Interacting with Database

ODBC

• ODBC stands for Open Database Connectivity

• A standard or open application programming

interface (API) for accessing a database.

• ODBC provides a C interface for database access

on Windows environment.
 JDBC
• JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity.
• It is a standard Java API for connecting programs
written in Java to the data in relational
databases.
• JDBC works with Java on a variety of platforms,
such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various
versions of UNIX.
 JDBC
• The java.sql package contains classes and interfaces for JDBC
API.
• It is a part of JavaSE (Java Standard Edition).
• We can use JDBC API to handle database using Java program
and can perform the following activities:
– Connect to the database
– Execute queries and update statements to the database
– Retrieve the result received from the database.

• JDBC API uses JDBC drivers to connect with the

database.
JDBC API
 JDBC Driver
• JDBC Driver is a software component that
enables java application to interact with the
database. There are 4 types of JDBC drivers:
JDBC-ODBC bridge driver
Native-API driver (partially java driver)
JDBC-Net pure Java/ Network-Protocol driver (fully
java driver)
Pure Java Driver /Thin driver / Database-Protocol
driver(fully java driver)
 JDBC-ODBC bridge driver
• The JDBC type 1 driver, also known as the JDBC-ODBC
bridge driver.
• The JDBC-ODBC bridge driver uses ODBC driver to connect
to the database. The JDBC-ODBC bridge driver converts
JDBC method calls into the ODBC function calls.
 Native API driver
• The JDBC type 2 driver, also known as the Native-API driver
• The Native API driver uses the client-side libraries of the
database. The driver converts JDBC method calls into native
calls of the database API. It is not written entirely in java.
 JDBC-Net pure Java Driver
• The JDBC type 3 driver, also known as the Pure Java driver for
database middleware. It is a database driver implementation
which makes use of a middle tier between the calling program and
the database.
• The middle-tier (application server) converts JDBC calls directly or
indirectly into a vendor-specific database protocol. It is fully
written in java.
 Thin driver
• The JDBC type 4 driver, also known as the Direct to Database Pure
Java Driver, is a database driver implementation that
converts JDBC calls directly into a vendor- specific database protocol.
• That is why it is known as thin driver. It is fully written in Java
language.
 JDBC two tier model
• In a two-tier model, a Java application communicates
directly with the database, via the JDBC driver.
 JDBC three tier model
• In a three-tier model, a Java application communicates
with a middle tier component that functions as an
application server. The application server talks to a
given database using JDBC.
 Common JDBC Components
• The JDBC API provides the following interfaces
and classes −
• DriverManager Class
• Driver Interface
• Connection Interface
• Statement Interface
• ResultSet Interface
 Common JDBC Components
DriverManager Class

• The DriverManager class acts as an interface

between user and drivers.
• It keeps track of the drivers that are available and
handles establishing a connection between a
database and the appropriate driver.
• The DriverManager class maintains a list of Driver
classes that have registered themselves by calling
the method DriverManager.registerDriver().
 Commonly used methods of DriverManager class
Method Description

public static void registerDriver(Driver driver); is used to register the given driver
with DriverManager.

is used to deregister the given

public static void deregisterDriver(Driver driver); driver (drop the driver from the
list) with DriverManager.

public static Connection getConnection(String url); is used to establish the connection

with the specified url.

public static Connection getConnection(String is used to establish the connection

url,String userName,String password); with the specified url, username
and password.
 Common JDBC Components (cont’d..)

• Driver Interface
This interface handles the communications
with the database server. You will very rarely
interact directly with Driver objects. Instead,
you use DriverManager objects, which
manages objects of this type. It also abstracts
the details associated with working with
Driver objects.
 Common JDBC Components (cont’d..)

• Connection Interface
A Connection is the session between java
application and database. The Connection
interface is a factory of Statement,
PreparedStatement, and DatabaseMetaData.
The Connection interface provide many
methods for transaction management like
commit(),rollback() etc.
 Commonly used methods of Connection interface
Method Description

public Statement createStatement(); creates a statement object that can be

used to execute SQL queries.

public void setAutoCommit(boolean status); It is used to set the commit status. By

default it is true.

public void commit(); It saves the changes made since the

previous commit/rollback permanent.

public void rollback(); Drops all changes made since the

previous commit/rollback.

closes the connection and Releases a

public void close(); JDBC resources immediately.
 Common JDBC Components (cont’d..)

• Statement Interface
The Statement interface provides methods to
execute queries with the database. It provides
factory method to get the object of ResultSet.
 Commonly used methods of Statement interface

Method Description

public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql); used to execute SELECT query. It returns

the object of ResultSet.

public int executeUpdate(String sql); used to execute specified query, it may be

create, drop, insert, update, delete etc.

public boolean execute(String sql); used to execute queries that may return
multiple results.

public int[] executeBatch(); used to execute batch of commands.

 Common JDBC Components (cont’d..)

• ResultSet Interface

The object of ResultSet maintains a cursor

pointing to a particular row of data. Initially,
cursor points to before the first row.
 Commonly used methods of ResultSet interface
Method Description
public boolean next(); is used to move the cursor to the one row next from the
current position.
public boolean previous(); is used to move the cursor to the one row previous from
the current position.
public boolean first(); is used to move the cursor to the first row in result set
object.
public boolean last(); is used to move the cursor to the last row in result set
object.
public boolean absolute(int row); is used to move the cursor to the specified row number in
the ResultSet object.
public int getInt(int columnIndex); is used to return the data of specified column index of the
current row as int.
public int getInt(String columnName); is used to return the data of specified column name of
the current row as int.
public String getString(int columnIndex); is used to return the data of specified column index of the
current row as String.
public String getString(String columnName); is used to return the data of specified column name of
the current row as String.
Steps: Handling Database

Loading the drivers

Creating Connection

Creating Statement

Execute Query

Close Connection
 Connecting to Database
• There are 5 steps to connect any java
application with the database in java using
JDBC. They are as follows:

1. Register the driver class

2. Creating connection
3. Creating statement
4. Executing queries
5. Closing connection
 1.Register the driver class
• The Class.forName() method is used to register the
driver class. This method is used to dynamically load
the driver class.

• Syntax of forName() method

public static void forName(String className)throws ClassNotFoundException

• Example to register with JDBC-ODBC Driver

Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
 2. Creating connection
• The DriverManager .getConnection() method is used
to establish connection with the database.

• Syntax of getConnection() method

public static Connection getConnection(String url)throws SQLException

public static Connection getConnection(String url,String name,String password)

throws SQLException

• Example establish connection with Oracle Driver

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection
("jdbc:odbc:DemoDB","username","password");
 3. Creating statement

• The createStatement() method of Connection interface

is used to create statement. The object of statement is
responsible to execute queries with the database.
• Syntax of createStatement() method

public Statement createStatement()throws SQLException

• Example to create the statement object

Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
 4. Executing queries
• The executeQuery() method of Statement interface is used to execute queries to the

database. This method returns the object of ResultSet that can be used to get all the records

of a table.

• Syntax of executeQuery() method

public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql)throws SQLException

• Example to execute query

ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");

while(rs.next())

System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2));

}
 5. Closing connection

• By closing connection object statement and ResultSet will be closed

automatically. The close() method of Connection interface is used
to close the connection.

• Syntax of close() method

public void close()throws SQLException

• Example to close connection

con.close();
Example to Connect Java Application
with mysql database
import java.sql.*;
class MysqlCon{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Try
{
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sun","root","root");
//here sun is database name, root is username and password
Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");
while(rs.next())
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2)+" "+rs.getString(3));
con.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}