COMPREHENSIVE REPORT OF INTODUCTION TO LITERATURE, LITERARY

CRITICISM, AND DRAMA

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for Sarjana Sastra (S.S)

JULIANI DEATRI DAFA

NIM : 181010600418

PROGRAM STUDI SASTRA INGGRIS

FAKULTAS SASTRA
UNIVERSITAS PAMULANG
2023
Comprehensive Paper of Introduction To Literature, Literary Criticsm, and
prose

NURMALA SARI

REG NO: 181010600338

The thensis has been examined and defended by Board of Examiners of

English Departement, Faculty of letters Universitas Pamulang

On August, 2024

Examiner I Examiner II

NIDN.

Advisor

Tryana, S.S., M.A NIDN.042117104

Nama: Nurmala Sari

Reg. No. 181010600338

Study Program : English Departement

Filed : Literature

Comprehension litle : Comprehensive Paper Of Introduction to literary

Criticsm, and prose

Comprehension Advisor : Tryana, S.S., M.A

The student mentioned above states that this thesis is originally written by the
writer and the contents of the thesis are fully the writer’s responsibility.

Pamulang, August 5th2024

The writer, Nurmala Sari

This report is prepared as one of the requirements to obtain a Bachelor of
Arts degree, English Department, Faculty of Letters, Pamulang University.
The title of this report is "Synthetic Article Introduction to Literature,
Literary Criticism and Prose". This report contains three main contents,
namely introduction to literature, literary criticism, and prose. The author
hopes that this article can provide readers with insight into literature, literary
criticism, and prose. Hopefully this report can be useful in meeting the need
for knowledge in the future and providing a wealth of information for future
generations.

Pamulang, August 5th2024

Nurmala Sari
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim First of all, the author would like to express his
deepest gratitude to Allah SWT who always guides the way and gives strength
and health to the author so that he can finish this paper, praying that God's
mercy and blessings will continue to be bestowed on the Prophet Muhammad.
Mohammed. SWT. Congratulations toourbeloved Prophet4o Muhammad
Firuge, the most important person who brought us from darkness to light,
showing us the right path of life.

The author also expresses his deepest gratitude to the parties who have
worked together tirelessly, continued to support the author and prayed for the
author sincerely during the research process. The author realizes that this
article cannot be completed without the presence, support, and prayers of
many parties who have helped the author complete it. Therefore, the author
would like to express his deepest gratitude to the parties who have contributed
to this process, they are :

1. Dr. Pranoto, S.E., M.M., as the Head of Sasmita Jaya Foundation.

2. Dr. H. E. Nurzaman, AM., M.M., M.Si as the Rector of Universitas

Pamulang.

3. Dr. Mohammad Ramdon Dasuki, L.C., M.A as the Dean faculty of

Letters, Universitas Pamulang.

4. Tryana, S.S., M.A as the Head of English Department, Universitas

Pamulang
5. Setiana Sri Wahyuni Sitepu, S.Pd., M.Pd. as Secretary of English
Department of Universitas Pamulang.

6. Tryana, S.S., M.A. as the writer’s advisor who has provided advice,
Thank you for your guidance and direction so far, it has made it easier for the
author to complete the paper well.

7. All lecturers of the English Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas

Pamulang.

8. My two parents, whom I love and care for very much, are the biggest
motivation for the author and have helped me a lot in completing this thesis,
and their prayers are my encouragement to continue moving forward until
the author is able to complete his studies.

9. My beloved husband, thank you for helping me and giving support to

complete this paper well and patiently, and my heavenly child, I say alfatiha.

10. My best friends; Syarah, Titi, Daffa, Ristha, Ravilda and Meiva who
have given support, reminded, and accompanied the author in both joy and
sorrow, are a place for the author to tell stories, and there are still many
things that the author cannot convey here as well. as the best support for the
author to complete the article.
Table of Contents
No table of contents entries found.
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Studying literature is the same as learning about our lives because literature can reflect our real
lives. That is the reason why many literary works today do not conflict with real life when they
want to create results. Today's era is developing so rapidly that literary works are not only used
to entertain the readers. It also makes many writers do their literary works by taking topics or
stories that provide criticism of all aspects of life.

According to Dubey (2013) Literature greatly reflects society. What happens in society is
reflected in literary works. Society is defined as a group connected by continuous and unbroken
relationships. Human society is characterized by relationships between individuals who share
culture, traditions, beliefs, values, etc. Because literature reflects human society, literature can
represent all aspects of human civilization, including culture, traditions, and values.

According to Peck and Coyle (1984), literature is a collection of written works that provoke
thought and emotion, characterized by its artistic and imaginative qualities. An introduction to
literature helps its readers understand its form, purpose, and influence on personal and cultural
development.

Literary works can be grouped into two main categories, namely fiction and nonfiction, which
makes the structure important for understanding various types of literary works.

Literature is a reflection of society that often depicts social issues such as injustice, gender, class,
race, colonialism, and the struggle for human rights. Authors frequently use literature to
highlight these issues, directly through narrative or symbolically through characters, settings, and
plots.

Literary theory provides an analytical framework that helps us understand how literature depicts
social issues. Here are some literary theories that are relevant to discussing social issues.
Marxist Theory

According to Marx and Engels, Marxism is defined as analyzing history through the lens of
materialism. Social change occurs because of the conflict between the means of production and
the relations of production. In the book The German Ideology (1846), Marx and Engels stated
that human history develops through class conflict and changes in the mode of production. This
theory states that economic structures influence social, political, and cultural structures.

These Marxist theories focus on how the capitalist economic system regulates power relations,
and how this system leads to social and economic injustice, as well as the potential for change
through class struggle.

Feminist Theory

In her book The Feminine Mystique (1963), Betty Freiden described the dissatisfaction of
women who felt trapped in domestic roles and urged women to pursue their freedom and identity
outside the household. The book critiqued the traditional role of women in the household
promoted by American media and culture at the time.

Feminist theories have evolved, each contributing to a deeper understanding of gender, power,
and inequality. From early calls for legal equality to more recent critiques of gender as a social
construct, feminist scholars have developed a range of perspectives that challenge traditional
power structures and advocate for the liberation of women and other marginalized groups.

Postcolonialism Theory
Edward Said (1978) argued that the West (“Occident”) has historically constructed the East
(“Orient”) as the “other,” depicting it as exotic, backward, and inferior. This binary served to
justify colonial domination and control. Orientalism is a discourse that perpetuates stereotypes
about non-Western cultures, emphasizing the power imbalance between the colonizer and the
colonized.

Postcolonial theories provide critical insights into how colonialism has shaped global power
dynamics, identities, and cultures. These theories not only critique historical injustices but also
emphasize the continuing impact of colonialism in contemporary politics, economics, and
cultural representations. These theories offer tools for understanding and challenging neocolonial
systems, making them particularly relevant in today’s interconnected world.

Race and Ethnicity Theory

Derrick Bell, Kimberlé Crenshaw, and Richard Delgado (2001) argue that racism is embedded in
legal systems, institutions, and social structures, not just a matter of individual prejudice. The
concept of intersectionality introduced by Kimberlé Crenshaw highlights how multiple forms of
discrimination, such as race, gender, and class, intersect and exacerbate oppression. CRT
emphasizes the importance of lived experience and stories in understanding racial issues. It
concludes that structural racism perpetuates inequality, and legal reform alone cannot eliminate
it.

Theories of racism and ethnicity reveal how these concepts are socially constructed and
embedded in institutions, culture, and everyday practices. This framework helps analyze the
persistence of inequality, identity dynamics, and the need for structural change to achieve racial
justice.
Psychoanalytic Theory

Psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud, is a theoretical framework that explores the

unconscious mind, personality structure, and the role of repressed thoughts in shaping behavior.
In Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905) Sigmund Freud divided it into 3 parts, the Id
or primitive, instinctive part of the mind driven by the pleasure principle. The rational, decision-
making part, balancing the id and superego, is guided by the reality principle. The Superego,
which drives the moral conscience, is shaped by the norms and values of society.

Repressed desires and unresolved conflicts from childhood manifest themselves in dreams, slips
of the tongue, and neuroses.

The stages of psychosexual development are critical to the formation of personality. Human
behavior is influenced by unconscious drives and early life experiences.

These theories provide tools for exploring the unconscious mind, identity formation, and the
complexities of human behavior in the context of the individual and society.
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

CONTOH

1.1 Materi Mata Kuliah 1/SEMANTICS

1.1.1 Sub Materi 1/Understanding of Semantics
1.1.2 Sub Materi 2/Meaning classification
1.1.3 Sub Materi 3/Lexica Relation
1.1.4 Studies on Semantics

1.2 Materi Mata Kuliah 2/Pragmatics

2.2. 1 Sub Materi 1/Understanding
2.2.2 Sub Materi 2/Speech acts
 2.2.3 Sub Materi 3/Maxim
2.2.4 Studies on Pragmatics

2.3 Materi Mata Kuliah 2/SOCIOLINGUISTICS

2.3.2 Sub Materi 1/Understanding of Sociolinguistics
2.3.3 Sub Materi 2/Code-mixing/switching
2.3.4 Sub Materi 3/ Register and Jargon
2.3.5 Studies on Sociolinguistics