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Raspberry Pi 5
Essentials Raspberry Pi 5
Program, build, and master over 60 projects
Essentials

Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials • Dogan Ibrahim

with Python

B u s = 0 , device=0
The Raspberry Pi 5 is the latest single-board computer from the Raspberry Pi
Program,) build, and master over 60 projects
#
spi.open(0, 0
Foundation. It can be used in many applications, such as in audio and

with
0000Python
0
video media centers, as a desktop computer, in industrial controllers,
robotics, and in many domestic and commercial applications. In addition
p e e d _ h z = 3 9
_s
spi.max
Prof Dogan Ibrahim has a BSc
to the well-established features found in other Raspberry Pi computers, (Hons) degree in Electronic
R I E D output
S
# GPIO26 is C
the Raspberry Pi 5 offers Wi-Fi and Bluetooth (classic and BLE), which Engineering, an MSc degree in

ED •
T
Automatic Control Engineering,
makes it a perfect match for IoT as well as in remote and Internet-based

CS = LED(26)
and a PhD degree in Digital Signal

• T
# Disable CESS T
control and monitoring applications. It is now possible to develop many Processing and Microprocessors.
real-time projects such as audio digital signal processing, real-time digital

CS.on()
filtering, real-time digital control and monitoring, and many other real-time Dogan has worked in many
operations using this tiny powerhouse. organizations and is a Fellow of
the Institution of Engineering

ta in „d
and Technology (IET) in UK as

a
The book starts with an introduction to the Raspberry Pi 5 computer well as a Chartered Electrical
D A C . T h e d
ements the
and covers the important topics of accessing the computer locally and Engineer. He has authored over
remotely. Use of the console language commands as well as accessing 100 technical books and over
u n c t i o n i m p l
and using the desktop GUI are described with working examples. The 200 technical articles on electronics,
# This f
# to the DAC
microprocessors, microcontrollers,
remaining parts of the book cover many Raspberry Pi 5-based hardware
and related fields. Dogan is a
projects using components and devices such as certified Arduino professional and
has many years of experience with
> LEDs and buzzers numerous types of microprocessors
:
def DAC(data) # Enable CS
> LCDs and microcontrollers.
> Ultrasonic sensors
>
>
Temperature and atmospheric pressure sensors
The Sense HAT
CS.off()
> Camera modules
#
yte
Example projects are given using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules to send # Send HIGH b
and receive data from smartphones and PCs, and sending real-time
# # Get upper
8) & 0x0F
temperature and atmospheric pressure data to the cloud.
> 0
temp = ( d a t a > # OR with 0x3
All projects given in the book have been fully tested for correct operation.
0x30
Only basic programming and electronics experience are required to follow Elektor International Media
temp = temp + # Send to DAC
mp])
spi.xfer2([te
the projects. Brief descriptions, block diagrams, detailed circuit diagrams, www.elektor.com
and full Python program listings are given for all projects described.
Readers can find the program listings on the Elektor Store website,
www.elektor.com (search for: book title).
#
Dogan Ibrahim

SKU20703_COV_Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials_v02.indd Alle pagina's 09-11-2023 14:23

 Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials
Program, build, and master over
60 projects with Python

Dogan Ibrahim

Raspberry 5 Projects.indd 3 09-11-2023 15:44

 ● This is an Elektor Publication. Elektor is the media brand of
Elektor International Media B.V.
PO Box 11, NL-6114-ZG Susteren, The Netherlands
Phone: +31 46 4389444

● All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any material form, including photocopying, or
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Ltd., 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 9HE. Applications for the copyright holder's permission to
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● Declaration
The author, editor, and publisher have used their best efforts in ensuring the correctness of the information contained
in this book. They do not assume, and hereby disclaim, any liability to any party for any loss or damage caused by
errors or omissions in this book, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident or any other cause.
All the programs given in the book are Copyright of the Author and Elektor International Media. These programs
may only be used for educational purposes. Written permission from the Author or Elektor must be obtained before
any of these programs can be used for commercial purposes.

● British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

● ISBN 978-3-89576-586-5 Print

ISBN 978-3-89576-587-2 eBook

● © Copyright 2023: Elektor International Media B.V.

Editor: Clemens Valens
Prepress Production: D-Vision, Julian van den Berg
Print: Ipskamp Printing, Enschede (NL)

Elektor is the world's leading source of essential technical information and electronics products for pro engineers,
electronics designers, and the companies seeking to engage them. Each day, our international team develops and delivers
high-quality content - via a variety of media channels (including magazines, video, digital media, and social media) in
several languages - relating to electronics design and DIY electronics. www.elektormagazine.com

●4

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 Contents

Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Chapter 1 • The Raspberry Pi 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.2 The Raspberry Pi 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Chapter 2 • Installing the Raspberry Pi 5 Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.2 Using a pre-installed SD card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.3 Larger font in Console mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.4 Accessing your Raspberry Pi 5 Console from your PC – the Putty program . . . . . . . 20

2.4.1 Configuring Putty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.5 Accessing the Desktop GUI from your PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.6 Assigning a static IP address to your Raspberry Pi 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2.7 Enabling Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.8 Connecting the Raspberry Pi 5 to a wired network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.8.1 Unable to connect to a wired network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.9 Installing the Raspberry Pi 5 Bookworm operating system

on a blank microSD card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Chapter 3 • Using The Console Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3.2 The Command Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3.3 Useful Console commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3.3.1 System and user information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3.3.2 The Raspberry Pi 5 directory structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.3.3 Resource monitoring on the Raspberry Pi 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

3.3.4 Shutting Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

3.3.5 Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

3.3.6 System information and other useful commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Chapter 4 • Desktop GUI – Desktop Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

4.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

4.2 Desktop GUI Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

4.2.1 Applications Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

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4.2.2 Web browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

4.2.3 File manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

4.2.4 Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

4.2.5 Manage Bluetooth devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

4.2.6 Wi-Fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

4.2.7 Volume control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

4.2.8 Date and time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Chapter 5 • Using a Text Editor in Console Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

5.1 nano text editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

5.2 vi text editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Chapter 6 • Creating and Running a Python Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6.2 Method 1 – Interactively from command prompt in console mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6.3 Method 2 – Create a Python file in console mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6.4 Method 3 – Create a Python file in Desktop GUI mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

6.5 Which method? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Chapter 7 • Python Programming and Simple Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

7.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

7.2 Variable names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

7.3 Reserved words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

7.4 Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

7.5 Line continuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

7.6 Blank lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

7.7 More than one statement on a line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

7.8 Indentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

7.9 Python data types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

7.10 Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

7.11 Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

7.11.1 String functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

7.11.2 Escape sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

7.12 Print statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

7.13 List variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

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7.13.1 List functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

7.14 Tuple variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

7.15 Dictionary variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

7.15.1 Dictionary functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

7.16 Keyboard input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

7.17 Comparison operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

7.18 Logical operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

7.19 Assignment operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

7.20 Control of flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

7.20.1 if, if…else, and elif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

7.20.2 for statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

7.20.3 while statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

7.20.4 continue statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

7.20.5 break statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

7.20.6 pass statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

7.21 Example 1 – 4-Band resistor colour code identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

7.22 Example 2 – Series or parallel resistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

7.23 Example 3 – Resistive potential divider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

7.24 Trigonometric functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

7.25 User-defined functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

7.26 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

7.27 Recursive functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

7.28 Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

7.29 try/final exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

7.31 Creating your own modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Chapter 8 • Raspberry Pi 5 LED Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

8.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

8.2 Raspberry Pi 5 GPIO pin definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

8.3 Project 1 – Flashing an LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

8.4 Project 2 – Alternately flashing LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

8.5 Project 3 – Binary counting with 8 LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

8.6 Project 4 – Christmas lights (random flashing 8 LEDs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

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8.7 Project 5 – Chasing LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

8.8 Project 6 – Rotating LEDs with push-button switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

8.9 Project 7 – Morse Code exerciser with LED or buzzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

8.10 Project 8 – Electronic dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Chapter 9 • Using an I²C LCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

9.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

9.2 The I²C Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

9.3 I²C pins of Raspberry Pi 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

9.4 Project 1 – Using an I²C LCD – Seconds counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

9.5 Project 2 – Using an I²C LCD – Display time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

9.6 Project 3 – Using an I²C LCD – Display IP address of Raspberry Pi 5 . . . . . . . . . . 148

9.7 Project 4 – Voltmeter – Output to the screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

9.8 Project 5 – Voltmeter – Output to LCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

9.9 Project 6 – Analog temperature sensor thermometer – output to the screen . . . . 156

9.10 Project 7 – Analog temperature sensor thermometer – output on LCD . . . . . . . 159

9.11 Project 8 – Reaction timer – output to screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

9.12 Project 9 – Reaction timer – output to LCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

9.13 Project 10 – Automatic dusk lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

9.14 Project 11 – Ultrasonic distance measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

9.15 Project 12 – Car parking sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

9.16 Project 13 – Fading LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

9.17 Project 14 – Melody maker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Chapter 10 • Plotting Graphs with Python and Raspberry Pi 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

10.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

10.2 The Matplotlib graph plotting library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

10.3 Project 1 – RC transient circuit analysis - Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

10.4 Project 2 – RC transient circuit analysis - Discharging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

10.5 Transient RL circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

10.6 Project 3 – RCL transient circuit analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

10.7 Project 4 – Temperature, pressure and humidity measurement –

Display on the screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

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10.8 Project 5 – Temperature, pressure and humidity measurement –

Plotting the data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Chapter 11 • Waveform Generation – Using the Digital-to-Analog

Converter (DAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

11.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

11.2 The MCP4921 DAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

11.3 Project 1 – Generating a square wave signal with any peak voltage up to +3.3 V . 205

11.4 Project 2 – Generating a sawtooth wave signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

11.5 Project 3 – Generating a triangle wave signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

11.6 Project 4 – Generating an arbitrary wave signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

11.7 Project 5 – Generating a sine wave signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Chapter 12 • Using the Sense HAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

12.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

12.2 The Sense HAT interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

12.3 Programming the Sense HAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

12.4 Project 1 – Displaying text on Sense HAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

12.5 Project 2 – Test your math skills - multiplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

12.6 Project 3 – Learning the times tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

12.7 Project 4 – Display the temperature, humidity, and pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

12.8 Project 5 – ON-OFF temperature controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

12.9 Project 6 – Generate two dice numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

12.10 Project 7 – Display the current time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

12.11 Project 8 – Displaying two-digit integer numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

12.12 Project 9 – Up counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

12.13 The inertial measurement sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

12.13.1 Project 10 – Reading the acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

12.13.2 Project 11 – Accelerometer-based dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

12.13.3 Project 12 – Accelerometer-based LED shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Chapter 13 • Using a 4×4 Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

13.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

13.2 Project 1 – Using a 4×4 keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Chapter 14 • Communication over Wi-Fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

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14.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

14.2 UDP and TCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

14.2.1 UDP communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

14.2.2 TCP communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

14.3 Project 1 – Sending a text message to a smartphone using TCP/IP . . . . . . . . . . 258

14.4 Project 2 – Two-way communication with the smartphone using TCP/IP . . . . . . 262

14.5 Project 3 – Communicating with a PC using TCP/IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

14.6 Project 4 – Controlling an LED connected to Raspberry Pi 5 from a

smartphone using TCP/IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

14.7 Project 5 – Sending a text message to a smartphone using UDP . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

14.8 Project 6 – Controlling an LED connected to Raspberry Pi 5 from a

smartphone using UDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

14.9 Communicating with the Raspberry Pi Pico W over Wi-Fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

14.9.1 Project 7 – Raspberry Pi 5 and Raspberry Pi Pico W communication –

controlling a relay over Wi-Fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

14.10 Project 8 – Storing ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure data

in the Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Chapter 15 • Communication over Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

15.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

15.2 Project 1 – Exchanging text with a smartphone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

15.3 Project 2 – Bluetooth control of LED from a smartphone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

15.4 Arduino UNO – Raspberry Pi 5 Bluetooth communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

15.4.1 Project 3 – Communicating with an Arduino UNO over Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . 298

15.4.2 Project 4 – Play audio (e.g. music) on Bluetooth speaker via Raspberry Pi 5 . . 303

Chapter 16 • Raspberry Pi 5 Camera Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

16.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

16.2 Installing the Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

16.3 Project 1 – Still camera commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

16.3.1 libcamera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

16.4 Project 2 – Building a time-lapse camera – Who is in my parking place? . . . . . . 309

16.5 Project 3 – Video camera commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

16.6 Project 4 – Who is ringing my doorbell? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

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 Preface

The Raspberry Pi 5 is a credit-card-sized computer from Raspberry Pi that can be used in

many applications, such as in audio and video media centers, as a desktop computer, in
industrial controllers, robotics, and in many domestic and commercial applications. In addi-
tion to the many features found in other Raspberry Pi computers, the Raspberry Pi 5 offers
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.0 (with BLE support), which makes it highly desirable in remote and
Internet-based control and monitoring applications.

The Raspberry Pi 5 is based on a 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A76 processor running at

2.4 GHz. This implies a performance boost of two to three times compared to the Raspberry
Pi 4. Raspberry Pi 5 comes with an enhanced graphic performance, using an 800 MHz Vide-
oCore VII graphics chip. Additionally, the Raspberry Pi 5 features the RP1 southbridge chip
made by Raspberry Pi. With the help of this RP1 southbridge, Raspberry Pi 5 delivers higher
performance and more functionality for peripheral devices. It should now be possible to
carry out many real-time operations such as audio digital signal processing, real-time digital
control and monitoring, and many other real-time operations using this tiny powerhouse.

This book is about the Raspberry Pi 5 computer and its use in various control and moni-
toring applications. The book explains in simple terms and with many tested and working
example projects how to configure the Raspberry Pi 5 computer, how to use the latest
operating system (Bookworm), and how to write application programs using the popular
Python programming language.

The book starts with an introduction to the Raspberry Pi 5 computer and covers the impor-
tant topics of accessing the computer locally and remotely. Use of the console command
language as well as accessing and using the desktop GUI have been described with working
examples.

The remaining parts of the book cover many Raspberry-Pi-5-based hardware projects us-
ing components and devices such as LEDs, buzzers, LCDs, ultrasonic sensors, temperature
sensors, Sense HAT, camera modules, etc. Example projects are given using Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth modules to send and receive data from smartphones, from the PC, and sending
real-time temperature and atmospheric pressure data to the cloud.

All the projects presented in the book have been tested and are working. Complete circuit
diagrams and full program listings are given for each project, with detailed descriptions of
the operation of each project. The following subheadings are used in every project wher-
ever necessary:

• Project title
• Project description
• Block diagram
• Circuit diagram
• Program listing
• Suggestions for future work

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials

I hope the readers find the book helpful and enjoy reading it, and use a Raspberry Pi 5 in
their next new projects.

Prof Dr. Dogan Ibrahim

London

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 Chapter 1 • The Raspberry Pi 5

Chapter 1 • The Raspberry Pi 5

1.1 Overview
The Raspberry Pi 5 is the latest credit card size computer from Raspberry Pi. In this chapter,
we will look at the specifications of this new computer and compare it with the Raspberry
Pi 4.

1.2 The Raspberry Pi 5

Raspberry Pi 4 was released in June 2019. There has been a long wait for a newer model
and finally the Raspberry Pi 5 was launched in October 2023.

The Raspberry Pi 5 is claimed to have two or three times the processing power of The
Raspberry Pi 4, which is already a very popular single board computer. The Raspberry Pi 5
is currently available in 4 GB and 8 GB memory capacities, but smaller memory devices
may appear later. Although the Raspberry Pi 5 is the same size and shape as the Model 4B,
it has a number of interesting new features such as PCIe connector, power button, built-in
real-time clock and some others that we will investigate in this chapter.

The Raspberry Pi 5 is based on a 2.4 GHz Cortex-A76 ARM processor with a new south-
bridge for handling the peripheral interface. A new VideoCore VII GPU is provided with
800 MHz speed. The dual camera interface is another nice feature of the Raspberry Pi 5.
The microSD card interface now supports cards that work at much higher speeds.

Table 1.1 shows a comparison of the Raspberry Pi 4 and 5. Notice that both devices have
dual 2 × 4kp60 HDMI display interfaces, although Pi 5 supports HDR output. The 2 × 20 pin
GPIO interface is the same in both devices. The Raspberry Pi 5 additionally has two camera
interfaces, a PCIe bus connector, a UART interface, an RTC clock power connector, and a fan
power connector. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are supported by both devices. The on-board power
switch on Pi 5 is a useful addition and was requested by many users. Pi 5 is powered from
5 V/4 A USB-C type power supply, where Pi 4 is powered from a 3 A power supply. Pi 5 is
slightly more expensive than Pi 4.
Raspberry Pi 4 Raspberry Pi 5
SoC BCM2711 SoC BCM2712 SoC
Cortex-A72 CPU at 1.8 GHz Cortex-A76 CPU at 2.4 GHz
CPU 4 core 4 core
Instruction set ARMv8-A ARMv8-2
Display 500 MHz VideoCore Vi GPU 800 MHz VideoCore VII GPU
L2 Cache 1 MB (shared) 2 MB
L3 Cache None 2 MB (shared)
RAM 1, 2, 4, 8 GB LPDDR4 4, 8 GB LPDDR4X
SD Card microSD microSD (high speed SDR104
compatible)
GPIO 2 × 20 pin 2 × 20 pin

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials

USB ports 2× USB2 2× USB2

2× USB3 2× USB3
Networking Gigabit Ethernet port Gigabit Ethernet port
Connectors 2-lane MIPI display port 2× MIPI camera
2-lane MIPI CSI camera port 2× 4-lane MIPI camera/
4-pole stereo audio and com- display
posite video port PCIe 2.0 interface
UART port
RTC clock power port
Fan power port
Wi-Fi/Bluetooth 802.11ac, Bluetooth 5/BLE 802.11ac, Bluetooth 5/BLE
Power button None Yes
Power 5 V, 3 A USB-C 5 V, 4 A USB-C
Size 85 × 56 mm 85 × 56 mm
Table 1.1 Comparison of Raspberry Pi 5 and Raspberry Pi 4

There are two micro-HDMI based monitor ports on both devices, with both having the same
specifications.

The Ethernet port and USB ports are swapped. As a result of this, the Raspberry Pi 4 case
is incompatible with the Pi 5 and a new case is required.

The camera and display connectors on the Raspberry Pi 5 are 15-pin and smaller, instead
of the original 22-pin connector used on Pi 4. A ribbon cable with 22-pin on one side and
15-pin on the other side is required to connect an existing Raspberry Pi 4 camera to the
Raspberry Pi 5. The Raspberry Pi 5 has two connectors, allowing two cameras or DSI dis-
plays (or a mix of either) to be connected. The PCIe connector is for fast external PCIe
compatible peripherals, such as SSDs.

The new power button on the Raspberry Pi 5 could be very useful. When the device is On,
pressing the button brings the shutdown (logout) menu. A safe shutdown will occur with
another press of the power button.

Figure 1.1 shows the front view of the Raspberry Pi 5 with the components labelled for
reference.

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 Chapter 1 • The Raspberry Pi 5

Figure 1.1 Raspberry Pi 5

The Raspberry Pi 5 gets rather hot, and it is recommended to use a cooler to lower the
CPU temperature. Although the idle CPU temperature is around 50°C, it can go higher than
85°C under a stress test. An active cooler is available for the Raspberry Pi 5. Holes and
power points are provided on the board to install and power the active cooler. Figure 1.2
shows the Raspberry Pi 5 with the active cooler installed. The active cooler cools down the
SoC, RAM, and the southbridge chip. When the CPU is idle, the active cooler keeps the CPU
temperature at around 40°C. The fan of the cooler operates automatically when the CPU
temperature goes just above 50°C.

Figure 1.2 The Raspberry Pi 5 with active cooler

The Raspberry Pi 5 operating system (OS) is based upon Debian 12 with the code name
Bookworm. This OS, released in July 2023, comes with a new Python interpreter (Py-
thon 3.11). This means that a Python package cannot be installed using the pip commands.

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials

Another major software change is that the RPi.GPIO library (created by Ben Croston) was
not available at the time of writing this book. As a result of this, all the GPIO-based Python
programs in the book have been developed using the gpiozero library. Most third party
HATs are based on RPi.GPIO and these will not work until their software is changed by their
manufacturers. It is hoped that the manufacturers will change their software by the time
Raspberry Pi 5 becomes officially widely available.

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 Chapter 2 • Installing the Raspberry Pi 5 Operating System

Chapter 2 • I
 nstalling the Raspberry Pi 5 Operating
System

2.1 Overview
The Raspberry Pi 5 operating system Bookworm is available either on a pre-installed mi-
croSD card, or you can download the operating system image on a blank microSD card. In
this chapter, you will learn to install the operating system using both methods.

2.2 Using a pre-installed SD card

The pre-installed Raspberry Pi operating system is available on various sized microSD
cards. In this section, the author used the pre-installed 32 GB microSD card supplied by
Elektor. Additionally, the author used a 7-inch HDMI compatible monitor, a Raspberry Pi
official keyboard, and a mouse. The author's hardware setup between the Raspberry Pi 5
and various devices is shown in Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1 The author's hardware setup

The steps are as follows:

• Insert the pre-installed microSD card into your Raspberry Pi 5

• Connect all the devices as in Figure 2.1

• Connect the Raspberry Pi power adapter to the mains supply

• You should see the Raspberry Pi booting the first time and asking you various
questions to set up the device, such as the username, password, Wi-Fi network
name and password, any updates if necessary, etc. (see Figure 2.2 for some
displays on the monitor). In this book, the username is set to pi.

• The Raspberry Pi will boot in Desktop mode and will display the default screen.
You can press Ctrl+Alt+F1 at any time to change to the Console mode

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials

Figure 2.2 Raspberry Pi 5 booting for the first time.

2.3 Larger font in Console mode

It is probably hard to see the characters on a 7-inch monitor in console mode. You can
follow the steps below to increase the font size:

• Make sure you are in the Console mode

• Enter the following command:

pi@raspberrypi: ~ $ sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup

• Select UTF-8 in the Package Configuration screen (Figure 2.3)

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 Chapter 2 • Installing the Raspberry Pi 5 Operating System

Figure 2.3 Select UTF-8

• Select Guess optimal character set (Figure 2.4)

Figure 2.4 Select Guess optimal character set

• Select Terminus (Figure 2.5)

Figure 2.5 Select Terminus

• Select font 16x32 (Figure 2.6)

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials

Figure 2.6 Select font 16x32

2.4 Accessing your Raspberry Pi 5 Console from your PC – the Putty

program
In many applications, you may want to access your Raspberry Pi 5 from your PC. This re-
quires enabling the SSH on your Raspberry Pi and then using a terminal emulation software
on your PC. The steps to enable the SSH are as follows:

• Make sure you are in Console mode

• Type: sudo raspi-config

• Move down to Interface Options

• Highlight SSH and press Enter (Figure 2.7)

Figure 2.7 Highlight SSH

• Click Yes to enable SSH

• Click OK

• Move down and click Finish

You will now have to install a terminal emulation software on your PC. The one used by the
author is the popular Putty. Download Putty from the following website:

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 Chapter 2 • Installing the Raspberry Pi 5 Operating System

https://www.putty.org

• Putty is a standalone program and there is no need to install it. Simply double
click to run it. You should see the Putty startup screen as in Figure 2.8.

Figure 2.8 Putty startup screen

• Make sure that the Connection type is SSH and enter the IP address of your
Raspberry Pi 5. You can obtain the IP address by entering the command
ifconfig in console mode (Figure 2.9). In this example, the IP address was:
192.168.1.251 (see under wlan0:)

Figure 2.9 Command ifconfig

• Click Open in Putty after entering the IP address and selecting SSH

• The first time you run Putty, you may get a security message. Click Yes to
accept this security alert.

• You will then be prompted to enter the Raspberry Pi 5 username and password.
You can now enter all Console-based commands through your PC.

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials

• To change your password, enter the following command:

pi@raspberrypi: ~ $ passwd

• To restart the Raspberry Pi, enter the following command:

pi@raspberrypi: ~ $ sudo reboot

• To shut down the Raspberry Pi, enter the following command. Never shutdown
by pulling the power cable, as this may result in the corruption or loss of files:

pi@raspberrypi: ~ $ sudo shutdown –h now

2.4.1 Configuring Putty

By default, the Putty screen background is black with white characters. The author prefers
a white background with black characters, with the character size set to 12 points bold. You
should save your settings so that they are available next time you want to use Putty. The
steps to configure Putty with these settings are given below:

• Restart Putty

• Select SSH and enter the Raspberry Pi IP address

• Click Colours under Window

• Set the Default Foreground and Default Bold Foreground colours to black
(Red:0, Green:0, Blue:0)

• Set the Default Background and Default Bold Background to white

(Red:255, Green:255, Blue:255)

• Set the Cursor Text and Cursor Colour to black (Red:0, Green:0, Blue:0)

• Select Appearance under Window and click Change in Font settings. Set
the font to Bold 12.

• Select Session and give a name to the session (e.g. MyZero) and click Save.

• Click Open to open Putty session with the saved configuration

• Next time you restart Putty, select the saved session and click Load followed
by Open to start a session with the saved configuration

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 Chapter 2 • Installing the Raspberry Pi 5 Operating System

2.5 Accessing the Desktop GUI from your PC

If you are using your Raspberry Pi 5 with local keyboard, mouse, and display, you can
skip this section. If, on the other hand, you want to access your Desktop remotely over
the network, you will find that SSH services cannot be used. The easiest and simplest way
to access your Desktop remotely from a computer is by using the VNC (Virtual Network
Connection) client and server. The VNC server runs on your Pi and the VNC client runs on
your computer. It is recommended to use the tightvncserver on your Raspberry Pi 5. The
steps are:

• Enter the following command:

pi$raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt-get install tightvncserver

• Run the tightvncserver:

pi$raspberrypi:~ $ tightvncserver

You will be prompted to create a password for remotely accessing the Raspberry
Pi desktop. You can also set up an optional read-only password. The password
should be entered every time you want to access the Desktop. Enter a password
and remember your password.

• Start the VNC server after reboot by the following command:

pi$raspberrypi:~ $ vncserver :1

You can optionally specify screen pixel size and colour depth in bits as follows:

pi$raspberrypi:~ $ vncserver :1 –geometry 1920x1080 –depth 24

• We must now set up a VNC viewer on our laptop (or desktop) PC. There are
many VNC clients available, but the recommended one which is compatible with
TightVNC is TightVNC for the PC, which can be downloaded from the following
link:

https://www.tightvnc.com/download.php

• Download and install the TightVNC software for your PC. You will have to
choose a password during the installation.

• Start the TightVNC Viewer on your PC and enter the Raspberry Pi IP address
followed by ':1'. Click Connect to connect to your Raspberry Pi (Figure 2.10)

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials

Figure 2.10 Connect to TightVNC Viewer

• Enter the password you have chosen earlier. You should now see the Raspberry
Pi 5 Desktop displayed on your PC screen (Figure 2.11)

Figure 2.11 Raspberry Pi 5 Desktop

• The VNC server is now running on your Raspberry Pi 5 and you have access to
the Desktop GUI.

2.6 Assigning a static IP address to your Raspberry Pi 5

When you try to access your Raspberry Pi 5 remotely over your local network, it is possible
that the IP address given by your Wi-Fi router can change from time to time. This is an-
noying as you have to find out the new IP address allocated to your Raspberry Pi. Without
knowledge of the IP address, you cannot log in using SSH or VNC.

In this section, you will learn how to fix your IP address so that it does not change between
reboots. The steps are as follows:

• Log in to your Raspberry Pi 5 via Putty

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• Check whether DHCP is active on your Raspberry Pi (it should normally be

active):

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo service dhcpcd status

If DHCP is not active, activate it by entering the following commands:

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo service dhcpcd start

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo systemctl enable dhcpcd

• Find the IP address currently allocated to you by entering the command

ifconfig or hostname – I (Figure 2.12). In this example, the IP address was:
192.168.1.251. We can use this IP address as our fixed address, since no other
device on the network is currently using it.

Figure 2.12 Find the IP address using the command hostname -I

• Find the IP address of your router by entering the command ip r (Figure 2.13).
In this example, the IP address was: 192.168.1.254

Figure 2.13 Find the IP address of your router.

• Find the IP address of your DNS by entering the following command

(Figure 2.14). This is usually the same as your router address:

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ grep "nameserver" /etc/resolv.conf

Figure 2.14 Find the DNS address.

• Edit file /etc/dhcpcd.conf by entering the command:

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf

• Add the following lines to the bottom of the file (these will be different for your
router). If these lines already exist, remove the comment character '#' at the
beginning of the lines and change the lines as follows (you may notice that
eth0 for Ethernet is listed):

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials

interface wlan0
static_routers=192.168.1.254
static domain_name_servers=192.168.1.254
static ip_address=192.168.1.251/24

• Save the file by entering CTRL + X followed by Y and reboot your Raspberry Pi

• In this example, the Raspberry Pi should reboot with the static IP address:
192.168.1.251

2.7 Enabling Bluetooth

In this section, you will see how to enable the Bluetooth on your Raspberry Pi 5 so that it
can communicate with other Bluetooth devices. The steps are given below:

• Enable the Bluetooth on your other device

• Click on the Bluetooth icon on your Raspberry Pi 5 at the top right-hand side,
and select Make Discoverable. You should see the Bluetooth icon flashing

• Select 'raspberrypi' in the Bluetooth menu on your other device

• Accept the pairing request on your Raspberry Pi 5

• You should now see the message Connected Successfully on your Raspberry
Pi 5 and you can exchange files between your other device and the Raspberry
Pi computer.

2.8 Connecting the Raspberry Pi 5 to a wired network

You may want to connect your Raspberry Pi 5 to a network through an Ethernet cable. The
steps are as follows:

Step 1: Connect a network cable between your Raspberry Pi 5 and your Wi-Fi router.

Step 2: Connect the keyboard, mouse and monitor to your Raspberry Pi and power up as
normal

Step 3: Log in to the system by entering your username and password

Step 4: Providing your network hub supports DHCP (nearly all network routers support
DHCP), you will be connected automatically to the network and will be assigned a unique
IP address within your network. Note that DHCP assigns IP addresses to newly connected
devices.

Step 5: Check to find out the IP address assigned to your Raspberry Pi 5 by the network
router. Enter the command ifconfig as described earlier

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 Chapter 2 • Installing the Raspberry Pi 5 Operating System

2.8.1 Unable to connect to a wired network

If you find out that you are not assigned an IP address by the DHCP server, possible causes
are:

• Your network cable is faulty

• The network hub does not support DHCP
• DHCP is not enabled on your Raspberry Pi, i.e. it may have been configured for
a fixed IP address

In most cases, it is very unlikely that the network cable is faulty. Also, most network hubs
support the DHCP protocol. If you are having problems with the network, it is possible that
your Raspberry Pi is not configured to accept DHCP issued addresses. The Raspberry Pi is
normally configured to accept DHCP addresses, but it is possible that you have changed the
configuration somehow.

To resolve the wired network connectivity problem, follow the steps given below:

Step 1: find out whether your Raspberry Pi is configured for DHCP or fixed IP addresses.
Enter the following command:

pi@raspberrypi ~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces

If your Raspberry Pi is configured to use the DHCP protocol (which is normally the default
configuration), the word dhcp should appear at the end of the following line:

iface eth0 inet dhcp

If, on the other hand, your Raspberry Pi is configured to use static addresses, then you
should see the word static at the end of the following line:

iface eth0 inet static

Step 2: To use the DHCP protocol, edit file interfaces (e.g. using the nano text editor)
and change the word static to dhcp. It is recommended to make a backup copy of the file
interfaces before you change it:

pi@raspberrypi ~$ sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/int.bac

You should now restart your Raspberry Pi and an IP address will probably be assigned to
your device.

Step 3: To use static addressing, make sure that the word static appears as shown above.
If not, edit file interfaces and change dhcp to static

Step 4: You need to edit and add the required unique IP address, subnet mask and gate-
way addresses to file interfaces as in the following example (this example assumes that

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials

the required fixed IP address is 192.168.1.251, the subnet mask used in the network is
255.255.255.0, and the gateway address is 192.168.1.1):

iface eth0 inet static

address 192.168.1.251
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1

Save the changes and exit the editor. If you are using the nano editor, exit by pressing
Ctrl+X, then enter Y to save the changes, and enter the filename to write to as /etc/net-
work/interfaces.

Restart your Raspberry Pi 5.

2.9 Installing the Raspberry Pi 5 Bookworm operating system on a

blank microSD card
If you have a pre-installed Raspberry Pi operating system Bookworm on a microSD card,
then you can start using it as described earlier in this chapter. In this section, you will learn
how to install the latest Bookworm operating system on a microSD card if you do not have
a pre-installed card.

The steps are as follows:

• Insert a microSD card into your PC. You may need to use an SD card adapter

• Go to the website: https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/

• Click to download the Raspberry Pi Imager. At the time of writing this book,
this file was called: imager_1.7.5.exe

• Double click to start the imager program and click to install it

• Click Finish to run the imager

• Click Operating System and select the operating system at the top of the list
as: Raspberry Pi OS (64-bit). See Figure 2.15

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 Chapter 2 • Installing the Raspberry Pi 5 Operating System

Figure 2.15 Select the operating system

• Click Storage and select the SD card storage

• Click to open the settings (gear shape)

• Click to enable SSH

• Click to enable password authentication

• Set username and password

• Click to Configure wireless LAN

• Click Save

• Click Write to write the operating system to the microSD card

• Wait until writing and verifying are finished (Figure 2.16)

• Remove the microSD card and insert into your Raspberry Pi 5

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials

If you have a monitor and keyboard, you can log in to your Raspberry Pi 5 directly and
start using it. Otherwise, find the IP address of your Raspberry Pi 5 (e.g. from your router,
or there are many apps for smartphones, such as who's on my wifi that shows all the
devices connected to your router with their IP addresses). Then log in to your Raspberry
Pi 5 and start using it.

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 Chapter 3 • Using The Console Commands

Chapter 3 • Using The Console Commands

3.1 Overview
Raspberry Pi is based on a version of the Linux operating system. Linux is one of the most
popular operating systems in use today. Linux is very similar to other operating systems,
such as Windows and UNIX. Linux is an open operating system based on UNIX and has
been developed collaboratively by many companies since 1991. In general, Linux is harder
to manage than some other operating systems like Windows, but offers more flexibility and
configuration options. There are several popular versions of the Linux operating system,
such as Debian, Ubuntu, Red Hat, Fedora and so on.

Linux commands are text-based. In this chapter, you will be looking at some of the useful
Linux commands and see how you can manage your Raspberry Pi using these commands.

When you apply power to your Raspberry Pi 5, the Linux command line (or the Linux shell,
or Console commands) is the first thing you see, and it is where you can enter operating
system commands.

3.2 The Command Prompt

Assuming your username is pi, after you log in to Raspberry Pi 5, you will see the following
prompt displayed where the system waits for you to enter a command:

pi@raspberrypi: ~$

Here, pi is the name of the user who is logged in.

raspberrypi is the name of the computer, used to identify it when connecting over the
network.

~ character indicates that you are currently in your default directory.

3.3 Useful Console commands

In this section, you will be learning some of the useful Console commands, where examples
will be given for each command. In this chapter, commands entered by the user are
shown in bold for clarity. Also, it is important to remind you that all the commands must
be terminated by the Enter key.

3.3.1 System and user information

These commands are useful as they tell you information about the system. Command
cat /proc/cpuinfo displays information about the processor (command cat displays the
contents of a file. In this example, the contents of file /proc/cpuinfo is displayed). Since
there are four cores in the Raspberry Pi 5, the display is in four sections. Figure 3.1 shows
an example display, where only part of the display is shown here.

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials

Figure 3.1 Command: cat /proc/cpuinfo

Command uname –s displays the operating system kernel name, which is Linux. Com-
mand uname –a displays complete detailed information about the kernel and the operat-
ing system. An example is shown in Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2 Command: uname – a

Command cat /proc/meminfo displays information about the memory on your Raspber-
ry Pi. Information such as the total memory and free memory at the time of issuing the
command are displayed. Figure 3.3 shows an example, where only part of the display is
shown here.

Figure 3.3 Command: cat /proc/meminfo

Command whoami displays the name of the current user. In this case, pi is displayed as
the current user.

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 Chapter 3 • Using The Console Commands

A new user can be added to your Raspberry Pi 5 using the command useradd. In the ex-
ample in Figure 3.5, a user called John is added. A password for the new user can be added
using the passwd command followed by the username. In Figure 3.4, the password for
user John is set to mypassword (not displayed for security reasons). Notice that both the
useradd and passwd are privileged commands, and the keyword sudo must be entered
before these commands. Notice that the –m option creates a home directory for the new
user.

Figure 3.4 Commands: useradd and passwd

You can log in to the new user account by specifying the username and the password as
shown in Figure 3.5. You can type command exit to log out from the new account.

Figure 3.5 Logging into a new account

Command sudo apt-get upgrade is used to upgrade all the software packages on the
system.

3.3.2 The Raspberry Pi 5 directory structure

The Raspberry Pi 5 directory structure consists of a single root directory, with directories
and subdirectories under the root. Different types of operating system programs and appli-
cation programs are stored in different directories and subdirectories.

Figure 3.6 shows part of the Raspberry Pi 5 directory structure. Notice that the root direc-
tory is identified by the '/' symbol. Under the root we have directories named such as bin,
boot, dev, etc, home, lib, lost+found, media, mnt, opt, proc, and many more. The impor-
tant directory as far as the users are concerned is the home directory. The home directory
contains subdirectories for each user of the system. In the example in Figure 3.7, pi is the
subdirectory for user pi. In a new system, this subdirectory contains two subdirectories
called Desktop and python_games.

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