Designation: C 465 – 09

Standard Specification for

Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture
of Hydraulic Cements1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of

1.1 This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to be Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
used for determining whether a(n) organic or inorganic pro- Specimens)
cessing addition, when used in the recommended amount at the C 114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
option of the cement producer in the manufacture of hydraulic Cement
cements, meets the requirements as prescribed by definition in C 115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by the
Specifications C 150, C 1157, C 845, and C 595. The materials Turbidimeter
listed in the following former ASTM Specifications shall be C 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),
considered as meeting the organic processing additions re- Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
quirements of this specification: C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-
C 150 – 62, for Portland Cement2
Cement Concrete
C 205 – 58 T, for Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement3 C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 340 – 58 T, for Portland Pozzolan Cement3 C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic
C 358 – 58, for Slag Cement3
Cement
C 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
test methods described in this specification. This standard does C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, Mortar
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this C 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices Cement
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior C 188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
to use. C 191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Cement by Vicat Needle
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this C 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete
standard. Test Specimens in the Laboratory
2. Referenced Documents C 204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by
Air-Permeability Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:4 C 205 Discontinued 1968; Specification for Portland Blast-
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates Furnace Cement; Replaced by C 5955
C 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy- C 226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in
lindrical Concrete Specimens the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
C 78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading) Concrete by the Pressure Method
C 293 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Us-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on ing Simple Beam With Center-Point Loading)
Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions. C 340 Discontinued 1970; Specification for Corkboard
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally Thermal Insulation; Replaced by C 6405
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 465 – 99(2005).
2
See 1961 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 4.
C 358 Discontinued 1968; Specification for Slag Cement;
3
Discontinued, see 1958 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 4. Replaced by C 5955
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
the ASTM website. on www.astm.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 C 465 – 09
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ferric oxide (Fe2O 3), calcium
C 596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Con- oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sulfur trioxide (SO 3),
taining Hydraulic Cement ignition loss, insoluble residue, sodium oxide (Na2O), and
C 617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Speci- potassium oxide (K2O). There shall also be calculated the
mens potential percentages of the following compounds: tricalcium
C 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracal-
C 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement cium aluminoferrite. Determinations for the percentage of the
D 891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of addition shall be made, both on the control cements and on
Liquid Industrial Chemicals those with which the addition was interground, using the
E 203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer method proposed therefore by the sponsor.
Titration 3.2 Aggregates—The fine and coarse aggregates shall com-
ply with Specification C 33; the coarse aggregate shall comply
3. Materials
with the grading requirements for Size No. 57 or Size No. 67.
3.1 Cements: A sufficient quantity from a single lot of coarse aggregate and
3.1.1 In cases where it is desired that the proposed organic from a single lot of fine aggregate shall be provided to
processing addition be accepted for general use in portland complete all tests. To prevent the segregation of particle sizes
cement, tests shall be made on cements prepared from at least in the fine aggregate, a single lot of sand sufficient for all tests
five different clinkers. As a minimum, these clinkers shall shall either ( 1) be separated on the 4.75-mm (No. 4), 1.18-mm
represent two Type I cements containing not less than 9.0 % (No. 16), 300 µm (No. 50), and 150 µm (No. 100) sieves and
C3A, one Type II cement, and two Type III cements, all then be recombined in the required quantity for each batch; or
conforming to Specification C 150. (2) be blended while in a damp condition, and maintained in
3.1.2 In cases where it is also desired that the proposed that condition for the duration of the tests. Under option (2),
organic processing addition be used in blended cements, the lots of appropriate size for single mortar and concrete batches
test and test procedures shall be as specified with a control and shall be carefully split or quartered from the entire batch.
an addition for cement conforming to the appropriate Specifi-
cation C 595 or C 1157. 4. General Requirements
3.1.3 Organic processing additions which have been shown
to meet the requirements of this specification may also be used 4.1 Processing additions shall conform to the respective
in cements conforming to Specification C 845. Testing of the requirements in this specification.
addition with these special cements, where desired, shall be 4.2 The trade name, source, character of the material, and
done using the tests and test procedures as specified with a means for the quantitative determination of the addition in the
control cement and a cement containing the addition, both finished cement shall be furnished by the sponsor, manufac-
conforming to Specification C 845. turer, or supplier of the addition, and the information shall form
3.1.4 In cases where it is desired that the proposed organic a part of the record of tests of the addition. If the processing
processing addition be limited in use to specific types of addition is a liquid, the specific gravity and percent water
cement less in number than required in 3.1.1, the tests and test content shall also be part of the record. If the processing
procedures shall be as specified, and at least two pairs of addition is an inorganic solid, the allowable ranges of chemical
cements shall be prepared from two clinkers from different analysis and specific gravity of the addition shall also be part
plants for each type under specific consideration. of the record.
3.1.5 For inorganic processing additions, or in cases where 4.2.1 The specific gravity, run in accordance with 7.1.1 shall
it is desired that the proposed organic processing addition be be within 60.05 units of the value reported in 4.2.
limited in use to a single plant, the tests and test procedures 4.2.2 The chemical analysis in 7.2.1 and specific gravity in
shall be as specified and at least two pairs of cements shall be 7.2.2 shall be within the ranges given in 4.2.
prepared from clinker representing each type under specific 4.3 Processing additions shall be evaluated by comparing
consideration. cements containing the addition to otherwise identical cements
3.1.6 The two companion cements to be made from any one from the same source without the addition, or containing a
clinker shall be ground to the same fineness within 7 m2/kg processing addition which has been shown to comply with this
when tested in accordance with Test Method C 115 or within specification using control cements without any additions,
13 m2/kg when tested in accordance with Test Method C 204, hereinafter designated the “control” cement.
and the SO3 content, expressed as a percentage of the cement 4.4 The amount of the processing addition to be interground
mass and reported to the nearest 0.01 %, shall differ by not with the cement for evaluation purposes shall be determined by
more than 0.3, so as to afford comparable samples for indicat- the sponsor of the addition.
ing the effect of the addition on the cement. Each control 4.4.1 The amount of the addition in the cement containing
cement shall comply with all requirements in the specification the addition and showing compliance with the requirements of
applicable to that type of cement, and shall not contain the this specification shall be determined quantitatively by means
proposed addition when tested by the method furnished by the of the quantitative determination required by 4.2.
producer or seller of the addition. 4.4.2 The amount of addition, so determined, shall be used
3.1.7 The percentage of each of the following shall be to state the amount of addition that shows compliance with this
determined for each lot of cement tested: silicon dioxide specification.

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 C 465 – 09
4.4.3 When tests on cements containing the addition show addition under test, shall be not greater than 120 % of the
compliance with the requirements of this specification, the amount required to produce, within 61 %, the air content
addition in cement may be used in any amount up to the obtained with the control cement. The air-entraining addition
maximum amount showing compliance. used shall meet the requirements of Specification C 226.
4.5 The cement produced for evaluation purposes with the 4.6 Processing additions which provide maximum effects as
processing addition shall comply with the appropriate Speci- grinding aids or pack set inhibitors may increase cement
fications C 150, C 845, C 1157M, or C 595, except that it flowability to a point where mill retention time is reduced
contains the addition under test. The effect of the addition on sufficiently to affect significantly the particle size distribution
the properties of the cement shall also be within the following of the resulting cement and its physical-chemical properties.
limits: Since mill retention times are controllable by mechanical
4.5.1 The percentage of water by mass of cement required means in full-scale grinding mills, the true physical-chemical
for normal consistency of cement containing the addition shall effects of the test additive may, in instances where full-scale
not exceed that required by the corresponding control cement tests have shown mill retention time reductions to have
by more than 1.0. For those cements not limited to a fixed significant effects on the properties of the resulting cement, be
water requirement, the percentage of water by mass of cement determined for acceptance purposes by making supplementary
required for standard consistency of the mortar used for laboratory or pilot-mill grinds.
strength determinations as described in 4.5.4 shall not be 4.7 In the event that the effect of the addition on the
increased by more than 2.0 by the addition over that required properties of cement are determined on the basis of laboratory
for the control cement. or pilot mill grinds, this fact shall be entered in the report
4.5.2 The time of setting of cement containing the addition specified in Section 13, and the specific tests shall be indicated.
shall not vary from the time of setting of the corresponding 5. Sampling Cement
control cement by more than 1 h or 50 %, whichever is the
lesser. 5.1 Samples of the plant-ground cement shall be taken from
the product stream during grinding. Prior to the start of
4.5.3 The autoclave expansion of cement containing the
sampling a given lot of cement, the mill shall have run for 4 h
addition, expressed as a percentage change in length, shall be
or long enough to have reached equilibrium under the general
not more than 0.10 greater than that of the corresponding
conditions that are to govern during the sampling period.
control cement.
4.5.4 The compressive strength of mortar cubes made with NOTE 1—Records should be kept as to the rate and continuity of feed of
cement containing the addition, in accordance with Test the addition, the form in which the addition is used, strength of solution
(if applicable), magnitude of circulating loads, mill discharge temperature,
Method C 109/C 109M, and tested at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days for
and feed rate of clinker and gypsum. Product fineness should be
all types, shall be compared with strengths obtained with the determined during the grinding immediately subsequent to sampling.
control cement at similar ages. The grand average of these
individual strength percentages shall be not less than 95 % of 5.2 As the cement samples are taken, they shall be placed in
the control cement values. It is required that cubes for sealable containers which shall be sealed immediately at the
companion cements be made and tested on the same days, with end of the sampling period. Prior to use, the samples of a given
storage of specimens side by side in the same section of the lot of cement shall be thoroughly blended to form a uniform,
moist cabinet during the 24-h curing period. Retesting of representative composite.
companion cements on the same, or a following, day is 6. Test Methods
required in order to provide six, rather than three, test speci-
6.1 Determine the properties enumerated in this specifica-
mens for each cement and age of test.
tion in accordance with the test methods prescribed in Sections
4.5.5 The ultimate drying shrinkage (percent) of mortar 7-12.
made with cement containing the addition shall not be more
than 0.025 greater than that of similar mortar made with the 7. Tests on Processing Additions
corresponding control cement when tested in accordance with 7.1 Test the liquid, organic processing addition, in the form
Test Method C 596. normally marketed, in accordance with the following test
4.5.6 The compressive strength of the concrete made with methods:
cement containing the addition shall be compared with 7.1.1 Specific Gravity—Use Test Methods D 891, Test
strengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The Method A or B.
grand average of these individual strength percentages shall be 7.1.2 Water Content—Use Test Method E 203.
not less than 90 % of the values for the control cement. 7.2 Conduct the following tests on solid, inorganic process-
4.5.7 The flexural strength of concrete made with cement ing addition in accordance with the following test methods:
containing the addition shall be compared with strengths 7.2.1 Chemical Analysis—Use Test Methods C 114, and
obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The grand determine silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3),
average of these individual strength percentages shall be not ferric oxide (Fe2O3), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide
less than 90 % of the values for the control cement. (MgO), sulfur trioxide (SO3), ignition loss, insoluble residue,
4.5.8 The amount of air-entraining addition required to sodium oxide (Na2O), and potassium oxide (K2O).
produce 19 6 3 % air in the mortar test made in accordance 7.2.2 Specific Gravity—Use Test Method C 188, except use
with Test Method C 185, with the cement containing the the inorganic processing addition instead of hydraulic cement.

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 C 465 – 09
8. Tests on Cement 11.2.1 Compressive Strength—Compressive strength test
8.1 Test cement in accordance with the following standards: specimens shall be cylinders made and cured as prescribed in
8.1.1 Chemical Analysis of Cement—Test Methods C 114. Practice C 192. Cylinders shall be capped as prescribed in
Practice C 617.
8.1.2 Compound Composition—Specification C 150.
11.2.2 Flexural Strength—Flexural strength test specimens
8.1.3 Fineness of Cement—Test Method C 115 or C 204. shall be beams made and cured as prescribed in Practice C 192.
8.1.4 Normal Consistency—Test Method C 187.
8.1.5 Time of Setting (Vicat)—Test Method C 191. 12. Test on Hardened Concrete
8.1.6 Autoclave Expansion—Test Method C 151.
12.1 Test the specimens on hardened concrete, as specified
8.1.7 Air Content of Mortar—Test Method C 185. in Section 11, in accordance with the following methods and at
8.1.8 Compressive Strength of Mortar— Test Method the specified ages:
C 109/C 109M. 12.1.1 Compressive Strength—Test specimens in accor-
8.1.9 Drying Shrinkage of Mortar—Test Method C 596. dance with Test Method C 39/C 39M at ages 3, 7, and 28 days,
except also test Type III cement at 24 h.
9. Concrete Mixtures 12.1.2 Flexural Strength—Test specimens in accordance
9.1 Preparation and Weighing—Prepare all materials used with Test Method C 293, or Test Method C 78, ages at 3, 7, and
in making the concrete mixtures and make all weighings as 28 days, except also test Type III cement at 24 h. By either
prescribed in Practice C 192. Report the amount of mixing method of test, turn the specimen on its side with respect to its
water used in each batch on the basis of saturated, surface-dry position as molded and center it on the bearing blocks.
aggregates.
9.2 Proportions—Design one basic concrete mixture having 13. Report
an actual cement content of 307 6 3 kg/m3 (5176 5 lb/yd3), 13.1 The report covering the results of the evaluation of a
and use in all concrete tests herein specified. Adjust the water material proposed for use as a processing addition in the
content of mixtures to provide concrete having a consistency manufacture of portland cement under this specification shall
equal to a 64 6 13-mm (21⁄2 6 1⁄2-in.) slump in each case. include the following information:
Adjust the ratio of fine to coarse aggregate to the optimum for 13.1.1 Trade name, source and character of the material, and
concrete to be consolidated by hand rodding. Recommended the amount recommended for use, together with means for
trial values for the percentage of fine aggregate in the total determination of the proposed addition in the finished cement,
aggregate, by absolute volume, are as follows: all as furnished by the sponsor, manufacturer, or seller of the
Coarse Aggregate, Maximum Concrete Without addition,
25.0 mm (1 in.) Entrained Air 13.1.2 If the proposed processing addition is an organic
Angular 45 liquid, the specific gravity and percent water content by mass,
Rounded 40 13.1.3 If the proposed processing addition is an inorganic
solid, report chemical analysis and specific gravity,
9.3 Mixing of Concrete—Mix the concrete in accordance
13.1.4 Detailed results of all analyses and tests prescribed
with Practice C 192 except as follows: Hand mixing will not be
by this specification, and the amount of the addition used, as
permitted. The rated capacity of the machine mixer shall not be
well as other pertinent information required,
more than twice the size of the batch used.
13.1.5 Comparison of test results to determine compliance
with the requirements prescribed in 4.4,
10. Tests on Freshly Mixed Concrete
13.1.6 Name and location of the laboratory or laboratories
10.1 Test samples of the freshly mixed concrete for slump in that made the tests covered by the report,
accordance with Test Method C 143; unit weight in accordance 13.1.7 Include as an appendix to the report, letters of
with Test Method C 138/C 138M; and air content in accor- certification from the various cement manufacturers stating the
dance with Test Method C 138/C 138M, C 231, or C 173/ name of the addition, the amount used, and the type of cement
C 173M. in which used, and
13.1.8 The highest amount of addition that has demon-
11. Test Specimens of Hardened Concrete strated compliance with the specification in a particular type of
11.1 Number of Specimens—At least three specimens shall cement (see 4.4.3).
be made for each test condition. For each cement containing an
addition and its companion control cement, make three rounds 14. Manufacturer’s Certification Processing Additions
of concrete mixed on different days. One round of mixes on a 14.1 Organic Processing Additions—Upon request of the
given day shall include both the cement containing the addition purchaser in the contract or order, a manufacturer’s report shall
and its companion control cement. From each round, make at be furnished at the time of shipment stating the water content
least one test specimen for each test condition. If necessary, to and specific gravity of the samples of the material taken during
obtain enough concrete for all test specimens to be made in any production or transfer and certifying that the specific gravity
one round, it may be necessary to make more than one concrete value is within the specified limits of the originally qualified
batch for each round. product and that the product meets the requirements of this
11.2 Types of Specimens: Specification.

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 C 465 – 09
14.2 Inorganic Processing Additions—Upon request of the specified limits of the originally qualified product and that the
purchaser in the contract or order, a manufacturer’s report shall product meets the requirements of this specification.
be furnished at time of shipment stating the chemical analysis
and specific gravity of the samples of the material taken during 15. Keywords
production or transfer and certifying that they are within the 15.1 additions; hydraulic cements; processing

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C 465 – 99(2005), that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 15, 2009)

(1) Revised the Scope to include inorganic processing addi- analysis and specific gravity of the inorganic processing
tions. addition being tested.
(2) Revised Section 3 to differentiate requirements for organic (5) Revised Section 12 to require hardened concrete testing
and inorganic processing additions. through 28 days instead of 3 months, per the NCHRP 18-11
(3) Revised Section 4 to include requirements for chemical report.
analysis and specific gravity of the inorganic processing (6) Revised Section 13 to include requirements for reporting of
addition being tested and to clarify that a maximum of two results of chemical analyses and specific gravity determination
processing additions can be used (an inorganic and an organic of the inorganic processing addition being tested.
for example). (7) Renamed Section 14 and added new 14.2 for manufactur-
(4) Revised Section 7 to include requirements for chemical er’s certification for inorganic processing additions.

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