RFID DOOR LOCK SYSTEM

submitted in partially fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Electronics and Communication Engineering
By
PRASHANT YADAV (2300970310129)
PRATHAM SHUKLA(2300970310130)
NISHANT TIWARI(2300970310119)

Under the Guidance of

Dr. NINGOMBAM
AJIT
Associate Professor

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

(B. Tech ECE – Accredited by NBA)

Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida

(Affiliated to Dr.A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow)

 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the thesis entitled “RFID DOOR LOCK

SYSTEM” submitted by us/me, for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication
Engineering to Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology,
Greater Noida affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical
University, Lucknow is a record of bona fide work carried out by
us/me under the supervision of DR. NINGOMBAM AJIT.
We further declare that the work reported in this report has
not been submitted and will not be submitted, either in part or in
full, for the award of any other degree or diploma in this institute
or any other institute or university.

Place : Greater Noida

Date : Signature of the Candidates
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “RFID DOOR LOCK SYSTEM”
submitted by PRASHANT YADAV PRATHAM SHUKLA
NISHANT TIWARI Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater
Noida affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (AKTU),
Lucknow, for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Electronics and Communication Engineering, is a record of bona fide work
carried out by him/her under my supervision, as per AKTU code of
academic and research ethics.

The contents of this report have not been submitted and will not be
submitted either in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or
diploma in this institute or any other institute or university. The thesis fulfils
the requirements and regulations of the University and in my opinion meets
the necessary standards for submission.

Place: Greater Noida

Date: Signature of the Guide

Internal Examiner 1 Internal Examiner 2

Approved by
Head of Department
ii
ii
 ABSTRACT

With the rising interest for security, framework with high reliance
and fast reaction frameworks are real need for industries and the
ventures. Radio-Frequency Identification is the most significant
region of future and is increasing huge consideration from a logical
world and enterprises. In this work, RFID based door access control
utilizing Arduino is created. We used RFID ID tag and RFID reader ,
which is used to match the data on tag with the data in the database
program which leads to movement of door by confirming whether the
data is correct and/or incorrect. Opening of the door uses servo
motor that gets its feed from Arduino board. The opening and closing
is based on the flag set by the Arduino response. When the flag is set
to 1, the door opens and if it is set to 0, the door remains closed. The
LED based on the feed also comes from the Arduino board.

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, we would like to express our gratitude to our beloved Chairman Shri.
Suneel Galgotia and CEO Shri. Dhruv Galgotia for proving necessary facilities to
carry out and finish the project successfully. We are grateful to our Director
VIKRAM BALI for his support and encouragement.

Our special thanks goes to Dr. RAHUL VIVEK PUROHIT, Head of the
Department, Electronics and Communication Engineering, for providing an
environment that encouraged us in working towards our goal and supported in
completion of our project. This project gave us an opportunity to apply creative and
critical thinking skills.

We would like to present our deep sense of gratitude to our project guide,
Dr.Ningombam AJIT , Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering who has always been a source of motivation and firm
support for carrying out the project. The supervision and support that she gave truly
helped in the progression of the project. Her cooperation is much indeed appreciated.
We are highly obliged to her for her valuable advices and moral support during
research period.

Finally, our greatest and special gratitude goes to our family for their love and
support.

Place: Greater Noida Prashant yadav

Pratham Shukla
Nishant tiwari

Date:

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 CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Requirements&About the Requirements

Chapter 3: Methodology

Chapter 4: working of the circuit

Chapter 5: Simulation

Chapter 6: Hardware implementation and result

Chapter 7: Conclusion
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

RFID, Radio Frequency Identification is a fundamental and inexpensive

technology that enables wireless data transmission. This technology has not
been very often used in industry due to a lack of standardization among the
manufacturing companies earlier. RFID technologies are efficient and secure
compare to other networks. With RFID, wireless automatic identification
takes a very specific form: the object, location, or individual is marked with
a unique identifier code contained with an RFID tag, which is in some way
attached to or embedded in the target. RFID is not a single product but a
comprehensive system, a typical RFID system includes three basic elements:
RFID tag (transponder), reader (transceiver), and back-end application
system (or database), which demands the support of the computer network.
The software is used for management, controlling, transaction, operation, and
maintaining the record of the various users.
 CHAPTER:2 REQUIREMENT

• RFID module

• Arduino Uno
• I2C module

• Servo motor

• 16×2 LCD Display

• Door lock

• Foamboard

• Iron stick

• Jumper wire
 ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino UNO is categorized as a microcontroller that uses the ATmega328 as a

controller in it. The Arduino UNO board is used for electronics projects and is mostly
preferred by beginners. The Arduino UNO board I type of Arduino board only. The
Arduino board is the most used board of all Arduino boards. The board contains 14
digital input/ output pins of which 6 are analogy input pins, one power jack, a USB
connector, one reset button, an ICSP header, and other components. All these
components are I2C MODULE I2C Module has an inbuilt PCF8574 I2C chip that
converts I2C serial data to parallel data for the LCD display. These modules are
currently supplied with a default I2C address of either 0x27 or 0x3F. To determine
which version, you must check the black I2C adaptor board on the underside of the
module. If there are 3 sets of pads labeled A0, A1, & A2 then the default address will
be 0x3F. If there are no pads the default address will be 0x27. The module has a
contrast adjustment pot on the underside of the display. This may require adjusting the
screen to display text attached to the Arduino UNO board to make it function and can
be used in the project. The board is charged by a USB port or can be directly charged
by the DC supply to the board. The board contains USB interface support that enables
the board to act as a serial device and provide the functionality to connect the board to
other interfaces. The USB interface is also used to provide a power supply to the board.
In the Arduino UNO board, there is a chip placed that is directly plugged into the USB
port and acts as a virtual type of serial port for the computer system. Through this,
communication becomes very smooth and helps the board to connect to various types
of computer systems. The microcontroller used in the Arduino UNO board
ATMega328 is easy to available and can be used easily. The board contains other
identification and tracking of objects. Before discussing RFID, let’s see the uniqueness
of this technology and its general application. Today in most cases barcodes are used
for identifying an item in a warehouse or a supermarket using a barcode scanner, this
existing system can be upgraded with RFID technology. Similar to barcodes the RFID
can also give unique identification numbers to all products, but the added advantage is
unlike the barcode system’s line of sight, this system can detect the RFID tag within its
proximity range. Meaning you do not need a human to search for the barcode and point
the barcode scanner at it. With this feature, most of the system can be automated and
human intervention can be minimized because the tag can be scanned and billed
automatically when it reaches the RFID reader. An RFID reader stays powered on all
the time and is normally powered by an external power source. So when it is ON, the
oscillator in it generates a signal with the desired frequency but as the signal strength
will be very less (which may lead to fading off the signal if it is transmitted directly) it
has to be amplified which can be done using an amplifier circuit, in order to propagate
the signal to a long distance we need to modulate the signal which is done by a
modulator. With all these improvements the signal is now ready to be transmitted
which can be done by an antenna that converts the electrical signal into an
electromagnetic signal. RFIDs are broadly categorized into two types mainly based on
the type of RFID tag used. The two systems are called Active RFID system and
Passive RFID system. RFID is like barcoding in that data from a tag or label are
captured by a device that stores the data in a database. RFID, however, has several
advantages over systems that use barcode asset tracking software.
 I2C MODULE
I2C Module has an inbuilt PCF8574 I2C chip that converts I2C serial data to parallel
data for the LCD display. These modules are currently supplied with a default I2C
address of either 0x27 or 0x3F. To determine which version, you must check the
black I2C adaptor board on the underside of the module. If there are 3 sets of pads
labeled A0, A1, & A2 then the default address will be 0x3F. If there are no pads the
default address will be 0x27. The module has a contrast adjustment pot on the
underside of the display. This may require adjusting the screen to display text
 DOOR LOCK

Most people don't think of door locks as anything special. Because we use them
regularly — when we go to the bathroom, when we leave home for the day, when we
get in and out of our cars — they're often considered mundane and ignored. However,
the lock hidden inside the average door is much more complex than you might expect.
Though there are slight differences depending on the lock's manufacturer, there are
three primary parts of a door lock to keep in mind when learning about the way they
work. Understanding the function of each part can help you troubleshoot problems
with a lock on your own, which might save you a call to your local locksmith if trouble
comes around. Every door lock has both internal and external components. Door
handle or doorknob parts — in addition to the keypad or scanner on an electronic lock
— can be considered external, while the internal parts are composed of everything
hidden inside the door and everything behind the key slot. The internal components
can be considered the lock itself 12
 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
RFID system constitutes of namely two components, which are tag and receiver. A
high frequency electromagnetic field produced by a control unit, a module of radio
frequency, and an antenna coil constitute to make up an RFID reader. The tag, on the
other hand, is a passive component that consists just of an electronic microchip and an
antenna, so when it comes into contact with the transceiver's electromagnetic field,
voltage is generated via induction in the antenna coil, which functions as power for the
microchip
 JUMPER WIRES

Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, allowing them to
be used to connect two points to each other without soldering. Jumper wires are
typically used with breadboards and other prototyping tools to make it easy to change a
circuit as needed. Fairly simple. In fact, it doesn’t get much more basic than jumper
wires. Though jumper wires come in a variety of colors, the colors don’t mean
anything. This means that a red jumper wire is technically the same as a black one. But
the colors can be used to your advantage in order to differentiate between types of
connections, such as ground or power. Jumper wires typically come in three versions:
male-to-male, male-to-female, and female-to-female.
 IRON STRICK

The iron strike is a type of steel that has strength and hardness making it ideal for
many projects such as bridges, buildings, and machines iron strike can be used to form
parts or beams with complex shapes and sizes depending on the desired properties and
applications. Iron strike can also be welded, cold rolled, hot rolled, or galvanized to
enhance its correction resistance and durability. The iron strike is a type of steel that
has high strength and hardness, making it ideal for many projects such as bridges,
buildings, and machines. Iron strikes can be used to form parts and plates. Or beams
with complex shapes and sizes, depending on the desired properties and applications.
Iron strike can also be welded, cold rolled, hot rolled, or galvanized to enhance its
correction resistance and durability
 FOAMBOARD

Foam board is a material that you have probably seen but may not have known or
understood exactly what it was, its uses, and how versatile it is. So, what is foam
board? Here’s the definitive description of what foam board is, along with what it’s
used for. Starting with the quick answer. A Foam board or foam core board is a rigid,
lightweight material that can be moulded or fabricated into shapes and painted.
Commonly used in architecture, design, costumes, and props, mounting prints,
displays, and picture frame backing. It consists of three layers that can easily be cut
with a knife. Well, that’s the simple summary. But let’s go on to describe exactly what
foam board is, and other aspects. There are many types of foam boards on the market,
each best suited to certain needs.
 16×2 LCD Display

16×2 LCD is 32 digits display screen for all kinds of CMOS/TTL devices. This word
comes from the liquid crystal and 16X2 represents its screen size. In the Liquid crystal
display 16×2, there are 2 rows and 16 columns. Besides, 5×8 pixel makes a single
digit. Any digit from the ASCII code is viewable on the module. It supports custom
signs and designs but those require some specific methods and have some limitations.
This display module has too much use in most commercial projects and there is almost
a library in every programming language about it. The premade libraries made it easy
to interface with other devices. There are two section pins on the whole 16×2 LCD
module. Some of them are data pins and some are command pins. Somehow, every pin
has a role in controlling a single pixel on the display.
 SERVO MOTER

Have you ever thought about how a robotic vehicle commonly used in a military
application with bomb detention is controlled or how metal cutting and forming
machines provide precise motion for milling, lathes, and bending for metal fabrication,
or how an antenna positioning system controls the precision in azimuth and elevation?
As you will learn within this lesson, servo motor applications are most used in closed-
loop systems where precise position control is commonly found in industrial and
commercial applications. Together with the recent Real
Pars published a blog post, what is a Stepper Motor and How it Works, and this lesson,
you will learn about motion control using different types of motors available, primarily
stepper and servo motors. In this lesson we will discuss what a servo motor is and how
it works, so let’s first determine what a servo motor is and examine some unique
features of the types of servo motors and their application. Let’s begin, with the servo
motor basics. Servo motors are part of a closed-loop system and are comprised of
several parts namely a control circuit, servo motor, shaft, potentiometer, drive gears,
amplifier, and either an encoder or resolver
 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

RFID system constitutes of namely two components, which are tag and receiver. A
high frequency electromagnetic field produced by a control unit, a module of radio
frequency, and an antenna coil constitute to make up an RFID reader. The tag, on the
other hand, is a passive component that consists just of an electronic microchip and an
antenna, so when it comes into contact with the transceiver's electromagnetic field,
voltage is generated via induction in the antenna coil, which functions as power for the
microchip
 CHAPTER 4 WORKING

The RFID system consists of two components: an RFID tag and a Reader. The RFID
tag consist of integrated circuit and an antenna, integrated circuit is for the storage of
the data, and an antenna is for transmitting the data to the RFID Reader module.
Whenever the RFID tag comes in the range of an RFID reader, an RF signal power the
tag, and then the tag starts transmitting data serially. Data is further received by the
RFID reader and the reader sends it to the Arduino board. And, after that as per the
code in the micro-controller different tasks are performed. In our circuit, we have
already saved the value of the RFID tag in the code. So, whenever that tag comes in
range, the relay gets activated. Here we have connected a LED with the Relay to
demonstrate, but this LED can be replaced by an Electric Door Lock so that whenever
the Relay gets activated the lock will be opened. If we scan any other RFID card, the
buzzer will start beeping as it’s the wrong RFID tag. Hence, for the door lock system,
we have used the concept that the door will only get opened by using the right RFID
tag. The relay will itself get deactivated after 5 seconds, the door will be closed after 5
seconds, and you can change this delay in the code
 CODE

This code is used to know the rfid number of the tag.

/*Door lock system code
* http://srituhobby.com
*/

#include <Servo.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>
#define SS_PIN 10
#define RST_PIN 9
String UID = "";
byte lock = 0;
Servo servo;
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
MFRC522 rfid(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
servo.write(70);
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
servo.attach(3);
SPI.begin();
rfid.PCD_Init();
}
void loop() {
lcd.setCursor(4, 0);
lcd.print("Welcome!");
lcd.setCursor(1, 1);
lcd.print("Put your card");
if ( ! rfid.PICC_IsNewCardPresent())
return;
if ( ! rfid.PICC_ReadCardSerial())
return;
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Scanning");
Serial.print("NUID tag is :")
String ID = "";
for (byte i = 0; i < rfid.uid.size; i++) {
lcd.print(".");
ID.concat(String(rfid.uid.uidByte[i] < 0x10 ? " 0" : " "));
ID.concat(String(rfid.uid.uidByte[i], HEX));
delay(300);
}
ID.toUpperCase();
if (ID.substring(1) == UID && lock == 0 ) {
servo.write(70);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Door is locked");
delay(1500);
lcd.clear();
lock = 1;
} else if (ID.substring(1) == UID && lock == 1 ) {
servo.write(160);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Door is open");
delay(1500);
lcd.clear();
lock = 0;
} else {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Wrong card!");
delay(1500);
lcd.clear();
}
}
CHAPTER 7 STIMULATION
 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION

In this study, we have implemented a digital security system containing a door lock
system using passive RFID. A centralized system is being deployed for controlling and
transaction operations. The door locking system functions in real time as when the user
puts the tag in contact with the reader, the door opens, and the check-in information is
stored in the central server along with basic information of the user. We utilize RFID
technology to provide solutions for secure access of space while keeping a record of
the u
 REFERENCE

1. Zeydin Pala and Nihat Inan, “Smart parking application using RFID technology”,
RFID Eurasia, 1st Annual in RFID Eurasia, 2007.
2. Zhang, L., “An Improved Approach to Security and Privacy of RFID application
System”, Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing. International
Conference. pp 1195- 1198, 2005.
3.Xiao, Y., Yu, S., Wu, K., Ni, Q., Janecek., C., Nordstad, J,” Radio frequency
identification: technologies, applications, and research issues” Wiley Journal of
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 7, May 2007.
4.Goodrum, P., McLaren, M., Durfee, A.,” The application of active radio frequency
identification technology for tool tracking on construction job sites.” Automation in
Construction, 15 (3), 2006, pp 292-302.
5. R. Weinstein, "RFID: a technical overview and its application to the enterprise," IT
Professional, vol. 7, pp. 27 - 33, May-June 2005.
6.Yu-Chih Huang; ”Secure Access Control Scheme of RFID System Application”,
Fifth International Conference on Information Assurance and Security, China, 2009.
7. S. Shepard, “RFID Radio Frequency Identification”, USA, ISBN: 0-07-144299-5,
20
ser
 CHAPTER 6: HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT
Initially, the IR sensor module checks whether the door is open or closed. When the
door is open the IR sensor produces High (1) output value from the output pin. The
Arduino reads this value and understands the door is open, then sends a command to
the servo motor to pull back the barrel handle of the sliding lock to unlock the door.
This time the LCD display screen shows the message “Door is Open! Close The
Door”, and the Red LED starts blinking and the buzzer generates the “Beep Beep”
sound. In this condition, the RFID Reader Module does not read the card and key fob
tags. When the door is closed the IR sensor produces Low (0) output value from the
output pin. Again the Arduino reads this value and understands the door is closed, then
sends a command to the servo motor to push the barrel handle of the sliding lock
forward to lock the door. This time the LCD display screen shows the message
“Welcome – Scan Your Card>>”, and the Red LED is turned on. In this condition, the
RFID Reader Module is Ready to read the card and key fob tags. When an RFID
Card/tag comes in the range of the RFID Reader Module (transceiver), it is scanning
the Card/tag and reads the value. Then Arduino Nano board reads this value from the
RFID Reader and matches this value with the pre-defined value in the code. Already
we have saved the value of the Card/tag in the code. If the Card/tag value is matched,
then the Arduino produces PWM output from Pin 6 to activate the servo motor. Now
the servo motor will pull back the barrel handle of the sliding lock to unlock the door.
For a few seconds, the LCD display screen shows the message “Welcome, Door is
Open”, and the Green LED starts blinking, and the buzzer generates the “Beep Beep”
sound. After this time if the door is not closed then the LCD display screen shows the
message “Door is Open! Close The Door”, and the Red LED starts blinking and the
buzzer generates the “Beep Beep” sound. If the door is closed during this time period,
then the servo motor pushes the barrel handle of the sliding lock forward to lock the
door. Now the system is ready to read the cards again.