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CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics

Previous Year’s Solution

(GATE 2019)
This question paper consists of 2 sections, General Aptitude (GA) section for 15 marks and the
subject specific section (PHYSICS) for 85 marks. Both these sections are compulsory.
There will be a total of 65 questions carrying 100 marks.
The GA section consists of 10 questions. Question numbers 1 to 5 are of 1 mark each, while
question numbers 6 to 10 are of 2 marks each.
The subject specific PH section consists of 55 questions, out of which question numbers 1 to 25
are of 1 mark each, while question numbers 26 to 55 are of 2 marks each.
Use the data given in the question while answering that question. If such data are not given,
and the paper has useful data, then the same can be viewed by clicking on the Useful Data
button that appears at the top, right-hand side of the screen.
The question paper consists of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) and Numerical Answer Type
(NAT).
(a) Multiple choice type questions have four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which only ONE is
the correct answer.
(b) For Numerical answer type questions, a numerical answer should be entered.
All those questions that are not attempted will carry zero marks. However, wrong answers for
multiple choice type questions (MCQ) will carry NEGATIVE marks. For multiple choice type
questions, a wrong answering will lead to deduction of 1/3 marks for a 1-mark question and
2/3 marks for a 2-mark question. There is no negative marking for NAT questions.
Only Virtual Scientific Calculator is allowed. Charts, graph sheets, tables, cellular phone or other
electronic gadgets are NOT allowed in the examination hall.

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SECTION: GENERAL APTITUDE
Q1 – Q5 carry one mark each.
Q1 The fishermen, __________ the flood victims owed their lives, were rewarded by the
government.
(a) whom (b) to which (c) to whom (d) that
Ans.: (c)
Q2 Some students were not involved in the strike.
If the above statement is true, which of the following conclusions is/are logically necessary?
1. Some who were involved in the strike were students
2. No student was involved in the strike
3. At least one student was involved in the strike
4. Some who were not involved in the strike were students
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2 and 4
Ans.: (c)
Q3. The radius as well as the height of a circular cone increases by 10 %. The percentage increase in
its volume is __________.
(a) 17.1 (b) 21.0 (c) 33.1 (d) 72.8
Ans.: (c)
1
Solution: Volume of circular cone Vi   r 2 h
3
10ri 110ri
rf  ri  
100 100
10hi 110hi
h f  hi  
100 100
2
1 1  110ri   110hi 
Vi   ri 2 hi  Vf      
3 3  100   100 
2
1  110   110  133.1
V f   ri 2 hi      Vi
3  100   100  100
V f  Vi 1.331Vi  Vi
Percentage increase   100%   100%  33.1%
Vi Vi

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Q4 Five numbers 10, 7, 5, 4 and 2 are to be arranged in a sequence from left to right following
the directions given below:
1. No two odd or even numbers are next to each other
2. The second number from the left is exactly half of the left-most number
3. The middle number is exactly twice the right-most number
Which of the second number from the right?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 10
Ans.: (c)
Solution: 2 5 4 7 10
Q5 Until Iran came along, India had never been _________ in kabaddi.
(a) defeated (b) defeating (c) defeat (d) defeatist
Ans.: (a)

Q6 – Q10 carry two marks each.

Q6 Since the last one year, after a 125 basis point reduction in repo rate by the Reserve Bank of
India, banking institutions have been making a demand to reduce interest rates on small saving
schemes. Finally, the government announced yesterday a reduction in interest rates on small
saving schemes to bring them on par with fixed deposit interest rates.
Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the given passage?
(a) Whenever the Reserve Bank of India reduces the repo rate, the interest rates on small
saving schemes are also reduced
(b) Interest rates on small saving schemes are always maintained on par with fixed deposit
interest rates
(c) The government sometimes takes into consideration the demands of banking institutions
before reducing the interest rates on small saving schemes
(d) A reduction in interest rates on small saving schemes follow only after a reduction in repo
rate by the Reserve Bank of India.
Ans.: (c)
Q7. In a country of 1400 million population 70% own mobile phones. Among the mobile phone
owners, only 294 million access the Internet. Among these Internet users, only half buy goods
from e-commerce portals. What is the percentage of these buyers in the country?
(a) 10.50 (b) 14.70 (c) 15.00 (d) 50.00

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Ans.: (a)
Solution: Total Population  1400 million

70
Mobile owners  1400   980 million
100
Internet users  294 millions
Buyers from e-commerce portal  147 millions
x
1400   147  x  10.50%
100
Q8. The nomenclature of Hindustani music has changed over the centuries. Since the medieval
period dhrupad styles were identified as baanis. Terms like gayaki and baaj were used to refer
to vocal and instrumental styles, respectively. With the institutionalization of music education
the term gharana became acceptable. Gharana originally referred to hereditary musicians from
a particular lineage, including disciples and grand disciples.
Which one of the following pairings is NOT correct?
(a) dhupad, baani (b) gayaki, vocal (c) baaj, institution (d) gharana, lineage
Ans.: (c)
Q9. Two trains started at 7 AM from the same point. The first train travelled north at a speed of
80 km / h and the second train travelled south at a speed of 100 km / h . The time at which they
were 540 km apart is __________A.M.
(a) 9 (b) 10 (c) 11 (d) 11.30
Ans.: (b)
Solution: At 7 A.M .  0 km
8 A.M .  180 km, 9 A.M .  360 km
10 A.M .  540km
Q10. “I read somewhere that in ancient times the prestige of a kingdom depended upon the number
of taxes that it was able to levy on its people. It was very much like the prestige of a head-
hunter in his won community.”
Based on the paragraph above, the prestige of a head-hunter depended upon _____________
(a) the prestige of the kingdom (b) the prestige of the heads
(c) the number of taxes he could levy (d) the number of heads he could gather
Ans.: (d)

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SECTION: PHYSICS
Q1 – Q25 carry one mark each.
Q1. The relative magnetic permeability of a type-I super conductor is
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d)
4
Topic- Solid State Physics
Subtopic- Superconductivity
Ans.: (a)
  
Solution: B   H  0 1    H where  is magnetic susceptibility


  0 1     r   1 
0

For type-I superconductor:   1 r  1  1  0

Q2. Considering baryon number and lepton number conservation laws, which of the following
process is/are allowed?
(i) p   0  e    e (ii) e   e     v

(a) both (i) and (ii) (b) only (i) (c) only (ii) (d) neither (i) nor (ii)
Topic- Particle Physics
Subtopic- Conservation law
Ans. : (c)
Solution: (i) p   0  e  e

B: 1  0 0 0 : Not conserved

Le : 00 1  1 : conserved

So not allowed.
(ii) e   e     

B: 0 00 0 : Conserved

L : 0 0  1  1 : conserved

Le : 1  1  0 0 : conserved

This is allowed through weak interaction.

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Q3. For the following circuit, what is the magnitude of Vout if Vin  1.5V ?
100 R

R 15V
Vin 
Vout

15V

(a) 0.015V (b) 0.15V (c) 15V (d) 150V

Topic- Electronics
Subtopic- Operational Amplifier
Ans. : (c)
Vin  0 0  Vout
Solution: Apply KVL :   V0  100  1.5V  150V
R 100 R
V0  150V which is more than saturation voltage. So Output voltage will be 15V .

d2y y
Q4. For the differential equation 2
 n  n  1 2  0 , where n is a constant, the product of its
dx x
two independent solutions is
1 1
(a) (b) x (c) x n (d)
x x n 1
Topic- Mathematical Physics
Subtopic- Differential Equation
Ans. : (b)
Solution: This is a Euler-Cauchy by differential equation whose characteristic equation is
m 2  m  n  n  1  0

1  1  4n  n  1 1  2n  1 1   2n  1
2

Therefore, m  or m  
2 2 2
or m  1  n , or m  n
Therefore two independent solution are y1  x1 n and y2  x  n

Therefore, y1 y2  x1 n  n  x

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Q5. Consider a one-dimensional gas of N non-interacting particles of mass m with the
Hamiltonian for a single particle given by
p2 1
H 
 m 2 x 2  2 x
2m 2

The high temperature specific heat in units of R  Nk B ( k B is the Boltzmann constant) is

(a) 1 (b) 1.5 (c) 2 (d) 2.5

Topic- Statistical Mechanics
Subtopic- Canonical Transformation
Ans. : (c)
p2 1 1 Nk BT Nk BT
Solution: H   m 2 x 2  m 2 2 x  
2m 2 2 2 2

H
H  Nk BT  CV   Nk B
T

Q6. An electric field E  E0 zˆ is applied to a Hydrogen atom in n  2 excited state. Ignoring spin the

n  2 state is fourfold degenerate, which in the l , m basis are given by 0, 0 , 1,1 , 1, 0 and

1, 1 . If H  is the interaction Hamiltonian corresponding to the applied electric field, which of

the following matrix elements is nonzero?

(a) 0, 0 H  0, 0 (b) 0, 0 H  1,1

(c) 0, 0 H  1, 0 (d) 0, 0 H  1, 1

Topic- Quantum Mechanics

Subtopic- Stark Effect
Ans. : (c) in stark effect , term is non zero only when l  l , m  m
Q7. A large number N of ideal bosons, each of mass m , are trapped in a three-dimensional
m 2 r 2
potential V  r   . The bosonic system is kept at temperature T which is much lower
2
than the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature TC . The chemical potential    satisfies

3 3
(a)    (b) 2    
2 2
(c) 3    2 (d)   3
Topic- Statistical Mechanics
Subtopic- Bose-Einstein Distribution

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Ans. : (a)
Solution: For any gases of bosons, the chemical potential is negative. That is, it is lower than the lowest
possible energy that a particle can have in the system.
3
So for harmonic oscillator:   
2
Q8. During a rotation, vectors along the axis of rotation remain unchanged. For the rotation matrix

0 1 0
 
 0 0 1 , the unit vector along the axis of rotation is
 1 0 0 
 

(a)
3

1 ˆ ˆ
2i  j  2kˆ  (b)
3

1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
i  jk 
(c)
3

1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
i  jk  (d)
3

1 ˆ
2i  2 ˆj  kˆ 
Topic- Mathematical Physics
Subtopic- Rotation Matrix
Ans. : (b)
Solution: Since the vector along the axis of rotation remain unchanged during rotation then
Ax  x …. (i)

0 1 0
 
When A   0 0 1
 1 0 0 
 
Equation (i) is a standard eigenvalue-eigenvector relation for   1 . Equation (i) can be written

 0 1 0   x1   x1 
    
 0 0 1  x2    x2 
 1 0 0   x   x 
  3   3 
or x2  x1 …. (ii)

or x2   x3 …. (iii)

or x1   x3 …. (iv)

 k 
 
Using these relations we see that the general eigenvector is   k 
 k 
 
Therefore a unit eigenvector along the axis of rotation is

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Unit eigenvector 
3

1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
i  jk 
1
Q9. For a spin particle, let  and  denote its spin up and spin down states, respectively. If
2

a 
1
2
      and b 
1
2

     are composite states of two such

particles, which of the following statements is true for their total spin S ?

(a) S  1 for a and b is not an eigenstate of the operator Ŝ 2

(b) a is not an eigenstate of the operator Ŝ 2 and S  0 for b

(c) S  0 for a , and S  1 for b

(d) S  1 for a , and S  0 for b

Topic- Quantum Mechanics

Subtopic- Spin
Ans. : (d)
Solution: For triplet, S  1 for a , and for singlet , S  0 for b

Q10. Consider a transformation from one set of generalized coordinate and momentum ( q, p ) to
another set ( Q, P ) denoted by,

Q  pq s ; P  qr
where s and r are constants. The transformation is canonical if
(a) s  0 and r  1 (b) s  2 and r  1
(c) s  0 and r  1 (d) s  2 and r  1
Topic- Classical Mechanics
Subtopic-Canonical Transformation
Ans. : (b)
Q P Q P
Solution: .  .  1  0  q s rq r 1  1
q p p q

 rq r  s 1  1  s  2 and r  1

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Q11. In order to estimate the specific heat of phonons, the appropriate method to apply would be
(a) Einstein model for acoustic phonons and Debye model for optical phonons
(b) Einstein model for optical phonons and Debye model for acoustic phonons
(c) Einstein model for both optical and acoustic phonons
(d) Debye model for both optical and acoustic phonons
Topic- Solid State Physics
Subtopic- Lattice Vibration
Ans.: (b)
Solution: Debye model is not suitable for optical branch, it is only suitable for acoustical branch.
Whereas Einstein model is useful for optical branch.
Q12. The pole of the function f  z   cot z at z  0 is

(a) a removable singularity (b) an essential singularity

(c) a simple pole (d) a second order pole
Topic- Mathematical Physics
Subtopic- Complex Analysis
Ans. : (c)
Solution: f  z   cot z at z  0

1 1 1 2 
f  z  z  0 is a simple pole f  z   1  z  ....
tan z z 3 
Q13. A massive particle X in free space decays spontaneously into two photons. Which of the
following statements is true for X ?
(a) X is charged
(b) Spin of X must be greater than or equal to 2
(c) X is a boson
(d) X must be a baryon
Topic- Particle Physics
Subtopic- Conservation
Ans.: (c)
Solution: X   
q: 0  0 0 :Charged
spin : 0,1, 2  1 1

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Thus spin of X can be either 0,1 or 2 (integer).
Baryon can not spontaneously decay into photons

Q14. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is given by E  3sin  kz   t  xˆ  4 cos  kz  t  yˆ .

The wave is
4
(a) linearly polarized at an angle tan 1   from the x - axis
3
3
(b) linearly polarized at an angle tan 1   from the x - axis
4
(c) elliptically polarized in clockwise direction when seen travelling towards the observer
(d) elliptically polarized in counter-clockwise direction when seen travelling towards the
observer
Topic- Electromagnetic Theory
Subtopic- EM Wave
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Ex  3sin  kz  t  , E y  4 cos  kz  t 

Since the magnitude Ex  E y ,So polarization is elliptical. y

At z  0, Ex  3sin t , E y  4 cos t

At  t  0, Ex  0, E y  4 x
 3 4
t  , E x  , Ey 
4 2 2

At  t  , Ex  3, E y  0
2
t   , Ex  0, E y  4

Q15. The nuclear spin and parity of 40

20 Ca in its ground state is

(a) 0 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 1

Topic- Nuclear Physics
Subtopic- Spin-parity
Ans.: (a)
Solution: For 40
20 Ca : Protons =20 & Neutrons = 20

So it is an even-even nuclei, therefore spin I  0, and parity is P   ve

 Spin-parity  0

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Q16. An infinitely long thin cylindrical shell has its axis coinciding with the z -axis. It carries a surface
charge density  0 cos  , where  is the polar angle and  0 is a constant. The magnitude of the

electric field inside the cylinder is

0 0 0
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
2 0 3 0 4 0
Topic- Electromagnetic Theory
Subtopic- Gauss Theorem
Ans. : (b)
Solution: The common mistake a student may commit is trying to solve it using gauss theorem. Since
the field is not uniform so gauss law will not be useful.
Now, take a section of the cylinder perpendicular to its axis through the point where the
electric field is to be calculated. (All points on the axis are equivalent.) Consider an element
with azimuthal angle . The length of the element is being the radius of cross section of
the cylinder. The element itself is a section of an infinite strip. The electric field at due to this
strip is

This can be resolved into

On integration the component along vanishes. What remains is

along XO i.e. along the direction

dE  
d  cos   Rd    0 cos  d
 0
2 0 R 2 0 R 2 0
2
0 0
Resultant field inside dE  dE  sin   E   sin  d 
2

2 0 0
2 0

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Q17. Consider a three-dimensional crystal of N inert gas atoms. The total energy is given by

   12   
6

U  R   2 N   p    q    , where p  12.13, q  14.45 and R is the nearest neighbour

  R   R  

distance between two atoms. The two constants,  and R , have the dimensions of energy and
length, respectively. The equilibrium separation between two nearest neighbour atoms in units
of  (rounded off to two decimal places) is____________
Topic- Atomic Physics
Subtopic- Interaction Energy
Ans.: 1.09
   12   
6

Solution: U  R   2 N   p    q   
  R   R  

dU      
11
      
5

For equilibrium  0  2 N  12 p     2   6 q     2   0

dR  R  R   R   R  

 12 6  12 6 12 p 6
 12 p 13
 6 q 7
 0  12 p 13
 6 q 7
 R6  
R R R R 6q
1/ 6
 2p 
R   given p  12.13 , q  14.45
 q 

 2  12.13 
1/ 6

R      1.679    1.09 
1/ 6

 14.45 
R
Thus  1.09

Q18. The energy-wavevector  E  k  dispersion relation for a particle in two dimensions is E  Ck ,

where C is a constant. If its density of states D  E  is proportional to E p then the value of p

is_________.
Topic- Solid State Physics
Subtopic- Density of state
Ans.: 1
Solution: For E  k   k s Where s  0,1, 2,3,......
d 
 1
The density of states in d - dimension is D  E   E s 

2 
 1
Given, E  Ck  s  1, d  2 Thus D  E   E  1 
 E1

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Q19. A circular loop made of a thin wire has radius 2 cm and resistance 2  . It is placed

perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of magnitude B0  0.01 Tesla. At time t  0 the field
 
starts decaying as B  B0 e  t / t0 , where t0  1s . The total charge that passes through a cross

section of the wire during the decay is Q . The value of Q in  C (rounded off to two decimal
places) is____________
Topic- Electromagnetic Theory
Subtopic- Magnetic Feild
Ans. : 6.28
d
Solution:        B.da  B0 e  t / t0  r 2
dt
d d B
    B0 e  t / t0  r 2  0 e  t / t0  r 2
dt dt t0

 B dQ
I  0 e  t / t0  r 2 
R Rt0 dt
B0  t / t0 2 B
Q   Idt   e  r dt  0 e  t / t0  r 2
Rt0 R

0.01   4  104
Q  6.283  c
2
Q20. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave in vacuum is given by

E  E0 cos  3 y  4 z  1.5  109 t  xˆ

The wave is reflected from the z  0 surface. If the pressure exerted on the surface is   E02 ,

the value of  (rounded off to one decimal place) is________.

Topic- Electromagnetic Theory
Subtopic- EM Wave
Ans. : 0.8
I
Solution: The pressure exerted on the surface is given by, P  2 cos  R
c
1  3 4
I  c 0 E02 , K  3 yˆ  4 zˆ  tan  R  , cos  R 
2 4 5
2 1 4
P   c 0 E02   P  0.80 E02
c 2 5

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Q21. The Hamiltonian for a quantum harmonic oscillator of mass m in three dimensions is
p2 1
H  m 2 r 2
2m 2
where  is the angular frequency. The expectation value of r 2 in the first excited state of the

oscillator in units of (rounded off to one decimal place) is_________.
m
Topic- Quantum Mechanics
Subtopic- Harmonic Oscillator
Ans. : 2.5
 
Solution: r 2  x 2  y 2  z 2 
2m 
 
 2nx  1  2n y  1   2nz  1
For first excited state nx  1, n y  0, nz  0

Hence it is triply degenerate one can take

nx  0, n y  1, nz  0 or nx  0, n y  0, nz  1

5  
putting any one combination, expectation value of r 2   2.5
2 m m
p2
Q22. The Hamiltonian for a particle of mass m is H   kqt where q and p are the generalized
2m
coordinate and momentum, respectively, t is time and k is a constant. For the initial condition,
q  0 and p  0 at t  0, q  t   t  . The value of  is ________.

Topic- Classical Mechanics

Subtopic- Hamiltonian
Ans. : 3
H p
Solution:  q  ....(1)
p m

H kt 2
  p  kt  p   ….(2)
q 2

dq kt 2 kt 3
 q  q  t3 so   3
dt 2 6

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Q23. At temperature T Kelvin  K  , the value of the Fermi function at an energy 0.5eV above the

Fermi energy is 0.01 . Then T , to the nearest integer, is __________

( k B  8.62  105 eV / K )

Topic- Statistical Mechanics

Subtopic- Fermi dirac distribution
Ans. : 1262
1 1
Solution: F  E    e  E  EF  / k BT  1 
e  E  EF  / k BT
1 F E

1 F E  EF  1 F  E  EF
 e   E  EF  / k B T    ln   T 
F k BT  F   1 F 
k B ln  
 F 

0.5 0.5 0.5 105

 T    1262.3 K
 0.99  8.62  ln  99  8.62  4.595
8.62 105 ln  
 0.01 
1  0
Q24. Let  1    ,  2    represent two possible states of a two-level quantum system. The
0 1 
state obtained by the incoherent superposition of  1 and  2 is given by a density matrix

that is defined as   c1  1  1  c2  2  2 . If c1  0.4 and c2  0.6 , the matrix element  22

(rounded off to one decimal place) is __________

Topic- Quantum Mechanics
Subtopic- Postulates
Ans. : 0.6
Solution:  2,2   2   2    c1  2  1  1  2  c2  2  2  2  2

 c2  0.6

Q25. A conventional type-I superconductor has a critical temperature of 4.7 K at zero magnetic field
and a critical magnetic field of 0.3 Tesla at 0 K . The critical field in Tesla at 2K (rounded off to
three decimal places) is__________
Topic- Solid State Physics
Subtopic- Superconductivity
Ans.: 0.246

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  T 2    2 2 
Solution: H c T   H 0 1      0.3 1      0.3 1   0.426  
2

  Tc     4.7  

 0.31  0.181  0.3  0.819  0.246 Atm

Q26 – Q55 carry two marks each.

Q26. Consider the following Boolean expression:

 A  B   A  B  C   A  B  C 
It can be represented by a single three-input logic gate. Identify the gate
(a) AND (b) OR (c) XOR (d) NAND
Topic- Electronics
Subtopic- Boolean algebra
Ans. : (d)

Solution: Y   A  B   A  B  C    A  B  C 
 

Y   A  B   A   B  C    AB  AC
 

Y   A  B   A  BC   AB  AC

Y  A  ABC  AB  BC  AB  AC
Y  A  ABC  BC  AB  AB  AC
Y  A  BC  B  AC  A  B  AC


Y   A  AC   B  A  AC  B  A  C  B 
 Y  ABC

cos  kx 
Q27. The value of the integral 

x2  a2
dx , where k  0 and a  0 , is

  ka 2  ka   ka 3  ka
(a) e (b) e (c) e (d) e
a a 2a 2a
Topic- Mathematical Physics
Subtopic- Complex Analysis
Ans. : (a)

cos kx
Solution: x

2
 a2
dx

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eikx eikz
f  z  
z 2  a 2  z  ia  z  ia 

e    e  ka
ik ia
I  Re.2 i  
2ia a
Q28. The wave function   x  of a particle is as shown below
  x

d d

K
x
a/2 a/2

Here K is a constant, and a  d . The position uncertainty  x  of the particle is

a 2  3d 2 3a 2  d 2 d2 d2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12 12 6 24
Topic- Quantum Mechanics
Subtopic- Particle In a box
Ans. : (b)

 a d a d
k ,  2  2  x   2  2

 0,  a  d  x  a  d

Solution:   x    2 2 2 2
 k, a  d  x  a  d
 2 2 2 2
 a d
 0,  0
 2 2
  1
a d a d
  
2 2 2 2
k2  dx  k a d dx  1
2

a d
  
2 2 2 2

 a d   a d    a d   a d  
k 2            k 2          1
 2 2   2 2    2 2   2 2  
d d d d  1
k2      1 k 
2 2 2 2 2d

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Hence wavefunction is symmetric about x  0 , so x  0
a d a d
  
2 2 2 2
x2  k 2  x dx  k a d x dx
2 2 2

a d
  
2 2 2 2

k2  3 ad   
a d

    3 2 2
 x  a d   x  a d 
2 2
3  
   
2 2 2 2 

k2 


 a  d 3   a  d 3   a  d 3   a  d 3 
3 8


k2
24
    
 a 3  d 3  3a 2 d  3ad 2  a 3  d 3  3a 2 d  3ad 2  a 3  d 3  3a 2 d  3ad 2 
 a 3
 d3  3ad  a  d 


x 2

k2
 4 a 3
 12 a 2 
d 
4d d 2  3a 2


3a 2  d 2
24   24  2d 12

2 3a 2  d 2
x  x 2
 x 
12
Q29. A solid cylinder of radius R has total charge Q distributed uniformly over its volume. It is
rotating about its axis with angular speed  . The magnitude of the total magnetic moment of
the cylinder is
1 1 1
(a) QR 2 (b) QR 2 (c) QR 2 (d) QR 2
2 4 8
Topic- Electromagnetic Theory
Subtopic- Magnetic Moment
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Consider a nonconducting disk of radius with a uniform surface
charge density . The disk rot angular velocity .
Calculation of the magnetic moment :
Total charge on disk:
Divide the disk into concentric rings of width
2
Period of rotation: T 

dQ 
Current within ring: dI     2 rdr    rdr
T 2
Magnetic moment of ring:
Magnetic moment of disk:

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   1 
Vector relation:    R 4  QR 2
4 4
This Q is charge of disc let us write it q and reserve Q for total charge.
 R 4
Magnetic moment due to disc  
4
 R 4
For cylinder having thickness dz, d  
4
  dz   q   R 2   R 2 dz 
 R 4 Q R 2
L
Q
4 0  R 2 L
 dz 
4

Q30. Consider the motion of a particle along the x - axis in a potential V  x   F x . Its ground state

energy E0 is estimated using the uncertainty principle. Then E0 is proportional to

(a) F 1/ 3 (b) F 1/ 2 (c) F 2 / 5 (d) F 2 / 3

Topic- Classical mechanics
Subtopic- Uncertainty Principle
Ans. : (d)
p2 p2 p2
Solution: E  F x E  Fx for x  0 E   Fx  0 from uncertainty theory
2m 2m 2m

x.p    p 
x
 p 
2
2
E F  x   E   F x
2m  x 
2
2m
For minimum energy,
1/ 3 1/ 3
dE 2  2   2  mF 
2/3
 2 
  F  0   x      F   E  F 2/3
d x m  x  2m   2 
3
 mF   mF 
Q31. A 3 - bit analog-to-digital converter is designed to digitize analog signals ranging from 0V to
10V . For this converter, the binary output corresponding to an input of 6 V is
(a) 011 (b) 101 (c) 100 (d) 010
Topic- Electronics
Subtopic- ADC
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Total number of steps  2n  1  7

Full scale output 10  0

Step size    1.43
2n  1 7
0   0 0 0   0V
1   0 01  1.42V

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2   010   2.86V
3   011  4.29V
4  10 0   5.72V
5  101  7.15V
E 0 
Q32. The Hamiltonian operator for a two-level quantum system is H   1  . If the state of the
 0 E2 
1  1
system at t  0 is given by   0     then   0    t  at a later time t is
2

2  1
1

(a) 1  e  E1  E2 t / 
2
 1

(b) 1  e  E1  E2 t / 
2

(c) 1  cos  E1  E2  t /   (d) 1  cos  E1  E2  t /  
1 1
2 2
Topic- Quantum Mechanics
Subtopic- Postulates
Ans. : (c)
 iE t 
exp  1 
1  1 1  
Solution:   0      t    
2  1 2 iE2t 
 exp  
  
2

exp  1  exp 2  1  cos  E1  E2  t /  

1 iE t iE t 1
 0  t 
2

4   2
Q33. A particle of mass m moves in a lattice along the x - axis in a periodic potential
V  x   V  x  d  with periodicity d . The corresponding Brillouin zone extends from  k0 to k0

with these two k - points being equivalent. If a weak force F in the x - direction is applied to
the particle, it starts a periodic motion with the time period T . Using the equation of motion
dpcrystal
F for a particle moving in a band, where pcrystal is the crystal momentum of the
dt
particle, the period T is found to be ( h is Planck constant)

2md 2md 2h h
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d)
F F Fd Fd
Topic- Classical mechanics
Subtopic- Uncertainty Principle
Ans. : (d)
d
Solution: E  E  Fdx  F  x 0  Fd
d

h h
Using Heisenberg uncertainty E  t  h , T  t   . Thus correct option is (d)
E Fd

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Q34. Consider a potential barrier V  x  of the form:

V  x
V  x  
V0

x0 xa xb x

where V0 is a constant. For particles of energy E  V0 incident on this barrier from the left
which of the following schematic diagrams best represents the probability density   x  as a
2

function of x ?

  x   x
2
(a) (b)
2

x0 xa xb x x0 xa xb x

(c) (d)
  x   x
2 2

x0 xa xb x x0 xa xb x

Topic- Quantum mechanics

Subtopic- Tunneling
Ans. : (a)
 
Q35. The spin-orbit interaction term of an electron moving in a central field is written as f  r  l  s ,

where r is the radial distance of the electron from the origin. If an electron moves inside a
uniformly charged sphere, then
(a) f  r   constant (b) f  r   r 1 (c) f  r   r 2 (d) f  r   r 3
Topic- Nuclear Physics
Subtopic- Central feild
Ans. : (a)
1 U  
Solution: In spin orbit coupling the interaction term is E   S .L
r r
The electric potential of a uniformly charged sphere at r  R is
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kQe  r2 
U
 3  
2R  R2 
where Q is the electric charge on the sphere of radius R and k is a constant.
  1  U 
The interaction energy is W  f  r  l  s , where for central potential V , f  r    
r  r 
1   kQr   kQ
 f  r    3   3  constant. Thus option (a) is correct.
r R  R
Q36. For the following circuit, the correct logic values for the entries X 2 and Y2 in the truth table are
C

A X G A B P C X Y
1 0 1 0 0 0 1
G 0 0 0 1 0 X2 Y2
Y 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
B

P
(a) 1 and 0 (b) 0 and 0 (c) 0 and 1 (d) 1 and 1
Topic- Electronics
Subtopic- Logic gates
Ans. : (a) C

0 0
0 0
A X 1
0
G
0 Y 0
B
0 1

1
P
 m 
Q37. In a set of N successive polarizers, the m th polarizer makes an angle   with the vertical. A
 2N 
vertically polarized light beam of intensity I 0 is incident on two such sets with N  N1 and
N  N 2 , where N 2  N1 . Let the intensity of light beams coming out be I  N1  and I  N 2  ,
respectively. Which of the following statements is correct about the two outgoing beams?
(a) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is vertical
(b) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is vertical
(c) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is horizontal

(d) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is horizontal

Topic- Optics
Subtopic- Polarization

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Ans. : (c)
2 N1 2 N2
  n / 2    n / 2 
Solution: I  N1   I 0 cos   , I  N 2   I 0 cos  
  N1     N2 
I  N 2   I  N1 

For last polarization, pass axis will be horizontal.

Ex: N1  5

 
10
I  5   I 0 cos 18   0.605 I 0
 
N 2  10

 
20
I 10   I 0 cos 9   0.780 I 0
 
I 10   I  5 

Q38. A ball bouncing of a rigid floor is described by the potential energy function
mgx for x  0
V  x  
 for x  0

Which of the following schematic diagrams best represents the phase space plot of the ball?
(a) (b)  2mE
 2mE
E
E
mg mg
x x

 2mE  2mE

 2mE
(c)  2mE E (d) E E

mg mg mg
x x

 2mE
 2mE
Topic- Classical mechanics
Subtopic- Phase space
Ans. : (b)
p2
Solution: E   mgx  p 2  2m  E  mgx  which is equation of parabola
2m

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Q39. An infinitely long wire parallel to the x -axis is kept at z  d and carries a current I in the
positive x direction above a superconductor filling the region z  0 (see figure). The magnetic

field B inside the superconductor is zero so that the field just outside the superconductor is
parallel to its surface. The magnetic field due to this configuration at a point  x, y, z  0  is

  I    z  d  ˆj  ykˆ
(a)  0  ẑ
 2   y 2   z  d  
2

 
  I     z  d  ˆj  ykˆ  z  d  ˆj  ykˆ 
(b)  0   2  2 
 2   y   z  d  y   z  d  
2 2
I
d
 I     z  d  ˆj  ykˆ  z  d  ˆj  ykˆ  x̂
(c)  0  2  2 
 2   y   z  d  y   z  d  
2 2
superconductor

 I   yjˆ   z  d  kˆ yjˆ   z  d  kˆ 
(d)  0  2  2 
 2   y   z  d  y   z  d  
2 2

Topic- Electromagnetic Theory

Subtopic- Magnetic field
Ans. : (b)

Solution: Verify that B  0 , when d  0 (Magnetic field can not penetrates the superconductor)
Q40. The vector potential inside a long solenoid with n turns per unit length and carrying current I ,
  nI  nI

written in cylindrical coordinates is A  s,  , z   0 sˆ . If the term 0 s  cos  ˆ   sin  sˆ ,
2 2


where   0,   0 is added to A  s,  , z  , the magnetic field remains the same if


(a)    (b)     (c)   2  (d)  
2
  t 1 t ˆ t 
 Useful formulae:  t  sˆ    zˆ; 
s s  z
 
    1 v v   v v  1    sv  vs  
  v   z
   sˆ   s  z  ˆ     zˆ 
  s  z   z s  s  s   
   
Topic- Electromagnetic theory
Subtopic- vector potential
Ans. : (d)

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rˆ rˆ zˆ sˆ sˆ zˆ
   1     1   
Solution: B    A  B  0 nIzˆ
r r  z s s  z
Ar rA 0  nI
0 s 0 s 0
2
  nI  nI  nI
2 2
 
A  s,  , z   0 sˆ  0 s  cos  ˆ   sin  sˆ  0 s  cos   1 ˆ
2

rˆ rˆ zˆ sˆ sˆ zˆ
   1       nI  1   
B    A   B   0 
r r  z  2  s s  z
Ar rA 0 s  sin  s  s  cos   1 0

   nI  1   cos  
B   0  zˆ  2 s  cos   1  s  cos    0 nI  cos   1  zˆ
 2 s  2 
    cos  
B  B,  cos   1  0 nI  0 nI
 2 
 
  cos   cos    
2 2
Q41. Low energy collision ( s - wave scattering) of pion (   ) with deuteron ( d ) results in the
production of two proton (    d  p  p ). The relative orbital angular momentum (in units of
 ) of the resulting two-proton system for this reaction is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
Topic- Particle Physics
Subtopic- Conservation
Ans.: (b)
Solution:   d  p p

Parity:  1   1 (1)l  p p

  1  p p  1
l

Since  p  1   1l  1

Thus, l  1 .

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 p2q4 
Q42. Consider the Hamiltonian H  q, p    2 , where  and  are parameters with
2 q
appropriate dimensions, and q and p are the generalized coordinate and momentum,

respectively. The corresponding Lagrangian L  q, q  is

1 q 2  2 q 2  1 q 2  1 q 2 
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d)  
2 q 4 q 2  q4 q2  q4 q2 2 q 4 q 2
Topic- Classical mechanics
Subtopic- Hamiltonian
Ans. : (a)

ap 2 q 4  H q
Solution: L  pq  H  pq   2 from Hamiltonian equation of motion  q  p  4
2 q p aq

1 q 2 
L 
2 q 4 q 2

 P 
Q43. For a given load resistance RL  4.7 ohm, the power transfer efficiencies   load  of a dc
 Ptotal 

voltage source and a dc current source with internal resistances R1 and R2 , respectively, are

equal. The product R1 R2 in units of ohm2 (rounded off to one decimal place) is_________

Topic- Electronics
Subtopic- Network Analysis
Ans. : 22.09
Solution: For dc voltage source :
2 R1
V2  V 
Ptotal  and PRL    RL
R1  RL  R1  RL 
V RL
PRL RL
dc vol  
Ptotal R1  RL

For dc current source :

2
 RR   R2 I 
Ptotal  I  2 L  and PRL  I L2 RL  
2
 RL
 R2  RL   R2  RL 
PRL R2
dc curr   I R2
Ptotal R2  RL RL

Since  dc vol  dc curr

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RL R2
   RL  R2  RL   R2  R1  RL   R1 R2  RL2
R1  RL R2  RL

 R1 R2   4.7   22.09  2
2

Q44. The ground state electronic configuration of the rare-earth ion ( Nd 3 ) is  Pd  5s 2 5 p 6 4 f 3 .

8
Assuming LS coupling, the Lande g - factor of this ion is . The effective magnetic moment in
11
units of Bohr magneton  B (rounded off to two decimal places) is ____________.

Topic- Atomic physics

Subtopic- LS coupling
Ans.: 3.62
Solution: f 3  M L  3 2 1 0 1 2 3

L  6, S  3 / 2, J 9/2

8 99 
  g J  B J  J  1   B    1
11 22 

8 9 11
   B  3.62  B
11 2 2
Q45. A projectile of mass 1kg is launched at an angle of 300 from the horizontal direction at t  0

and takes time T before hitting the ground. If its initial speed is 10 ms 1 , the value of the

action integral for the entire flight in the units of kgm 2 s 1 (round off to one decimal place)

is___________. [Take g  10 ms 2 ]
Topic- Classical mechanics
Subtopic- Lagrangian
Ans. : 33.3
2v sin 
Solution: T   1sec
g

L
1
2
 
m x 2  y 2  mgy

x  v cos   5 3ms 1 y  v sin   gt  5  10t

1 2 1 1 1
y  ut  gt  v sin  t  gt 2  10. t  10t 2  5t  5t 2
2 2 2 2

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L  1 5 3
1
  
  5  10t    1 10  5t  5t 2 
2 2

2  

L  100t 2  100t  50

 
T 1
A   Ldt   100t 2  100t  50 dt  33.3
0 0

Q46. Let  be a variable in the range      . Now consider a function

  
1 for  
     2 2
0 otherwise


if its Fourier-series is written as     C e  im , then the value of C3 (rounded off to
2
m
m 

three decimal places) is__________.

Topic- Mathematical Physics
Subtopic- Fourier series
Ans. : 0.011

1
Solution: The Fourier coefficient Cn is Cm   f  x  eim d
2l 

Here 2l  2 ,
 /2
 e 
1 1 1 im  / 2 1
 1 e d e im / 2  e  im / 2 
im
Therefore, Cm   
2  / 2
2 im   / 2 2 im

For m  3
1
C3  e3 i / 2  e 3 i / 2 
6 i
1  3  1 3 1 1
or, C3   2i sin  sin   1  
6 i  2  3 2 3 3
2
 1  1
Therefore, C3     2  0.011
2

 3  9

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Q47. Two spaceships A and B , each of the same rest length L , are moving in the same direction
4c 3c
with speeds and , respectively, where c is the speed of light. As measured by B , the
5 5
time taken by A to completely overtake B [see figure below] in units of L / c (to the nearest
integer) is ___________
(i) (ii)
A 4c / 5 A 4c / 5

B 3c / 5 B 3c / 5

Topic- Classical mechanics

Subtopic- STR
Ans. : 5
4 3 c
c c
5
Solution: u A, B  5 5  5  c
4 3 1 13 13
1  c. c. 2
5 5 c 25
Kinematic equation is given by

5 25 5L
c  t  L 1 Lt    5
13 169 c
Q48. A radioactive element X has a half-life of 30 hours. It decays via alpha, beta and gamma
emissions with the branching ratio for beta decay being 0.75 . The partial half-life for beta
decay in unit of hours is ____________
Topic- Nuclear Physics
Subtopic- Radioactivity
Ans.: 40
Solution: Branching ratio for a decay process is the ratio of the number of particles which decay via a
specific decay mode with respect to the total number of particles which decay via all decay
modes.
 t1/2  X  t T  30
BR    t1/ 2  p   1/ 2   40 hours
X t1/2    B.R .75

Q49. In a thermally insulated container, 0.01 kg of ice at 273 K is mixed with 0.1 kg of water at
300 K . Neglecting the specific heat of the container, the change in the entropy of the system
in J / K on attaining thermal equilibrium (rounded off to two decimal places) is____________
Topic- Statistical Mechanics
Subtopic- Ideal gas

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Ans. : 1.03
Solution: Teq  290.29 K (Heat gain  Heat lost)

mice L  miceC T  273  m C  300  T 

T  290.29 K

s   sice  swater

mice L T
 s ice   miceC ln i  14.85 J / K
Tice Tice

290.29
 S water  m C ln  13.82 J / K
300
S  1.03 J / K
Q50. Consider a system of three charges as shown in the figure below:
z
 r , 
q

q d  q
 
2 2
y
d d

For r  10 m;  60 degrees; q  106 Coulomb, and d  103 m , the electric dipole potential in

volts (rounded off to three decimal places) at a point  r ,   is _________

1 Nm 2
[Use:  9  109 2 ]
4 0 C

Topic- Electromagnetic theory

Subtopic- Electric dipole potential
Ans. : 0.045
q q
Solution: The Monopole moment Qmono  q   0
2 2
q q
The dipole moment Qdipole  qdzˆ  dyˆ  d   yˆ   qdzˆ
2 2

1 pr ˆ 1 qd cos 
V  r ,   
4 0 r 2
4 0 r2
106  103  cos 600
V  r ,    9  109   0.045 Volts
10 
2

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Q51. Consider two system A and B each having two distinguishable particles. In both the systems,
each particle can exist in states with energies 0,1, 2 and 3 units with equal probability. The
total energy of the combined system is 5 units. Assuming that the system A has energy 3
units and the system B has energy 2 units, the entropy of the system is k B ln  . The value of

 is_________.
Topic- Statistical Mechanics
Subtopic- Ensemble
Ans. : 12
EA  3 EB  2
A B 3
A B A B
2
B A AB
1
B A B A
0

A  4 B  3
Solution:   4  3  12
S  ln   k B ln12

  12 .
Q52. Electrons with spin in the z - direction  ẑ  are passed through a Stern-Gerlach (SG) set up with

the magnetic field at   600 from ẑ . The fraction of electrons that will emerge with their spin
parallel to the magnetic field in the SG set up (rounded off to two decimal places)
is___________
 0 1  0 i   1 0 
 x   ,  y   , z   
 1 0 i 0   0 1 
Topic- Quantum mechanics
Subtopic- Stern Gerlach Experiment
Ans. : 0.25

 cos 600   1/ 2  1 1 1

Solution:       state related to up state is ,     
 sin 600  2 2 0
   3 / 2
The fraction of electrons that will emerge with their spin parallel to the magnetic field
2 1
   0.25
4

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1  
Q53. The Hamiltonian of a system is H    with   1 . The fourth order contribution to the
  1
ground state energy of H is  4 . The value of  (rounded off to three decimal places)
is_________.
Topic- Quantum Mechanics
Ans. : 0.125
1  
Solution: H    the eigen value of the Hamiltonian is Eg   1   , E f   1  
2 2

  1

The ground state is Eg   1   2

 2 4  2 4
Taylor expansion of  1   2   1   .....   1   .....
 2 8  2 8

1
   0.125
8
Q54. Two events, one on the earth and the other one on the Sun, occur simultaneously in the earth’s
frame. The time difference between the two events as seen by an observer in a spaceship
moving with velocity 0.5c in the earth’s frame along the line joining the earth to the Sun is  t ,
where c is the speed of light. Given that light travels from the Sun to the earth in 8.3 minutes
in the earth’s frame, the value of  t in minutes (rounded off to two decimal places)

is____________
(Take the earth’s frame to be inertial and neglect the relative motion between the earth and
the sun)
Topic- Classical mechanics
Subtopic- STR
Ans. : 4.77

Solution: t2  t1  0 x2  x1  8.3  3  108  60 v  0.5c

 vx   vx   
 t2  22   t1  21   
t  t2  t1   c  c    t2  t1   v  x2  x1   4.77 min
 v2   v2   v2  c2 v2
 1  2   1  2   1  2  1 2
 c   c   c  c

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Q55. In a certain two-dimensional lattice, the energy dispersion of the electrons is
  
  1
 k  2t cos k x a  2 cos k x a cos
2 2
3
kya
 

where k   k x , k y  denotes the wave vector, a is the lattice constant and t is a constant in

units of eV . In this lattice the effective mass tensor mij of electrons calculated at the center of

2   0 
the Brillouin zone has the form mij    . The value of  (rounded off to two decimal
ta 2  0  

places) is ____________
Topic- Solid state physics
Subtopic- Free electron theory
Ans.: 0.33
Solution: Effective mass tensor matrix 4
 1 1   1 
m 0 
mxy   mxx
mij    
xx

 1 1   1 
   0
 myx m yy   myy 

2 2
When mxx  2 and m yy  2
 E / k x2  E / k y2

E  1   3 
Now  2t  a sin k x a  a sin  k x a  cos  k y a  
k x  2   2  

2 E  2 a2 1   3 
 2t  a cos  kx a   cos  x 
k a cos  2 y  
 k a
dk x2  2 2    
At the Brillouin zone centre i.e. at k x  k y  0

2 E  1
  2ta 2 1    3ta 2
k x
2
 2

E  1   3 
Similarly,  2t  3a cos  k x a  sin  k y a  
k y  2   2  

2 E  3a 2 1   3 
 2t  cos  x 
k a cos  2 y  
 k a
k y2  2 2    
At the Brillouin zone centre i.e. at k x  k y  0

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2 E
 3ta 2
y
2

2 2 2 2
Thus mxx   and m  
 2 E / k x2 3ta 2  2 E / k y2 3ta 2
yy

 2  1 
 3ta 2 0 
2 3 0
mij      
  2  ta
2
0 1
 0 3ta 2   3 
1
Thus    0.333
3

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