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CH 9

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8 views37 pages

CH 9

Uploaded by

waqar awan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Vibration Control

Vibration Standards and Monograms


• Atomic Vibrations: 1012 Hz; Disp = 10-8 to 10-6
mm.
• Microseisms or minor tremors of earth crust:
0.1 to 1 Hz Hz; Disp = 10-5 to 10-3 mm.
• Machinery and Building Vibrations: 10 to 100
Hz; Disp = 0.01 to 1 mm.
• Swaying to tall building 0.1 to 5 Hz, Disp = 10
to 1000mm
Reduction of Vibration at Source
• Manufacturing
• Assembly Clearance
• Installed Machines
• Rigid and Flexible
Balancing
• Static Balance
– Single Plane Balance
– Acceleration of masses – centripetal – toward
center
– The inertia forces – centrifugal – Away from center
• Dynamic Balance
– Uneven distribution of mass along two planes
– Static Balance - Dynamic Balance
– Aircraft Turbine, Electric Motor,
Consequences of Balancing
• Minimize Vibration
• Minimize Noise
• Minimize Structural Stress
• Minimize Operator Fatigue and annoyance
• Increase Machine life
• Increase Bearing Life
• Increase Personal Safety
• Increase Productivity
• Increase Product Quality
• Low Operating cost
Measuring and Correcting Imbalance
• Site Balancing
• Factory Balancing
– Production Machines
– Maintenance Machines
Control of Vibration
• Controlling Natural Frequencies –
avoiding Resonance
• Preventing Excessive Response at
Resonance –damping/energy
dissipating mechanisms
• Reducing transmission of exciting
forces
• Reducing Response of system
Control of Natural Frequencies
• Resonance – Large Displacement – Strain –
Failure
• Mass change – Functional Requirement
• Stiffness !!!
Introduction of Damping
• Damping is the conversion of mechanical energy
of a structure into thermal energy.
• The amount of energy dissipated is a measure of
the structure’s damping level.
• Joints damping
– Welded, Bolted, Rivet

– Viscous Damping (Viscosity of Fluid)


– Hysteresis Damping (friction within material)
– Coulomb Damping
. •Change of fn
•Automobiles
Viscoelastic Materials
Amplitude At Resonance 2.6.4

σ
Highly Non-Linear Materials
o ε •Damping Tapes

D o
Vibration Isolation
• Active
• Passive

•Foundation or Base Protection


•Equipment Protection

Type of Disturbance – Vibration- Harmonic /Shock - Step


Reduction of the Force Transmitted to
Foundation

SS:
for Small value of Damping
ratio and r>1
Design Chart for Isolation

For large values of r and low values of damping


the term becomes very small and can be
neglected
Isolation of systems with rotating
unbalance
Vibration Isolation with Base Motion

X, Mass ; Y Base
3.68
3.74
Vibration Damper
• Engineering Structural element that
attenuates transmission of vibration in a
certain frequency range.
• The resilient element includes Rubber and
Metal.
• Rubber is securely bonded between the two
metal parts.
• Upper Plate is assumed to face the source to
vibration and lower metal surface secured to
foundation.
Commercial Damper Selection
Vibration Absorber
• To reduce the vibration of
a primary device by
adding an absorber to the
system
– Eliminate unwanted
vibration
– Forms 2-degree of Freedom
– Used in machinery at
constant speed
Applications:
•Reciprocating machines
•Building excited by an earthquake
•Transmission lines or telephone lines excited
by wind blowing
Undamped Dynamic Vibration
Absorber
Vibration absorber is often used with machines
run at constant speed or systems with const.
excited freq., because the combined system
has narrow operating bandwidth.
Damped vibration Absorber
Active Vibration Control
Wires to
Diaphragm Electromgnet
MR Fluid

Accumulator Solenoid Bearing &


Seal
Shock
• Shock is defined as a vibratory excitation with a duration between once
and twice the natural period of the excited mechanical system.
– High stresses causing fracture or permanent deformation
• Jerk
– A jerk is defined as the derivative of acceleration with respect to time.
This parameter thus characterizes the rate of variation of acceleration
with time.

• Velocity Shock
• Displacement Shocks
• High Frequency shocks
Idealized Forms of Shock Excitations &
Velocity Change
Shock Dampers

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