A

CURVATURE @)
lwtvate of a Culue B

meeical
beutnecs
A
be two
neighbowing poinls
Cuiwe AB!
Pa -Ss
at pp and 6 make augleg
tangents
so hat betwten tue taugeuk
Sa le taugeut has
terned throupb an intauce
throupw Cuature Qudl
Called
laled aveafe
cuuatne
ralle f avee
Lomitug
abtoaedrs to p
en at
fue utatwre
Caled
deusted bt K
pout P aud
lusevare K
Bout P dy
Note TAians,
meaed
wit
(ti) The relaeon bet eew
Cutwee
 2.
RADIUS OF CURVATURE
Censide
fox).
P

R M 7X
be tro neighhouwuis
P(a) Swe AB. let Osc AC =S
oute
and PQ = ds, also l r d
Frm qht auqad APNQ,
PN+Ng

lit P
aud
ds
fa cere

2 inide]
 2
ds
ds

ay tout of
mmakes

Jan

W.Y.tu

dy
dh
2
eUtvauie Cuwe

at a þot definsd
Cwe
Cutsate
Qnd deited
pout ds
Tus

ds ds
dy dy
From

]
 RAbIUS OF CURVATURE
FoRMULAE
of
tw (teto)

taew (22 +0)

dy
o-rduiate
3. Fo otan
Asteu)
l)
+2
 |oN RAbIUS CuRVA TURE)
!. Find Tadim df luwatre of
23

out (2))
ANS
to

dy ch -4
= -|
fesutiatait dy
(a)n--(aDli
[2*3+) -(2-)1+29 %)
-(2), (a)(
(%-4)2
32

Radio Cuuaue at (% /)
(1+9) 32
3v2

3
 2. radis Cusuaee
ay fout
ANs.
da ali+oo) de
a Send
Jau
da alitoso) 2Cob
d do
h dz

LSee
2a 2 les

=
[i+ya)-q
dry

(sec' b) Sec
Aa
ee

3. Flad te radio lutwate

fout ( , e) of t varie
Poove
ANS .T

Diffeelinhig
dy
d
We
Know, Co-clicle

(r+ r)
7 + 2 T , 2r

|a7i- Cos)ar Se? 7

a-os )+ alI- cos?)71

a-tos) 2av (I-Cos)- a cos(|- cro)
3

aT-cos o)| |- Cos +2+ 2 Co8

2.

ali-os )2 X2
3

3
vaie
Airesly
Cen stat)
3
FoRMUL.A OF ENTRE OF CURVATURE

Ceuhe of cusate a fot pa)

giveu by

Equatew 2

(a-)+(y-)- p
EvOLUTE & ENVOLUTE
Tue Ceutre of cuatue Por
Cutwe
alled ets EvoL TE aud

Cule
Cled INVOLUTE
erotute. 4

CHOR of eURVATURE

Con ides eicle of

Cusustme at a iveu out
Cuve. be
Ceuhre aud
radiw

fa
PN aud be
Cuuatre aud

unth n-ans

tuen
PL 2p &ui
PM =
ALTERNATIVE WAY 6f FINDING EvoLUTE
to lhe eùrolute
Que tangeuts to uits eo t e .
Conve eoty ie taungents ivo ute.
to

Tue above
tteerRw ves Second

Rvoute
Cuwe

ten tu variatla normas to

at p wil cmtinusuay loucw a cusue
lolicw evoute of lue
iwe T. This
Kmosa
normals
ENVE LOPE
famiy
F (a, ) =0
=0 ives
oee auameler
betweew 2quahons
F(2:) =D
ives ti eqnatow eavelße
Lues F(a) o
 PobRns
Feind of cuswatue
72+2a++| at (o,)

Ans Tue Co-o lies Cetre of

Cwratue
+l y

62t4
at (o, ),
at (0,d
4

ref (-4)
Friud 2quaten of l i
2.
Cuetue
t ChosSe n- a ,
poiut tee
=etand
RulerSecn
=0 ( a-anin) ie, (l, o)
(2,
et

luturt
ewe' of
I(+ 3
-)

-)
 At ( 1, . radis
= 2

cusateue
cicte
So
(2-)7+ (Ht) =(2)
9

Culuatus
ciicle
3, Find
Cuwe
a l B -9Cos ) at
J e t 8.
AS a
d
a 8Cer

de
=tau
da

(+tau

(ä,)
 tanol1+tau)
1

lttauD

Re
(n-ais)t

4. Fend
Ans Hes he take lie

da aen
b
a

)
a
b neL9

coutre of
a cos -etototo
b unec>
 Cosec

( a^Be,
Cosoa'(i-Coso)+b Cot

alo +b'eos)

b Cosec

eNoute we s l s d
To qet lie egn of
loes
Ne elliinate
 (4

Cos 3 =

by

-(a)
(
aud (2
(a-s)
Ceure
locus ute
(akby

5. Pooe 3
27a(2-) (2a t24-3)
Ces si de
l panametnc form,
As he
4
= a cof?A
da dt
de
dyt do - tau'
dado
de
d& (
24au e'
24
 euwatne
(2,) e Ceuhre

Now ta I+tai)

a cosB+ 2a Sur See + os

Cos
(Bu +cos40)
acos + 2a
:4)
Q cos4

as i + 2a los

Similayn-y aleoo-t8)+2a(sus+ua)

28 - 2a (&e+uo)-2sulte
a cos29
acos 2 0 -2(1-, sul 28)

(a-) Cos2
29
 6

+ 2a (du o tose)(+u)
8aBu8 t cos8)
(I- 2Su cos)
3a ( 2 - fu 28
2(24) 3a( 1+ Cos2)
2(7+) -3a 3alo 28
b h 6deg
3 27a cos29
(22+2y -3)
Ba) 242 (-)
(27+24
2n o gute
3
(27t = 27a a - )
evote
o
$anassa yt=
2
40n concideing
normals).
emveleße
We USe aue he of
-2at

t
bifereuiteip W.r.to
12alt =20
dt
2a
2at
 Kno, normal at P(at, 2at)
7
t2at
7-2at - t (a- at?)
at
w.r. to t
diferRu Hatep

Now elminalip tt tom gqns Ooud 2)

hom t= 2- 2a
3a
)
(a-2a) t
hom
(a-2a)2-24 3A
a
3a

(2-z2)
olich
Tequire d eUstute