagine a dataframe created through the following code. A
Which of the following command will help us remove the duplicate rows
based on both the columns?
A) df[!duplicated(df),]
B) unique(df)
C) dplyr::distinct(df)
D) All of the above

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27 Which language is best for the statistical environment? B

a) C
b) R
c) Java
d) Python
28 R has many functions regarding _______ D
a) Statistics, Biotechnology
b) Probability, Microbiology
c) Distributions, Physics
d) Statistics, Probability, Distributions
29 A _______________ is a variable that holds one value at a time. A
a) Scalar variable
b) Duplex
c) High
d) Vector
30 Files containing R scripts ends with extension ____________ B
a) .S
b) .R
c) .Rp
d) .SP
31 _______ will divert all subsequent output from the console to an external file. A
a) sink
b) div
c) exp
d) exc
32 The entities that R creates and manipulates are known as ________ A
a) objects
b) task
c) container
d) packages
33 Collection of objects currently stored in R is called as ________________ B
a) package
b) workspace
c) list
d) task

34 What will be the output of the following R function? C

d <- date()
d
a) Prints todays date
b) Prints some date
c) Prints exact present time and date
d) Error

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35 What will be the output of the following R function? A

nchar()
a) no. of characters
b) first 5 characters
c) last 5 characters
d) Does not exist
36 What will be the output of the following R function? B
Sys.Date()
a) Tomorrow date
b) Present date
c) Some date
d) Yesterday date
37 R has how many atomic classes of objects? D
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 5
38 Numbers in R are generally treated as _______ precision real numbers. B
a) single
b) double
c) real
d) imaginary
39 Which of the following can be considered as object attribute? D
a) dimensions
b) class
c) length
d) all of the mentioned
40 _______ function returns a vector of the same size as x with the elements arranged A
in increasing order.
a) sort()
b) orderasc()
c) orderby()
d) sequence()
41 What will be the output of the following R code? C
> sqrt(-17)
a) -4.02
b) 4.02
c) NaN
d) 3.67
42 Which of the following is used for reading in saved workspaces? B
a) unserialize
b) load
c) get
d) set

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43 ________ is used for outputting a textual representation of an R object. A

a) dput
b) dump
c) dget
d) dset
44 Which of the following argument denotes if the file has a header line? A
a) header
b) sep
c) file
d) footer
45 Which of the following function is identical to read .table? A
a) read.csv
b) read.data
c) read.tab
d) read.del
46 Point out the wrong statement? C
a) The grammar of the language determines whether an expression is complete or
not
b) The <- symbol is the assignment operator in R
c) The ## character indicates a comment
d) R does not support multi-line comments or comment blocks
47 Point out the wrong statement? B
a) : operator is used to create integer sequences
b) The numbers in the square brackets are part of the vector itself
c) There is a difference between the actual R object and the manner in which that
R object is printed to the console
d) Files containing R scripts ends with extension .R
48 What will be the output of the following R function? D
paste("Everybody", "is", “a” , "warrior")
a) “Everybody”, “is”, “a” , “warrior”
b) Everybody is a warrior
c) Everybody”, “is”, “a” , “warrior
d) “Everybody is a warrior”
49 ___________ hosts many add-on packages that can be used to extend the A
functionality of R.
a) CRAN
b) GNU
c) R studio
d) 450
50 R runs on the ____________ operating system. D
a) Linux
b) Windows
c) Ubuntu
d) Any operating system

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Unit - 4 : Data types & Data Structures in R

1 Accessing elements is achieved through a process called ________ A
a) Indexing
b) Outdexing
c) Highlighting
d) Scrapping
2 Which are indexed by either row or column using a specific name or number? B
a) Datasets
b) Data frames
c) Data
d) Functions
3 What should we use to access elements with a value greater than five? A
a) Subsetting commands
b) Use functions
c) Packages
d) Interfaces
4 Lists can be created using the _______ function. D
a) Matrix.li
b) Matrix.lists
c) Lists.matric
d) List
5 R is an programming language? C
a) Closed source
b) GPL
c) Open source
d) Definite source
6 .Solve A
varx<-23, 34->vary
print(varx+vary)
a. 57
b. 2334
c. 3423
d. 66
7 find the output B
varx<-23, 34->vary
print(varx == vary)
a. True
b. False
c. None of the above
d. Error
8 Below, we have represented six data points on a scale where vertical lines on scale C
represent unit. Which of the following line represents the mean of the given data
points, where the scale is divided into same units?
A) A B) B C) C D) D
9 If a positively skewed distribution has a median of 50, which of the following E
statement is true?
A) Mean is greater than 50
B) Mean is less than 50

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10 Which of the following is a possible value for the median of the below distribution? B
A) 32
B) 26
C) 17
D) 40
11 Which of the following statements are true about Bessels Correction while calculating C
a sample standard deviation?
Bessels correction is always done when we perform any operation on a sample data.
Bessels correction is used when we are trying to estimate population standard
deviation from the sample.
Bessels corrected standard deviation is less biased.
A) Only 2
B) Only 3
C) Both 2 and 3
D) Both 1 and 3

If the variance of a dataset is correctly computed with the formula using (n – 1) in the A
12 denominator, which of the following option is true?
A) Dataset is a sample
B) Dataset is a population
C) Dataset could be either a sample or a population
D) Dataset is from a census
E) None of the above
13 What would be the critical values of Z for 98% confidence interval for a two-tailed test A
?
A) +/- 2.33
B) +/- 1.96
C) +/- 1.64
D) +/- 2.55
14 Studies show that listening to music while studying can improve your memory. To D
demonstrate this, a researcher obtains a sample of 36 college students and gives them
a standard memory test while they listen to some background music. Under normal
circumstances (without music), the mean score obtained was 25 and standard
deviation is 6. The mean score for the sample after the experiment (i.e With music) is
28.
What is the null hypothesis in this case?
A) Listening to music while studying will not impact memory.
B) Listening to music while studying may worsen memory.
C) Listening to music while studying may improve memory.
D) Listening to music while studying will not improve memory but can make it worse.

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 DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

15 Studies show that listening to music while studying can improve your memory. To B
demonstrate this, a researcher obtains a sample of 36 college students and gives them
a standard memory test while they listen to some background music. Under normal
circumstances (without music), the mean score obtained was 25 and standard
deviation is 6. The mean score for the sample after the experiment (i.e With music) is28.
What would be the Type I error?
A) Concluding that listening to music while studying improves memory, and it’s right.
B) Concluding that listening to music while studying improves memory when it
actually doesn’t.
C) Concluding that listening to music while studying does not improve memory but it
does.
D) None of the above
Studies show that listening to music while studying can improve your memory. To B
16 demonstrate this, a researcher obtains a sample of 36 college students and gives them
a standard memory test while they listen to some background music. Under normal
circumstances (without music), the mean score obtained was 25 and standard
deviation is 6. The mean score for the sample after the experiment (i.e With music) is
After performing the Z-test, what can we conclude ?
A) Listening to music does not improve memory.
B)Listening to music significantly improves memory at p
C) The information is insufficient for any conclusion.
D) None of the above
17 A researcher concludes from his analysis that a placebo cures AIDS. What type of error D
is he making?
A) Type 1 error
B) Type 2 error
C) None of these. The researcher is not making an error.
D) Cannot be determined

18 What happens to the confidence interval when we introduce some outliers to the data? B
A) Confidence interval is robust to outliers
B) Confidence interval will increase with the introduction of outliers.
C) Confidence interval will decrease with the introduction of outliers.
D) We cannot determine the confidence interval in this case
19 A medical doctor wants to reduce blood sugar level of all his patients by altering their B
diet. He finds that the mean sugar level of all patients is 180 with a standard deviation
of 18. Nine of his patients start dieting and the mean of the sample is observed to 175.
Now, he is considering to recommend all his patients to go on a diet.
Note: He calculates 99% confidence interval.
What is the standard error of the mean?
A) 9
B) 6
C) 7.5
D) 18

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 DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

20 --------------is function in R to get number of observation in a data frame D

a) n( )
b) ncol( )
c) nobs( )
d) nrow( )

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 DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

21 A key property of vectors in R language is that D

a. A vector cannot have attributes like dimensions
b. Elements of a vector can be of different classes
c. Elements of a vector can only be a character or numeric
d. Elements of a vector all must be of the same class
The definition of free software consists of four freedoms (freedoms 0 through 3). D
Which of the following is NOT one of the freedoms that are part of the definition?

a. The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs.
b. The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to
the public, so that the whole community benefits.
c. The freedom to run the program, for any purpose.
d. The freedom to sell the software for any price.
22
Point out the correct statement : C

a) Blocks are evaluated until a new line is entered after the closing brace
b) Single statements are evaluated when a new line is typed at the start of the
syntactically complete statement
c) The if/else statement conditionally evaluates two statements
d) All of the mentioned
23
Which will be the output of following code ? C
x-3
switch(6, 2+2, mean(1:10), rnorm(5))

a) 10
b) 1
c) NULL
d) All of the mentioned
24
25 is used to continue an iteration of a loop. A

a) next
b) skip
c) group
d) All of the mentioned

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 DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

26 Point out the correct statement : D

a) R has a number of ways to indicate to you that something’s not right

b) Executing any function in R may result in the condition
“condition” is a generic concept for indicating that something unexpected
has occurred
d) All of the mentioned
27 . Which of the following is primary tool for debugging? A

a) debug()
b) trace()
c) browser()
d) All of the mentioned
28 Point out the correct statement : A

a) Vectorizing the function can be accomplished easily with the Vectorize()

function
b) There are different levels of indication that can be used, ranging from mere
notification to fatal error
c) Vectorizing the function can be accomplished easily with the vector()
function
d) None of the mentioned
29 Functions are defined using the directive and are stored as R objects A

a) function()
b) funct()
c) functions()
d) All of the mentioned

The function returns a list of all the formal arguments of a function A

a) formals()
b) funct()
c) formal()
d) All of the mentioned
30
31 Which of the following is multivariate version of apply? D

a) apply()
b) lapply()
c) sapply()
d) mapply()

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 DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

32 Point out the correct statement : C

a) split() takes elements of the list and passes them as the first argument of the
function you are applying
b) You can use tsplit() to evaluate a function single time each with a same
Argument
c) Sequence of operations is sometimes referred to as “map-reduce”
d) None of the mentioned
A function, together with an environment, makes up what is called a B
33 closure.

a) formal
b) function
c) reflective
d) All of the mentioned
34 The function is used to plot negative likelihood. A

a) plot()
b) graph()
c) graph.plot()
d) None of the mentioned

35 Which of the following is apply function in R?

a) apply() B
b) tapply()
c) fapply()
d) rapply()
36 Point out the wrong statement? A
a) Functions in R are “second class objects”
b) The writing of a function allows a developer to create an interface to the code,
that is explicitly specified with a set of parameters
c) Functions provides an abstraction of the code to potential users
d) Writing functions is a core activity of an R programmer
37 The __________ function returns a list of all the formal arguments of a function. A
a) formals()
b) funct()
c) formal()
d) fun()
38 You can check to see whether an R object is NULL with the _________ function. A
a) is.null()
b) is.nullobj()
c) null()
d) as.nullobj()
40 Which package can be integrated with dplyr for large fast tables? C
a) Table
b) Data, dplyr
c) Data.table
d) Dplyr.table

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 DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

41 In the base graphics system, which function is used to add elements to a plot? C
a) Boxplot()
b) Text()
c) Boxplot() or Text()
d) Treat()
42 What are the different types of sorting algorithms available in R language? D
a) Bubble
b) Selection
c) Merge
d) All sorts
43 What will be the output of log (-5.8) when executed on R console? A
a) NAN
b) NA
c) Error
d) 0.213
44 _________ is an indication that a fatal problem has occurred and execution of B
the function stops.
a) message
b) error
c) warning
d) message & warning
45 In 1991, R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman in the Department D
of Statistics at the University of _________
a) John Hopkins
b) California
c) Harvard
d) Auckland
46 Warnings are generated by the _________ function. A
a) warning()
b) error()
c) run()
d) message()

47 Finally, in _________ R version 1.0.0 was released to the public. A

a) 2000
b) 2005
c) 2010
d) 2012

48 R is technically much closer to the Scheme language than it is to the original D

_____ language.
a) B
b) C
c) C++
d) S

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 DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

49 Which of the following describes R language? A

a) Free
b) Paid
c) Available for free trial only
d) Testing
50 The copyright for the primary source code for R is held by the ______ D
Foundation.
a) A
b) S
c) C
d) R

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 DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

Unit 5 : Data Visualization

1 is a subset of A

a) Information design, visual modality

b) Information design, data visualization
c) None of the answers are correct.
d) Data visualization, information design

2 Which of the answers is an example of the kinesthetic modality? B

a) A speech
b) A movie
c) A picture
d) The rain on our face

What area represents information in a graphical or pictorial form? C

3
a) Data design
b) None of the answers are correct.
c) Information design
d) Data visualization

Which of the following is an example of a temporal data visualization? D

a) A Gnatt chart that is use in project management

b) A histogram that represents proportions
4 c) A matrix representing interconnecting data among various entities
d) A 3D molecular rendering of a protein
By definition, Tableau displays measures over time as a D
a) Bar
b) Line
c) Histogram
5 d) Scatter Plots
How do you identify a continuous field in Tableau? A
a) It is identified by a blue pill in the visualization
b) It is identified by a green pill in a visualization
c) It is preceded by a # symbol in the data window
6 d) When added to the visualization, it produces distinct values
7 For creating variable size bins we use B
a) Sets
b) Groups
c) Calculated fields
d) Table Calculations

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 DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

8 Business intelligence (BI) is a broad category of application programs which D

includes _____________
a) Decision support
b) Data mining
c) OLAP
d) All of the mentioned
9 Which of the following measures of central tendency will always change if a single A
value in the data changes?
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) All of these
10 Strong assessment items are made up of five elements: A
a) Standard
b) Stimulus
c) Stem
d) Key
e) Distractors
11 A good question is --------------- It focuses on recall of only the material covered in B
your lesson and aligns well with the overall learning objectives
a) relevant
b) clear
c) concise
d) purpose
12 A good question is framed in a-----------, easily understandable language, without any A
vagueness. Students should understand what is wanted from the question even when
they don’t know the answer to it.
a) clear
b) relevant
c) concise
d) purpose
13 _____ programming language is a dialect of S. C
a) B
b) C
c) R
d) K
14 Data visualization is also an element of the broader _____________. B
A. deliver presentation architecture
B. data presentation architecture
C. dataset presentation architecture
D. data process architecture

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 DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

15 Point out the WRONG statement? C

a) Early versions of the S language contain functions for statistical modeling
b) The book Programming with Data by John Chambers documents S version of the
language
c) In 1993 Bell Labs gave StatSci (later Insightful Corp.) an exclusive license to
develop and sell the S language
d) The book Programming with Data by IBM documents S version of the language
16 In 1991, R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman in the Department of D
Statistics at the University of _________
a) John Hopkins
b) California
c) Harvard
d) Auckland
17 Point out the wrong statement? A
a) R is a language for data analysis and graphics
b) K is language for statistical modelling and graphics
c) One key limitation of the S language was that it was only available in a commercial
package, S-PLUS
d) C is a language for data and graphics
18 Business analytics results in which of these? A
a. Evidence Based Decisions
b. Data Driven Decisions
c. Better Decisions
d. All of these are correct
19 Which one of the following is not a type of Business Analytics? D
a. Descriptive Analytics
b. Diagnostic Analytics
c. Predictive Analytics
d. Performance Analytics
20 What will be the output of the following R code snippet? D
> paste("a", "b", se = ":")
a) “a+b”
b) “a=b”
c) “a b :”
d) none of the mentioned
21 Point out the correct statement? D
a) In R, a function is an object which has the mode function
b) R interpreter is able to pass control to the function, along with arguments that
may be necessary for the function to accomplish the actions that are desired
c) Functions are also often written when code must be shared with others or the
public
d) All of the mentioned

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 DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

22 Suppose there are 2 dataframes “A” and “B”. A has 34 rows and B has 46 rows. C
What will be the number of rows in the resultant dataframe after running the
following command?
merge(A,B,all.x=TRUE)
A) 46
B) 12
C) 34
D) 80
23 The very first thing that a Data Scientist generally does after loading dataset is find C
out the number of rows and columns the dataset has. In technical terms, it is called
knowing the dimensions of the dataset. This is done to get an idea about the scale of
data that he is dealing with and subsequently choosing the right techniques and
tools.
Which of the following command will not help us to view the dimensions of our
dataset?
A) dim()
B) str()
C) View()
D) None of the above
24 Point out the wrong statement? A
a) A formal argument can be a symbol, a statement of the form ‘symbol = expression’,
or the special formal argument
b) The first component of the function declaration is the keyword function
c) The value returned by the call to function is not a function
d) Functions are also often written when code must be shared with others or the
public
25 You can check to see whether an R object is NULL with the _________ function. A
a) is.null()
b) is.nullobj()
c) null()
d) as.nullobj()
26 Which of the following code will print NULL? A
a) > args(paste)
b) > arg(paste)
c) > args(pastebin)
d) > arg(bin)
27 What will be the output of the following R code snippet? A
> paste("a", "b", sep = ":")
a) “a+b”
b) “a=b”
c) “a:b”
d) a*b
28 What will be the output of the following R code snippet? A
> f <- function(a, b) {
+ print(a)
+ print(b)
+}
> f(45) a) 32 b) 42 c) 52 d) 45

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 DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

29 What is the output of the command – paste(1:3,c(“x”,”y”,”z”),sep=””) ? C

A) [1 2 3x y z]
B) [1:3x y z]
C) [1x 2y 3z]
D) None of the above
The number of accidents in a city during 2010 is A
a) Discrete variable
b) Continuous variable
30 c) Qualitative variable
d) Constant
The mean of a distribution is 23, the median is 24, and the mode is 25.5. It is A
most likely that this distribution is:
a) Positively Skewed
b) Symmetrical
31 c) Asymptotic
d) Negatively Skewed
Data collected by NADRA to issue computerized identity cards (CICs) are C
a) Unofficial data
b) Qualitative data
c) Secondary data
32 d) Primary data
e) None of these
Sum of dots when two dice are rolled is A
a) A discrete variable
b) A continuous variable
c) A constant
33 d) A qualitative variable
A chance variation in an observational process is C
a) Dispersion/ Variability
b) Measurement error
c) Random error
34 d) Instrument error
If a distribution is abnormally tall and peaked, then is can be said that the distribution A
is:
a) Leptokurtic
b) Pyrokurtic
35 c) Platykurtic
d) Mesokurtic
36 The mean of a distribution is 14 and the standard deviation is 5. What is the value C
of the coefficient of variation?
a) 60.4%
b) 48.3%
c) 35.7%
d) 27.8%

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 DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

37 The first hand and unorganized form of data is called C

a) Secondary data
b) Organized data
c) Primary data
d) None of these
Questionnaire survey method is used to collect
a) Secondary data
b) Qualitative variable
38 c) Primary data
d) None of these
The data which have already been collected by someone are called C
a) Raw data
b) Array data
c) Secondary data
39 d) Fictitious data
The grouped data is also called C
a) Raw data
b) Primary data
c) Secondary data
40 d) Qualitative data
A constant variable can take values B
a) Zero
b) Fixed
c) Not fixed
41 d) Nothing
A parameter is a measure which is computed from A
a) Population data
b) Sample data
42 c) Test statistics
d) None of these
According to the empirical rule, approximately what percent of the data should E
lie within $\mu \pm \sigma$?
a) 75%
b) 68%
c) 99.7%
43 d) 90%
e) 95%
Primary data and data are same C
a) Grouped
b) Secondary data
44 c) Ungrouped
d) None of these
Which one of the following measurement does not divide a set of observations B
into equal parts?
a) Quartiles
b) Standard Deviations
c) Percentiles
45 d) Deciles
e) Median

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 DNYANSAGAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

In descriptive statistics, we study A

a) The description of the decision-making process
46 b) The methods for organizing, displaying and describing data
c) How to describe the probability distribution
d) None of the above

47 Which of the following is not based on all the observations? E

a) Arithmetic Mean
b) Geometric Mean
c) Harmonic Mean
d) Weighted Mean
e) Mode
48 Which one is the not measure of dispersion. B
a) The Range
b) 50th Percentile
c) Inter-Quartile Range
d) Variance
49 When data are collected in a statistical study for only a portion or subset of A
all elements of interest we are using:
a) A sample
b) A Parameter
c) A Population
d) Both b and c
50 In inferential statistics, we study A
a) The methods to make decisions about the population based on sample results
b) How to make decisions about mean, median, or mode
c) How a sample is obtained from a population
d) None of the above

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