M242 Bushmaster

The M242 Bushmaster chain gun is a 25 mm

M242 Bushmaster
(25×137mm) single-barrel chain-driven autocannon. It
is used extensively by the U.S. military, such as in the
Bradley fighting vehicle, as well as by other NATO
members and some other nations in ground combat
vehicles and various watercraft. Hughes Helicopters in
Culver City, California, was the original designer and
manufacturer.[1][2] McDonnell Douglas Helicopters
U.S. Army press photo of the M242
acquired Hughes Helicopters in 1985, and merged into
Boeing Corporation in 1997. In 2002, it was sold again Bushmaster chain gun
to Alliant Techsystems, which merged with Orbital Type Chain gun
Sciences Corporation in 2015 to form Orbital Science Place of origin United States
ATK and was, in turn, bought out by Northrop
Grumman in 2018.[3] As of 2019, Northrop Grumman Service history
Innovation Systems produces the gun.[4] In service 1981–present
Used by See operators
It is an externally powered, chain-driven, single-barrel
weapon, that may be fired in semi-automatic, burst, or Production history
automatic modes. It is fed by a metallic link belt and Designer Hughes
has dual-feed capability. The term "chain gun" derives Helicopters[1][2]
from the use of a roller chain that drives the bolt back
and forth. The gun can destroy lightly armored vehicles Designed 1976
and aerial targets (such as helicopters and slow-flying Manufacturer Hughes Helicopters
aircraft). It can also apply suppression fire against (1981–1985)[1][3]
exposed troops, dug-in positions, and occupied built-up McDonnell Douglas
areas. The standard rate of fire is 200 rounds per Helicopters (1985–
minute. The weapon has an effective range of 2.000 2002)[3]
metres (6.561 ft),[5] depending on the type of Alliant Techsystems
ammunition used. With over 11,000 units sold
(2002–2015)[3]
worldwide, it is one of the most successful modern
Orbital ATK (2015–
autocannons.[4]
2018)[3]
Northrop Grumman
Description Innovation Systems
(2018–present)[3]
Unlike most automatic firearms, the M242 does not
depend on gas or recoil to actuate its firing system. Produced 1981–present
Instead, it uses a 1 hp (0.75 kW) DC motor, positioned No. built >11,000[4]
in the receiver to drive the chain and dual-feed system. Variants See variants
This system uses sprockets and extractor grooves to
feed, load, fire, extract, and eject rounds. A system of Specifications
clutches provides for an alternate sprocket to engage Mass 119 kilograms
and thus allows the gunner to switch between armor- (262 lb)[4]
piercing and high-explosive rounds.
The weapon assembly consists of three parts: the barrel Length 2,672 mm
assembly, the feeder assembly, and the receiver (105.2 in)[4]
assembly. The three-part structure makes it possible for
Barrel length 2,175 mm (85.6 in)
a two-person team to install or remove the system
(under ideal conditions) despite its considerable total Width 318 mm (12.5 in)[4]
weight. Height 373 mm (14.7 in)[4]

The M242 weapon system has both electrical and

manual fire control and can be operated electrically or Shell 25 × 137 mm
manually. The gunner can choose from three rates of Caliber 25 millimetres
fire: (0.98 in) caliber

1. Single Shot Semi-Automatic, in which the Barrels Single barrel

gunner can shoot as fast as the trigger can be (progressive RH
operated, limited only by the electrical drive parabolic twist)
speed (it cannot exceed the "High rate" firing
speed); Action Externally powered,
2. Low Rate Fully Automatic, in which the chain driven, Open
weapon fires 100 rounds a minute, ± 25 bolt
rounds; and Rate of fire • Cyclic: 200rpm with
3. High Rate Fully Automatic, in which the 1hp or 500rpm with
weapon fires 200 rounds a minute, ± 25 8hp
rounds.
Muzzle velocity 1,100 metres per
second (3,600 ft/s)
History
Effective firing range 3,000 metres
(9,800 ft)
The Bushmaster project started as an offshoot of the
US Army's MICV-65 program that was attempting to Maximum firing range 6,800 metres
introduce a new infantry fighting vehicle to replace (22,300 ft)
their existing M113 armored personnel carriers. Part of
this program called for a new scout vehicle to replace the M114, a
parallel development taking place under the XM800 Armored
Reconnaissance Scout Vehicle. Both the XM800 and the cavalry
version of the XM701 MICV vehicles were armed with the M139,
a US-built version of the Hispano-Suiza HS.820 20 mm
autocannon. During the testing phase, the Army eventually rejected
the XM701 and started work on a newer design known as the
XM723. Soon after the XM800 was also rejected. This led to the
combination of the two programs, moving the scout role to the Close up of the MK 38 naval variant
cavalry version of the XM723.

At the same time, the M139 proved to be disappointing and a contract for a new weapon to replace it
started as a competitive development in 1972 simultaneously at Ford Aeronutronic Division with the PFB-
25 (self-powered weapon) and Hughes Helicopters Ordnance Division (externally-powered,)[2] under the
Summa Corporation as the Vehicle Rapid-Fire Weapons System-Successor, or VRFWS-S. This was
essentially a power-driven gun firing similar 20mm ammunition as the HS.820, the power-driven
mechanism would ensure operation even in the case of a misfire.

Progress on the VRFWS-S was slow, and eventually resulted in a switch to a much more powerful 25 mm
round. Similar delays in the MICV program meant the ultimate vehicles descending from their efforts, the
M2/M3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle, did not enter production until 1981, by which point the Bushmaster had
matured. Since 1990, there have been several enhancements made
upon the weapon, resulting in the Enhanced 25 mm gun.

To date, more than 10,500 weapons are in service. One of the

major reasons for this popularity is the extremely reliable nature of
the weapon. It has a rating of 22,000 mean rounds between failure
(MRBF), much higher than many comparable devices.

Ammunition The Enhanced M242 on the M2

Bradley (the top-mounted metal box
and spotlight are MILES training
A wide range of ammunition has been developed for this weapon,
attachments, not part of the gun
providing it with the capability to defeat the majority of armored
system). Note the fluted barrel.
vehicles it is likely to encounter, up to and including some light
tanks. The ammunition used in the M242 may also be used in a
variety of weapons such as the GAU-12 Equalizer, the French Giat
M811, or the Swiss Oerlikon KBA weapon system. It has the
capability to fire U.S. manufactured ammunition as well as the
NATO equivalents thereof. Primarily though, it fires six types of
rounds: the M791, M792, M793, M910, MK210, and M919.

M791 Armor-piercing discarding sabot with Tracer

The APDS-T penetrates lightly armored vehicles, self-
propelled artillery, and aerial targets such as
helicopters and various slow-moving, fixed-wing
aircraft.
M792 High Explosive Incendiary with Tracer and Self
Destruct
The HEI-T can destroy unarmored vehicles and
helicopters and suppress anti-tank missile positions
and enemy squads out to a maximum effective range
of 2,200 meters.
M793 Target Practice with Tracer
The TP-T cartridge is a fixed-type, percussion-primed
training round that matches the High Explosive
Incendiary with Tracer (HEI-T M792) round
ballistically. The TP-T's tracer is visible out to 2,000 M793 Target Practice with Tracer
meters, however, the round has a maximum effective (TP-T) rounds for the MK-38 being
range (accuracy-limited) of 1,600 meters. inspected.
M910 Target Practice Discarding Sabot with Tracer
The TPDS-T replicates the flight pattern of the M791
Armor Piercing Discarding Sabot with Tracer (APDS-T) round. The TPDS-T allows units
to realistically practice sabot engagements.
MK210 High Explosive Incendiary with Tracer
Used by the U. S. Navy in their Mk38 naval weapon system.
M919 Armor-Piercing, Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot With Tracer.
The APFSDS-T round penetrates light armored vehicles, self-propelled artillery, and aerial
targets, which includes helicopters and slow-moving fixed-wing aircraft. The dart is made
of depleted uranium.

Variants
The M242 is currently in use by the United States Army, Navy,
Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, the New Zealand Army, Royal
New Zealand Navy, the Norwegian Army, the Spanish Army, the
Sri Lanka Navy, the Swiss Army, the Canadian Army, the
Australian Army and the Royal Australian Navy, the Israeli Navy,
Philippine Navy and Philippine Army, the Singapore Army and
Republic of Singapore Navy as well as several others. The wide
usage results in several variations and modifications on the standard
M242 weapon system.

Ground vehicles

The M242 is standard equipment on the U. S. Army M2 and M3

Bradley fighting vehicles; it is also in use on the LAV-25. Before
the project was cancelled, the Mk44 Bushmaster II 30 mm chain
gun (a successor to the M242) was used on the Marine Corps'
Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV).
MK210 High Explosive Incendiary
The M242 is also a popular choice of primary armament for with Tracer (HEI-T)
armoured fighting vehicles manufactured around the world, such as
Singapore's Bionix AFVs and as the Rafael Overhead Weapon
Station-25 mounted on upgraded M113A2 Ultra IFVs.[6]

Enhanced 25 mm gun

Work on an upgraded weapon began in 1990. In the upgrade

program, all three major systems and seven minor systems were
improved. The modifications began with introducing a chrome-
lined barrel, an enhanced feeder, and an enhanced receiver. The A U.S. Marine Corps LAV-25A2 firing
weapon systems also received minor upgrades such as quick- its M242 Bushmaster during a live-
detachable link covers, a larger breech assembly, a high efficiency fire exercise, circa 2014
muzzle brake, longer recoil, an integral round counter, an extended
life firing pin and spring, and a triple-spring drive clutch. Upgraded
weapons were first put to use on the M2A3 Bradley, the fourth version of the M2 Bradley Fighting Vehicle.

Naval

In 1977, the U. S. Navy realized that it needed a replacement for the Oerlikon 20mm Mk 16 series of guns.
In 1986, this requirement was satisfied with the introduction of the Mk 38 Mod 0 weapons system. A
derivative of the M242 system, the Mk 38 consists of the M242 chain gun and the Mk 88 Mod 0 machine
gun mount. It provides ships with defensive and offensive gunfire capability for the engagement of a
variety of surface targets. Designed primarily as a close-range defensive measure, it provides protection
against patrol boats, floating mines, and various shore-based targets.

Mk 38 Mod 2 and Mod 3

Recently, several US Navy platforms have been outfitted with a newer version, the Typhoon Weapon
System designated Mk 38 Mod 2,[7][8] which is remotely operated and includes an Electronic Optical
Sight, Laser Range-Finder, FLIR, and a more reliable feeding system, enhancing the weapon system's
capabilities and accuracy. In 2006 the Sri Lanka Navy added the M242 to its fleet of fast attack craft.[9]

The system is also in use by the Republic of Singapore Navy's Formidable-class frigates and Endurance-
class landing platform dock ships[10] and were deployed as part of coalition forces' port security efforts in
Iraq as well as anti-piracy roles in the Gulf of Aden.[11] Aside from that, the Singapore Police Coast
Guard's New Coastal Patrol Craft (NCPC) has adopted the system as its main armament.[12]

The Mod 3 updates electronics and adds a coaxial 7.62mm machine gun with a 570-round-per-minute rate
of fire.[13][14][15]

Aselsan STOP

Turkish made Aselsan STOP stabilized weapon station can be fitted with a M242 Bushmaster.[16]

Weapons station for The United States The Mk38. The Mk 38 MOD 2 25mm
the remote Marine Corps' LAV- M242 has a autocannon gun
controlled M242 on 25. characteristic fluted system aboard the
the multi-role vessel gun barrel to reduce amphibious dock
HMNZS Canterbury weight and assist landing ship
cooling.[17] USS Pearl Harbor
forward ejecting the
spent casings.

BAE and Boeing teamed together after a March 2011 contract to add a directed energy weapon to the Mk
38 Mod 2 gun mount, known as the Mk 38 Mod 2 tactical laser system. The TLS combines a Boeing-
designed solid-state laser with the existing BAE-manufactured Mk 38 mount to deliver high-precision
accuracy against fast surface and air threats including speed boats and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Laser power levels can be adjusted depending on the target and mission objectives.[18][19] Originally, the
system was armed with a 10 kW laser, but in April 2017 BAE announced they had increased power to
60 kW.[20]

Proposed upgrades

In April 2012, BAE unveiled a potential version of the system mount, developed in collaboration with
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. It is visually distinctive from previous versions with its stealthy
housing, which also protects the gun from weather and allows for easier access to internal components
through large access panels. The upgrade mounts a larger Alliant Techsystems Mk44 Bushmaster II 30 mm
cannon for a 500-meter range increase, as well as a coaxial .50 caliber M2 heavy machine gun. Elevation is
increased to +75 degrees for engaging UAVs and helicopters, and ammunition storage is greater at 420
30 mm rounds. Other features include a larger manual fire control panel, an offset mode specifically for
firing warning shots, and a surveillance mode where the gun can be pointed away from a target but the EO
sensor remains pointed in the target direction. Although it has a high degree of commonality and has the
same footprint as previous models, the upgrade is 20 percent heavier due to greater ammo load.[21]

Operators
Australia[22]
Army: ASLAV-25
Navy: Armidale-class patrol boats,
Hobart-class destroyers, Canberra-class
landing helicopter docks
Canada
Army: Coyote reconnaissance vehicle,
LAV VI APC Map with M242 operators in blue
Navy: Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol
vessel
Georgia

Coast Guard: Island-class patrol boat[23]

Israel
Navy: Super Dvora Mk III-class patrol boat, Shaldag-class fast patrol boat
Malaysia
Army: ACV-300 IFV
New Zealand
Army: NZLAV
Navy: HMNZS Canterbury multi-role vessel and Protector-class offshore patrol vessels
Norway
Ukraine
Coast Guard: Island-class patrol boat (2019)
Philippines
Army: GKN Simba AIFV, M113 APC
Navy: Del Pilar-class gun frigates, Jacinto-class gun corvettes, Mariano Alvarez-class
coastal patrol vessel, and Jose Andrada-class patrol craft
Singapore[6][10][12]
Army: Bionix 25 (replaced by the 30mm Bushmaster II on the Bionix II), M113A2 Ultra
IFV
Navy: Endurance-class landing platform dock, Formidable-class frigate
Police Coast Guard: New Coastal Patrol Craft (NCPC)
Spain
Army: VEC-M1
Navy: BAM
Sri Lanka[9]
 Switzerland
Turkey
United States
Army: M2/M3 Bradley
Navy (Mk. 38 Mod 0, Mk. 38 Mod 2 and Mk. 38 Mod 3): Nimitz-class aircraft carrier,
Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, Ticonderoga-class cruiser, Oliver Hazard Perry-class
frigate, Wasp-class amphibious assault ship, Tarawa-class amphibious assault ship,
Whidbey Island-class dock landing ship, Harpers Ferry-class dock landing ship, Austin-
class amphibious transport dock, Blue Ridge-class command ship, Cyclone-class patrol
ship, Mark VI patrol boat
Marine Corps: LAV-25
Coast Guard (Mk. 38 Mod 0, Mk. 38 Mod 2 and Mk. 38 Mod 3): Reliance-class cutter,
Hamilton-class cutter, Sentinel-class cutter, Island-class cutter, USCGC Alex Haley,
future Heritage-class cutter[24]

See also
Mark 38 25 mm Machine Gun System
Oerlikon KBA 25 mm automatic cannon
M230 30 mm automatic cannon
Bushmaster II 30 mm chain gun
Bushmaster III 35/50 mm chain gun
Bushmaster IV 40 mm chain gun
30mm DS30M Mark 2 Automated Small Calibre Gun British automated mount with 30mm
Bushmaster II
List of weapons of the United States Marine Corps
List of crew-served weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces

References
Notes

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the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017.

Bibliography

Chinn, George M. (Lt.Col., USMC, Retd), ed. (1987). The Machine Gun: History, Evolution,
and Development of Manual, Automatic, and Airborne Repeating Weapons (http://www.ibibli
o.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/MG/V/MG-V5.pdf) (PDF). Vol. V. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Edward
Brothers Publishing Co. Retrieved 28 April 2019.

External links
Northrop Grumman M242 Bushmaster Chain Gun Factsheet (http://www.northropgrumman.c
om/Capabilities/AutomaticWeapons/Documents/MK24225mmChainGunFactSheet.pdf)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190428194220/http://www.northropgrumman.com/
 Capabilities/AutomaticWeapons/Documents/MK24225mmChainGunFactSheet.pdf) 28 April
2019 at the Wayback Machine
Federation of American Scientists: M242 (http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/equip/m24
2.htm)
NavWeaps.Com: 25 mm/87 (1") Mark 38 Machine Gun System (http://www.navweaps.com/
Weapons/WNUS_25mm_mk38.htm)
U. S. Army Field Manual 3-22.1
Canadian-American Strategic Review: M242 (https://web.archive.org/web/2006062923201
5/http://www.sfu.ca/casr/101-m242.htm)

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