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    osy practical questions solved

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    samplenewstate04

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    osy practical questions solved

    Uploaded by

    samplenewstate04
    2 views5 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views5 pages

    osy practical questions solved

    Uploaded by

    samplenewstate04

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    ### 1) What are different versions of Linux Operating System?

    - **Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)**: Widely used in enterprise environments.


    - **Ubuntu**: Popular among desktop users.
    - **Debian**: Known for its stability and use as a base for other distributions.
    - **Fedora**: Cutting-edge distribution backed by Red Hat.
    - **Arch Linux**: Offers customization and control for advanced users.

    ### 2) Enlist the steps for booting the operating system.

    - **Power On**: Hardware initialization begins.


    - **POST (Power-On Self Test)**: Ensures all hardware components function.
    - **Boot Loader Activation**: Loads the bootloader (e.g., GRUB).
    - **Kernel Load**: The OS kernel is loaded into memory.
    - **System Initialization**: System services and processes start.
    - **Login Prompt**: User can now log in.

    ### 3) State names of latest multi-user operating system and its advantages.

    - **Operating Systems**: Ubuntu Server, Windows Server 2022, CentOS Stream.


    - **Advantages**:
    - Resource sharing.
    - Simultaneous multi-user access.
    - Enhanced system management tools.

    ### 4) Differentiate between Command Line OS and GUI OS by giving example.

    - **Command Line OS**: e.g., Linux Terminal. Users interact via text commands.
    - **GUI OS**: e.g., Windows 10. Users interact through graphical icons.

    ### 5) Write and Execute general purpose commands:

    - **date**: Displays current date and time.


    - **time**: Displays and manages system time.
    - **cal**: Shows calendar.
    - **clear**: Clears terminal screen.
    - **banner**: Prints a message in large letters.
    - **tty**: Displays terminal type.
    - **script**: Records terminal session.
    - **man**: Displays manual for commands.

    ### 6) Write down different options for cal commands (Any 5):

    - **cal -3**: Displays three months.


    - **cal -j**: Julian calendar.
    - **cal -y**: Full year display.
    - **cal MM YYYY**: Displays a specific month of a specific year.
    - **cal -m month**: Highlights a specific month.

    ### 7) Write options of date command (Any 5):

    - **date +%D**: Displays date in MM/DD/YY.


    - **date +%T**: Displays current time.
    - **date +%F**: Full date in YYYY-MM-DD.
    - **date +%s**: Unix timestamp.
    - **date --set="2024-11-18"**: Sets the system date.
    ### 8) Write and Execute linux terminal and basic commands:

    - **who**: Displays currently logged-in users.


    - **who am i**: Shows current session information.
    - **login**: Logs user into the system.
    - **pwd**: Prints current working directory.
    - **Present Working Directory Command**: `pwd`
    - **Currently Logged-in Users Command**: `who`
    - **Acquire Superuser Status**: `sudo -i`

    ### 9) Write and Execute process commands:

    - **ps**: Shows running processes.


    - **wait**: Waits for process completion.
    - **sleep**: Delays command execution.
    - **exit**: Exits terminal.
    - **kill**: Terminates processes.

    **Options for kill command**:


    - `kill -9 [PID]`: Force stop process.
    - `kill -l`: List signals.
    - `kill -HUP [PID]`: Restarts process.

    **Options for ps command**:


    - `ps -aux`: Detailed process list.
    - `ps -e`: Lists all processes.
    - `ps -f`: Full format output.

    **Process Management System Calls**:


    - `fork()`, `exec()`, `wait()`, `exit()`.

    ### 10) Write and Execute file and directory manipulation commands:

    - **ls**: Lists files.


    - **rm**: Removes files.
    - **cp**: Copies files.
    - **cat**: Concatenates files.
    - **head**: Displays start of a file.
    - **tail**: Displays end of a file.

    **Options for ls commands**:


    - `ls -l`: Detailed listing.
    - `ls -a`: Includes hidden files.
    - `ls -h`: Human-readable sizes.
    - `ls -R`: Recursive.
    - `ls -t`: Sorts by modification time.

    ### 11) Create three files a1, a2, a3.

    **Command**: `touch a1 a2 a3`

    ### 12) Write and Execute file and directory manipulation commands:

    - **mkdir**: Creates a directory.


    - **cd**: Changes directory.
    - **rmdir**: Removes empty directory.
    ### 13) Difference between comm and cmp command:

    - **comm**: Compares two sorted files line by line.


    - **cmp**: Compares two files byte by byte.

    ### 14) Commands for file permissions:

    - **Assign _rwxr_xr_**: `chmod 751 OSY`


    - **Assign _rwxrwxrwx_**: `chmod 777 OSY`

    ### 15) Write and Execute text processing commands:

    - **tr**: Translates characters.


    - **wc**: Word count.
    - **cut**: Removes sections.
    - **paste**: Merges lines.
    - **sort**: Orders content.

    ### 16) Options of wc command:

    - `wc -l`: Line count.


    - `wc -w`: Word count.
    - `wc -c`: Byte count.
    - `wc -m`: Character count.
    - `wc -L`: Longest line length.

    ### 17) What is difference between Type o and type of O?

    - **Type o**: Lowercase 'o'.


    - **Type of O**: Uppercase 'O'.

    ### 18) Ways to quit the vi editor:

    - `:q`: Quit.
    - `:q!`: Force quit without saving.
    - `:wq`: Save and quit.

    ### 19) Modes in VI editor:

    - **Normal Mode**: For navigation.


    - **Insert Mode**: For text input.
    - **Command Mode**: For executing commands.

    ### 20) Shell script for greatest number:

    ```bash
    #!/bin/bash
    echo "Enter three numbers: "
    read a b c
    if [ $a -gt $b ] && [ $a -gt $c ]; then
    echo "$a is greatest."
    elif [ $b -gt $c ]; then
    echo "$b is greatest."
    else
    echo "$c is greatest."
    fi
    ```
    ### 21) Difference between If [condition] and If ((condition)):

    - **If [condition]**: Used for string or integer comparisons.


    - **If ((condition))**: Used for arithmetic expressions.

    ### 22) Shell script for Fibonacci series:

    ```bash
    #!/bin/bash
    echo "Enter n: "
    read n
    a=0
    b=1
    echo "Fibonacci series:"
    for (( i=0; i<n; i++ ))
    do
    echo -n "$a "
    fn=$((a + b))
    a=$b
    b=$fn
    done
    echo
    ```

    ### 23) Shell script for tables 2 to 10:

    ```bash
    #!/bin/bash
    for i in {2..10}; do
    echo "Table of $i:"
    for j in {1..10}; do
    echo "$i * $j = $((i * j))"
    done
    echo
    done
    ```

    ### 24) Difference between Iteration and Recursion:

    - **Iteration**: Repeats a block of code using loops.


    - **Recursion**: Function calls itself until a base condition is met.

    ### 25) Shell script for copying a file:

    ```bash
    #!/bin/bash
    echo "Enter source file name:"
    read source
    echo "Enter destination file name:"
    read dest
    cp $source $dest
    echo "File copied."
    ```

    ### 26) Shell script to list directories in home directory:


    ```bash
    #!/bin/bash
    ls -d ~/*/
    ```

    ### 27) Permissions for a file:

    - **Read (r)**, **Write (w)**, **Execute (x)**.

    ### 28) Test commands for checking permissions:

    - `[ -r file ]`: Checks read permission.


    - `[ -w file ]`:

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