ALGEBRA Cc Outline of the Chapter 3 1. Identifying patterns or rules between numbers forms an important part of understanding the basic ideas in algebra. 2. Letters used to represent numbers are called literals. These literals whose value varies from problem to problem are also called variables. A variable allows us to express relations in any practical situations. 3. Numerals like 1, 5, 21 etc, whose value remain same irrespective of the problem are called constants. 4, We can do the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division on variables just as in the case of constants. 5. Using variables, we can express many common rules in both geometry and arithmetic in a general way. For example, the commutativity for addition of whole numbers can be expressed as x + y = y + x, where x and y stand for any whole numbers. A statement of equality which involves literals (variables) is called an equation. An equation has two sides, LHS and RHS, between them is the equal (=) sign. ‘The value of the variable which satisfies the equation is called a solution to the equation. Solving an equation means finding the solution to the equation.Algebra Worksheet 65 1. Using a variable, write the rule which gives the number of match sticks required to make the following match stick patterns : ol LIE LEI w LLL aio > XK XKXK wo MMM MM « LI LIT LITT 2. 3 apples are given to each child. How many apples are needed for x children? 3. Some books are kept in 5 shelves equally. If there are z books in each shelf, find the total number of books. 4. Sonu is 5 years younger than Tony. If Tony is r years old, write the age of Sonu in terms of r. 5. Deepika had Rs x with her. She bought a pencil box for Rs 16, How much money is left with Deepika? pn 4Algebra Worksheet 66 1. Express the perimeter of a square of side a in terms of a. ‘The length and breadth of a rectangle are x and y respectively. Express its perimeter in terms of x and y. Express the perimeter of a regular pentagon of side / in terms of J. Addition is commutative for whole numbers. Express this fact using variables. 5. Express the associative property for multiplication of whole numbers using variables. 6. Express distributivity of multiplication over addition of numbers using variables. 7. Diameter (D) of a circle is twice its radius (r). Express the radius in terms of diameter. Express the commutative property for multiplication of whole numbers using variables. Express associativity of addition of numbers in a general way by using variables x, y and. 10. Express the perimeter of a regular hexagon of side a in terms of a. xAlgebra Worksheet 67 Write the following using numbers, variables and arithmetic operations : 1. 6 more than x 2.7 less than y 8. The sum of numbers x and y 4, The product of x and y added to 5 5. 2 less than the product of y and z 6. x added to itself 7. 5 more than twice of x 8. 4 less than thrice of y 9, x more than 3 times of y 10. Two-thirds of number x IL. Five times x added to y 12, Half of z subtracted from 3 13. The product of x and 3 is added to 10. 14, 3 times the sum of x and y 15. The sum of x, y and 2 16. Two times the product of x and y 17, 5 added to the product of y and z 18. x added to twice y 19. 6 subtracted from the product of z and 5. 20. 5 more than one-third of y 21, x subtracted from the product of 3 and y 22. The difference of x and y is divided by 2 pon 4Worksheet 68 Algebra 1. State which of the following are equations with a variable. @2x5-4=6 Gi)x+7=16 (iv) 10 — dv < 8 (v) 2y — 9 = 24 llx (vii) 16 - (7x 2)+8=10 Will) 5+ 4 = 9 (iii) 7x + 6 > 12 lo. wi) 5 +7 <10 (x) 10> 9-7 2, Write an equation for each of the following statements : (@) 4 less than x is 15 (ii) A number x divided by 9 is (iii) 5 more than y is 9. (iv) 3 times a number x is 36 (v) The sum of x and y is 11 (vi) Twice the sum of x and y is 9 3. Write the LHS and RHS of the following equations : LHS @x43 (ii) 2x = (ii) 17 " 1 (iv) 3x (v) 4, Write a statement for : @) xe 4+3=6 RHS Gi) 7 - 10Algebra Worksheet 69 1, Complete the following tables and by inspection of the table, find the solution of each equation : @x+7=13 *]1]2)]3)]4)]5|)6|7),)8|% | |u| a7 Gi)z-4=8 2 ]4[5]6]7)|8|9 || 11) 12) [um] 2-4 ii) By = 18 y]1]2]3]4]5]6|[7]8 ]9]10 By Gy iv) § @ 8]9 |W] |@)|B|M) be g 5 2. Solve : 9-16 6n = 30 = m+9= n= zAlgebra Worksheet 70 1. Cheek if x = 1 is the solution of the following equations : (i) 10x + 2 = 13 Gi) 8x = T+ 2. Check if x = 2 is the solution of the following equations : (i) 4x-5 =3 (ii) 5x -6 =9 3. Check if x = 3 is the solution of the following equations : (i) x-10=-7 Gi) x45 =8Test 19 Fill in the blanks : 1. The greatest 5-digit number using three different digits is 2. LOM of two prime numbers is given by their 3. Multiples of a number are 4, We cannot divide a number by 5. Every negative integer is than every positive integer. 6. If two fractions have the same numerator, then the fraction with denominator is smaller. 7.2e +5 =19isan in the variable 8. The point of intersection of two adjacent sides of a polygon is called its 9. A region in the interior of a circle enclosed hy a chord and an are is called a of the circle. 10. Measure of a reflex angle is more than but 360°. 11. Perimeter of a regular octagon with side p cm is 12.5 + (-5) +5 4-5) +5 = 13, At most a triangle can have obtuse angle. 14, 15.004 kg kg 15, Which is meaningless : LXC or VC? 16, There are whole numbers upto 1000. 17. Additive inverse of — 45 is 18. A tetrahedron has__ vertices, __ edges and _ faces. atx