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20 views4 pages

Untitled Document 7

See this dic if ur gay

Uploaded by

rajjerry2010
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Work

The product of the force acting on the body and the displacement in the force’s direction is
the definition of work done on an object. W is equal to F.s. The Newton is the SI unit of force.
The work done is zero when a force applied on a body result in no displacement. Say,
pushing against a wall.

Work Done
The force component along the direction of the body’s displacement is given by the formula
F cos θ. The angle formed by the force vector and displacement vector is denoted by Cos θ.

If we take a ball as an example, the work that the gravitational force does on it as it
descends is equal to the weight of the ball, which is a force that is multiplied by the
displacement or the distance to the ground. The work done may be found using the following
formula when the force, F, is constant and the angle formed by the displacement and force is
θ:
Work which transfers energy from one place to another or from one form to another.

Why sometimes not much work is done despite working hard?


Energy is used in reading, writing, drawing, thinking, and analyzing. However, in the
foregoing circumstances, no work is done scientifically.

Example: A man is pushing a rock (a wall) until he is utterly tired, but there is no progress
made because the wall is immobile.

A man carrying a big bag and standing motionless may get fatigued soon, but since he is
immobile, he cannot perform any labor.

Work is said to be done when


(i) A moving object comes to rest.
(ii) an object at rest starts moving.
(iii) velocity of an object changes.
(iv) the shape of an object changes.
Energy
Energy is defined as the ability to do work. Its unit is the same as that of work. Energy is a
scalar quantity.

By now, we should all be aware that energy is essential to life itself. Energy seems to be
needed at an accelerating rate. But the real query is: Where does energy originate?

The sun, after all, is the main natural energy source for all living things. The sun is the main
source of several energy sources. In addition, the earth’s interior, tides, and atoms’ nuclei
can all provide us with energy.

Forms of Energy
Our world offers a myriad of forms of energy. These include- potential energy + kinetic
energy (mechanical energy), light energy, chemical energy, electrical energy, and heat
energy.

Energy has different forms: Light, heat, chemical, electrical or mechanical.


Mechanical energy is the sum of
(i) Kinetic energy (K.E)
(ii) Potential energy (P.E)

Kinetic Energy
Objects in motion possess energy and can-do work. This energy is called Kinetic Energy.

Kinetic Energy

Examples of kinetic energy


A moving cricket ball
Running water
A moving bullet
Flowing wind
A moving car
A running athlete
A rolling stone
Work-Energy Theorem
The work-energy theorem states that the net work done by a moving body can be calculated
by finding the change in KE.

Factors Affecting Kinetic Energy


Mass
Velocity
Momentum
Potential Energy
When work is done on an object, energy can be stored in it.

As an illustration, extend a rubber thread. Potential energy is the energy that a body
possesses as a result of its configuration or change in position.

The potential energy of an object at a height


When an object is raised to a certain height, work is done against gravity to change its
position. This energy is stored as Potential Energy.

Law of Conservation of Energy


Energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed,
according to the law of conservation of energy. Both before and after the transition, the total
energy is the same.

Power
The rate of doing work or the rate of transfer of energy is called power. It is denoted by P.

Commercial Unit of Power


Since the joule is a very small unit, it cannot be used to accurately define large and specific
amounts of energy. For this reason, the kilowatt hour (kW h), a larger unit, is utilized. 1 kW h
is the amount of energy that can be obtained at a rate of 1 kW in roughly one hour.

The commercial unit of power is kWh, i.e. energy used in 1 hour at 1000 Joules/second.

Holding an Object
A common cause of confusion for people is the idea of work, which arises when they
consider holding a heavy object against gravity while it remains stationary above their heads.
We are not moving the weight over any distance, hence the weight is not being worked on.
This might also be accomplished by setting the weight on a table; in this case, it is evident
that the table is not maintaining the weight’s position. However, we know from past
experience that we become fatigued when performing the same task. What’s happening
over here, then?

It turns out that our bodies are actually working on our muscles in order to keep the
appropriate tension that keeps the weight up. In order to accomplish this, the body sends a
series of nerve signals to each muscle. The muscle contracts and releases briefly in
response to each stimulus. These things happen so quickly that the first time we see them,
we might only notice a small twist. Nevertheless Eventually, the muscle’s supply of chemical
energy runs out and is unable to sustain us. After that, we start to tremble and take a short
break.

Measurement of Energy and Work


The joule, represented by the sign J, is the common unit of measurement for work and
energy in physics. 1 joule In the language of mechanics, this is the energy that is transferred
when an item moves one metre when one Newton of force is applied to it.

You may be familiar with calories, which represent yet another form of energy. Calories are
frequently used on the back of food packaging to indicate how much energy it contains. For
instance, a normal chocolate bar weighing sixty grammes has roughly two hundred and
eighty calories. A calorie is defined as the amount of energy needed to raise one kilogramme
of water one degree Celsius.
Now, let me ask you this: why are we using kilogrammes instead of grammes in this
instance?

The answer to this is that one chocolate bar has 1.17 million joules, or 1.17 MJ, of stored
energy. This translates to 4184 joules per calorie. If we look, that’s a lot of joules.

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