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Exercise 5

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10 views4 pages

Exercise 5

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Internal force and stress

Sample problem 5:

Consider the structure, given in the figure bellow (the mechanical linkages used at 𝐴 and 𝐶
are pins free to rotate).

a- Draw the free-body diagram of the structure


b- Find the reaction forces at 𝐴 and 𝐶
c- Draw the free-body diagram of pin 𝐵 (reaction forces will not be considered)
d- Find the internal forces in 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐵𝐶 namely 𝐹𝐴𝐵 and 𝐹𝐵𝐶
e- Are forces 𝐹𝐴𝐵 and 𝐹𝐵𝐶 stretching or compression forces?
f- Compute the average stress in rods 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐵𝐶

Guidelines: x
V v
-Pay attention to senses of each (reaction) force
𝑊 𝑤 𝑉 w X
-For question d, use (as example) the equality ratios 𝑋 = 𝑥 = 𝑣
-For small x,v and w choose dimensions satisfying Pythagorean theorem
W

Solution:

a- free-body diagram of the structure (reaction forces of pins are taken


conventionally)
b- reaction forces at 𝑨 and 𝑪

Σ𝑀𝐶 = 0 𝐴𝑥 (0.6) − (30𝐾𝑁)(0.8) = 0


𝐴𝑥 = +40𝐾𝑁
Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0: 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥 = 0
𝐶𝑥 = −𝐴𝑥
𝐶𝑥 = −40𝐾𝑁
Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0: 𝐴𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 − 30𝐾𝑁 = 0

𝐴𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 = 30𝐾𝑁

For 𝐴𝑦 use the 𝐹𝐵𝐷 of member 𝐴𝐵:

Σ𝑀𝐵 = 0 −𝐴𝑦 (0.8) = 0

𝐴𝑦 = 0

So:
𝐴 = 40𝐾𝑁 ⟶
𝐶𝑥 = −40𝐾𝑁 or 𝐶𝑥 = 40𝐾𝑁 ⟵
𝐶𝑦 = 30𝐾𝑁 ↑

c- free-body diagram of pin 𝑩

From the reaction at 𝐴𝑥 tends to compress the element 𝐴𝐵 with 𝐴𝑦 = 0

The resultant force at C = 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐶𝑦 with the force applied on 𝐵 (30 𝐾𝑁) tend to stretch
the element BC
𝐴 = 40𝐾𝑁 ⟶
𝐶𝑥 = −40𝐾𝑁 or 𝐶𝑥 = 40𝐾𝑁 ⟵
𝐶𝑦 = 30𝐾𝑁 ↑

Remark: even 𝐶𝑥 was taken initially rightward, the static equilibrium attribute to it the
opposite sense which the exact sense, leading to a stretching force 𝐹𝐵𝐶 From the resultant
𝑪 at point 𝐶

Concluding that the 𝐹𝐵𝐷 at 𝐵 can be written as:

d- Internal forces in 𝑨𝑩 and 𝑩𝑪 namely 𝑭𝑨𝑩 and 𝑭𝑩𝑪

We can use the equalities form the two triangles, based on the previous question
This leads to:
𝐹𝐴𝐵 𝐹𝐵𝐶 30𝐾𝑁
= =
4 5 3
It gives:

𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 40𝐾𝑁
And 𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 50𝐾𝑁

e- forces 𝑭𝑨𝑩 and 𝑭𝑩𝑪 stretching or compression forces:

𝐹𝐴𝐵 : 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒
𝐹𝐵𝐶 : 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔

f- Stresses
𝐹𝐴𝐵 40 ∗ 1000
𝜎𝐴𝐵 = = = 20,37 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑆𝐴𝐵 𝑝𝑖 ∗ 0.025 ∗ 0.025

𝐹𝐵𝐶 50 ∗ 1000
𝜎𝐵𝐶 = = = 159,15 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑆𝐵𝐶 𝑝𝑖 ∗ 0.01 ∗ 0.01

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