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Slug Flow Analysis Using Dynamic Spectrum Method in Caesar II Part 1 of 2

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Dhakshina K
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13 views

Slug Flow Analysis Using Dynamic Spectrum Method in Caesar II Part 1 of 2

Uploaded by

Dhakshina K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Slug Flow Analysis Using Dynamic Spectrum Method in

Caesar II Part 1 of 2
Few days ago I had posted an article on procedure of Slug Flow Analysis using Static Methods. Click
here to read the same. In this article I will explain the methods for performing the slug flow analysis
using dynamic methods.
For dynamic analysis Caesar II software provides a very nice module, dynamic module where we have to
simply provide the input parameters to get the output result. Before you start the dynamic analysis you
have to perform conventional static analysis of the system (without using any slug force) and qualify the
system from all criteria. To open the dynamic module in Caesar II click on dynamic analysis button as
shown in Fig.1.

Fig. 1: Opening the Dynamic Module in Caesar II


When you click on the dynamic analysis button following window (Fig.2) will open. Select Slug Flow
(Spectrum) from drop down menu. The window will be filled with some pre-existing data. For clarity simply
select all those and delete. Now we have to provide inputs for analysis.

Fig. 2: Selecting Slug Flow Module in Caesar II


During dynamic analysis our first input will be the generation of spectrum profile. Slug load is one type of
impulse load. So the magnitude of load varies from zero to some maximum value, remains constant for a
time and then reduces to zero again. The force profile can be represented by a curve as shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3: Graphical Representation of Slug Force Profile
So from the above profile it is clear that in addition to slug force (Refer Static method of Slug Flow using
Caesar II for calculation of slug force), we need to calculate two additional parameters, a) Slug Duration
and b) Slug Periodicity.
1. Slug Duration: Slug duration is defined as the time required for the slug to cross the elbow.
Mathematically it can be denoted as, Slug Duration=Length of Liquid Slug/Velocity of Flow.
2. Slug Periodicity: Slug Periodicity can be defined as the time interval for two consecutive slugs
hitting the same elbow. So mathematically it can be denoted as, Slug Periodicity = (Length of
Liquid Slug + Length of Gas Slug)/Velocity of Flow.

Let’s assume that the calculated slug duration is 8 milliseconds and periodicity is 400 milliseconds as
shown in Fig. 3. We will use these data for generation of spectrum profile.
Now Refer Fig. 4 and input the data as mentioned below:
Fig.4: Generation of Spectrum Profile for Slug flow Analysis
When you click on Enter Pulse data it will open the window where we have to enter the data for spectrum
profile generation. From the above curve at time 0 the force is 2120 N the same force will be active for
next 8 milliseconds till the slug crosses the elbow. Then at time 8.1 forces will be reduced to zero. And the
same zero force will be there till 400 milliseconds. Then the next cycle will start. i.e, at time 400.1 seconds
the force will be again 2120 N. That way enter data for at least two cycles as shown in Fig. 5:

Fig.5: Typical Spectrum Profile for Slug flow Analysis

Continued from part 1…..(Read part 1 of this article for proper continuation and understanding)
 Clicking Save / Continue button will convert the time history into its equivalent force response
spectrum in terms of Dynamic Load Factor versus Frequency and the screen “Spectrum Table
Values “as shown in Fig. 5 will appear.
 Be sure to specify a unique spectrum name, as this processor will overwrite any existing files of
the same name.

 By clicking OK, the processor will load the appropriate data in the Spectrum Definitions tab in
Dynamic Input and move the data to the dynamic input

Once the spectrum profile is generated click on force sets button and enter the slug force with proper
direction in the fields as shown in Fig. 6:

Fig.6: Entering slug forces for dynamic slug flow analysis.


 Click on the + button to add more rows and – button to delete rows.
 In force set field input a numeric id which will be used to construct dynamic load cases.

After that click on Spectrum load cases menu and create the required load cases for dynamic analysis.
You have to specify at least two load cases as shown.
 Operating + Dynamic for nozzle and support load checking.
 Sustained + Dynamic for stress checking.

Refer Fig. 7 for load case preparation


Fig. 7: Load Case preparation for dynamic slug flow analysis
Finally click on control parameters button and select the load case for which you want to perform the
analysis. Normally operating load case is selected (Refer Fig. 8) for dynamic analysis. Keep all other
parameters as it is. Now click on batch run to obtain the analysis results. Fig 9 shows a typical analysis
results.

Fig.8: Selecting the load case for slug flow analysis


Fig. 9: Typical Dynamic Slug Flow Output Reports
 This figure shows a typical output screen for dynamic slug flow analysis.
 The highlighted node 10 is for nozzle.

 All support and nozzle loads to be checked.

 Stresses to be kept below code allowable values.

 The highlighted direction sign will show other load case combinations.

Few Important Points:


1. Vibration due to any two phase flow can be reduced / arrested by proper supporting of the piping
system. Normally following supports are used:

 HOLD DOWN SUPPORTS WITH 0 GAP

 GUIDE SUPPORTS WITH 0 GAP

 AXIAL STOPS WITH 0 GAP


Whenever modifying any support perform static analysis and keep the system stresses within allowable
limit.
2. Sometimes Vibration Absorbing Material (like PTFE) is used to reduce the Transfer of vibration to
connected systems.
3. It is preferred to keep natural frequency of piping system above 4 Hz for Vibration prone lines.

4. The formation of Slug Flow can be reduced:

 By reducing line sizes to a minimum permitted by available pressure differentials.

 By using a low point effluent drain or bypass.

 By arranging the pipe configurations to protect against slug flow. E.g. in a pocketed line where
liquid can collect, slug flow might develop. Hence pocket is to be avoided.

Request you to provide your input on the mentioned subject.

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