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Structures and Evolution of Ocean Basins PDF

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14 views40 pages

Structures and Evolution of Ocean Basins PDF

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jaydenmatibag
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STRUCTURES AND

EVOLUTION OF
OCEAN BASINS
Ranch
Shhh!
ON ALL‌
What is Ocean Basins?
What is Ocean Basins
an oceanic basin (or ocean
basin) is anywhere on
Earth that is covered
by seawater. Geologically, most
of the ocean basins are
large geologic basins that are
below sea level.
Major Ocean Basins
Major Ocean Basins
Pacific Basin
Atlantic
Basin
Indian Basin
Arctic Basin
Southern
Basin
Structure of Ocean
Basins
Through the formation of ocean
basins, different features and
structures are formed.
Continental Shelf
Continental Slope
Continental Rise
Abyssal Plain
Seamount and Guyots
Trench
Mid Ocean Ridge
Continental Shelf
The underwater
extension of a
continent that is
relatively shallow.
Continental Slope
The transition zone
between the
continental shelf and
the deep ocean floor,
extending from
oceanic crust to
continental crust.
Continental Rise
It is the base
of continental
slope
Abyssal Plain
From the word
"abyss" meaning very
deep.
A small raised
landform that rises
from the ocean floor.
Seamount and
Guyot
Seamount is an
underwater mountain
with steep sides
rising from the
seafloor
Guyots a seamount
with a flat summit.
Example of
Seamount and
Guyots

The Meiji Seamount


Trench
A deep, narrow
trench with steep
sides on the
ocean floor.
Mid Ocean
Ridge
The underwater mountain
range located in the center
of ocean basins.
It is where upwelling of
magma happens which
causes the sea floor to
spread
Evolution of Ocean
Basins
The Wilson Cycle explains the process of the opening (beginning) and
the closing (end) of an ocean which is driven by Plate Tectonics. This
process is named after the Canadian Geophysicist J. Tuzo Wilson
(1908- 1993).

It is divided into 6 stages namely:


1. Embryonic Stage
2.Juvenile Stage
3. Mature Stage
4. Declining Stage
5. Terminal Stage
6. Suturing Stage (Continental collision)
Evolution of Ocean Basins
Stages Description Example

East
Motion: Uplift.
African
x
Rift
Complex system of
Valleys
linear rift valleys
on continent
Evolution of Ocean Basins
Stages Description Example

Motion: Divergence Red


(Spreading)
x Sea
Narrow seas with matching
coasts
Evolution of Ocean Basins
Stages Description Example

Motion: Divergence Atlantic


(Spreading) Arctic
x
Oceans
Ocean basin with
continental margins
Evolution of Ocean Basins
Stages Description Example

Motion:
Convergence(Subduction) Pacific
x
Ocean
Narrow island arcs and
trenches around basin
edge
Evolution of Ocean Basins
Exampl
Stages Description
e

Motion:
x
Convergence(Collision) and Mediterranean
Sea
Uplift

Narrow irregular seas with


young mountains
Evolution of Ocean Basins
Exampl
Stages Description
e

Motion:
x
Convergence and Uplift Himalaya
Mountains

Young to mature mountain


belts
Quiz Time
1. What percentage of the earth's surface is
covered by oceanic crust?
A. 50% C. 70%
B. 60% D. 80%

2. Which stage of ocean basin evolution involves


the breakup of continents?
A. Rifting C. Embryonic
B. Mature D. Juvenile
3. What is the deepest part of the ocean?
A. Continental shelf C. Trench
B. Abyssal plain D. Mid Ocean Ridge

4. Which of the following is NOT a stage in the


evolution of an ocean basin?
A. Rifting
B. Subduction
C. Juvenile
D. Weathering
5. Areas found under the sea.

6. Give one example of structure of Ocean basin

7. Who is the Canadian Geophysicist?

8. Give one stages in the evolution of Ocean basin.

9. Example of Declining Stage.


Last Question : 2pts
How many children does
Ma'am Daisy have?
Thank you!

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