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Binary Tree Concepts

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2 views

Binary Tree Concepts

Uploaded by

ekta sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Understanding Binary Trees

Introduction to Binary Trees:

A binary tree is a hierarchical data structure in which each node has at most two children,

referred to as the left child and the right child. It is widely used in various computer science

applications, such as searching, sorting, and hierarchical data storage.

Key Characteristics:

1. Each node contains a key or value.

2. Every node has at most two children.

3. The topmost node is called the root.

4. Nodes with no children are called leaf nodes.

Types of Binary Trees:

1. Full Binary Tree: Every node has either 0 or 2 children.

2. Complete Binary Tree: All levels are fully filled except possibly the last, which is filled from left to

right.

3. Perfect Binary Tree: All internal nodes have two children, and all leaf nodes are at the same level.

4. Balanced Binary Tree: The height difference between left and right subtrees is minimal.

5. Degenerate (or Pathological) Tree: Each parent node has only one child.

Common Operations:

1. Insertion: Adding an element to the tree.

2. Deletion: Removing an element from the tree.

3. Traversal:

- Inorder (Left, Root, Right)


- Preorder (Root, Left, Right)

- Postorder (Left, Right, Root)

- Level Order (Breadth-first traversal)

4. Searching: Finding a specific element.

Applications of Binary Trees:

1. Expression Trees: Used in compilers.

2. Huffman Coding Tree: Used in data compression.

3. Binary Search Tree (BST): For fast search operations.

4. Heaps: For priority queue implementations.

Conclusion:

Binary trees are a fundamental concept in computer science, providing the foundation for

many algorithms and data structures. Understanding their properties and operations is

essential for solving complex computational problems.

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