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Lab06

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18 views9 pages

Lab06

Uploaded by

abdulaziz450151677
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lab 06 -Nested For Loop, While Loop

Lab Outcomes:
 Understand Nested Loop Concepts: Gain a solid understanding of how nested loops
operate, including how the outer and inner loops interact to produce patterns or iterate
through multidimensional data.
 Pattern-Based Problems: Practice creating various patterns (e.g., triangles, squares,
pyramids) using nested loops, developing logic and control over loop iterations.

Revise:
Definition of for Loop in C++?
A for loop is a control structure that allows you to repeat a block of code a specific number of
times. It is often used when you know in advance how many times you want to execute a
particular task.

Why Do We Use for Loop?


We use for loop to automate repetitive tasks in a program. It helps to avoid writing the same
code multiple times, making the code shorter and easier to read. By using a loop, we can execute
a task as many times as we need without manually repeating the code.

Problems Solved by for Loop:


The for loop solves the problem of repetition in programming. For example, if you want to print
numbers from 1 to 10, instead of writing a print statement ten times, you can use a for loop that
repeats the printing process for each number.

Example:
Imagine you are a student helping to arrange chairs for a classroom. You have 10 chairs and you
need to put them in a straight line. Instead of picking up one chair, placing it, then repeating the
same for each chair, you decide to automate your actions:

1. Initialization: Start with chair 1.


2. Condition: As long as the number of chairs is less than or equal to 10.
3. Increment: Move to the next chair each time.
Code:

Display a text 5 times


for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
cout << "Placing chair " << i << endl;
}
In computer programming, loops are used to repeat a block of code.
For example, let's say we want to show a message 100 times. Then instead of writing the print
statement 100 times, we can use a loop.
There are 3 types of loops in C++.
1. For Loop
2. While Loop
3. Do while

Nested Loop:
A nested for loop is a loop inside another loop. You use this structure when you need to perform
repetitive tasks within another repetitive task.

Problem Solved by Nested Loops:


Nested loops are helpful when working with multi-dimensional data, like a table or a grid.
They allow us to process or manipulate data that has rows and columns or any structure with
multiple layers.
For example:
 Tables: Processing data in rows and columns, like a table of students’ scores.

Syntax for Nested For loop:


for ( initialization; condition; increment ) {

for ( initialization; condition; increment ) {

// statement of inside loop


}

// statement of outer loop


}
Example Code 1.1:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
// Outer loop
int main(){
for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
cout << "Outer: " << i << "\n"; // Executes 2 times

// Inner loop
for (int j = 1; j <= 3; j++) {
cout << " Inner: " << j << "\n"; // Executes 6 times (2 * 3)
}
}
return 0;
}
Output:

Example Code 1.2:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
// Outer loop
int main(){
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
// Inner loop
for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {
cout << "#"; // Executes 25 times (5 * 5)
}
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

Output:
Example Code 1.3:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int i=5;
int j;
for(i;i>=1;i--){
for(j=1;j<=i;j++){
cout<<"*";
}
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

Output:

While Loop:
Loops can execute a block of code as long as a specified condition is reached.
Loops are handy because they save time, reduce errors, and they make code more readable.
Another Definition
A while loop is a way to repeat a set of instructions as long as a specific condition is true.
Syntax:
while (condition) {
// code block to be executed
}

How it works:
1. The loop starts by checking a condition.
2. If the condition is true, the code inside the loop runs.
3. After running, it goes back and checks the condition again.
4. This keeps going in a "loop" until the condition is no longer true, at which point it stops.
For example: If you're stacking books until you reach a height of 10 books, you'd keep adding a
book, then check, “Is it 10 yet?” If not, you add another. Once you reach 10, you stop. This is
how a while loop works!
Example Code:
int i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
cout << i <<endl;
i++;
}

Example Code for nested while loop:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int i = 1; // Initialize the outer loop variable
while (i <= 2) { // Outer loop condition
cout << "Outer: " << i << endl; // Executes 2 times

int j = 1; // Initialize the inner loop variable


while (j <= 3) { // Inner loop condition
cout << " Inner: " << j << endl; // Executes 6 times (2 * 3)
j++; // Increment inner loop variable
}

i++; // Increment outer loop variable


}
return 0;
}
Output:

Lab Task
Note: Implement Each Task using nested loop and nested while loop.
Problem Statement:
Task 1: Write a C++ program that will print the following pattern.
*
**
***
****
*****
******
*******
Task 2: Write a program to print a pyramid pattern with numbers where each row has
incrementally increasing numbers.
1
12
123
1234
12345
Task 3: Write a program in C++ to print a pattern based on a user-input number of rows. The
pattern should display increasing rows where each row i contains the integer i repeated i times.

Output:

Task 4: Create a program that outputs the days for a specified number of weeks. This will help you
practice using nested loops in C++ and improve your understanding of iteration and output formatting.

Requirements:

1. Define the Number of Weeks:


o You should set the number of weeks to display to 3.
2. Display Days in Each Week:
o Each week should display 7 days.
o Each day should be numbered from 1 to 7.
3. Output Format:
o The output should clearly indicate the week number followed by each day in that
week, with proper indentation for readability.

Task 5: Let’s consider a seating arrangement in a theater. Imagine a theater with multiple rows of
seats, where each row has several seats numbered from left to right. If we want to display the seat
numbers in each row.
There are 5 rows and each row has 10 seats. A nested loop can help us print each seat's number in each
row.
Rubrics Based LAB

Lab #06 Marks distribution


ER1 ER6 ER8
Task 3 points 3 points 4 points

Lab # 06 Rubric Evaluation Guideline:


# Qualities & 0 < Poor <=1 1 < Satisfactory 2 < Excellent <=3
Criteria <= 2
ER1 Task Completion Minimal or no Some tasks were All tasks were
program completed, but the completed, and
functionality was program has the program runs
achieved. errors or without errors.
incomplete
functionalities.
# Qualities & 0 < Poor <=1 1 < Satisfactory 2< Excellent <=3
Criteria <= 2
ER6 Program Output Output is Output is mostly Output is clear,
inaccurate or accurate but may accurate, and well
poorly presented. lack labels, presented with
captions, or labels, captions,
formatting. and proper
formatting.
# Qualities & 0 < Poor <= 2 2< Satisfactory 3< Excellent <= 4
Criteria <= 3
ER8 Question & Answers some Answers most Answers all
Answer questions but not questions questions
confidently or confidently and confidently and
based on lab task based on lab task demonstrates a
knowledge. knowledge. deep
understanding of
the given lab task.

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