ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY General

Math

Directions: Read the short story below and list down all propositions that
can be found in the story. Write your answers on your answer
sheet.

THE BUTTERFLY
A man found a cocoon of a butterfly.

One day a small opening appeared. He sat and watched the butterfly for
several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole.

Until it suddenly stopped making any progress and looked like it was
stuck.
So the man decided to help the butterfly. He took a pair of scissors and Quarter 2 Week 7-A
snipped off the remaining bit of the cocoon. The butterfly then emerged (M11GM-IIg-1-2)
easily, although it had a swollen body and small, shriveled wings. The learner illustrates and symbolizes propositions.
The man didn’t think anything of it and sat there waiting for the wings to
enlarge to support the butterfly. But that didn’t happen. The butterfly Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
spent the rest of its life unable to fly, crawling around with tiny wings and work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
a swollen body. agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
Despite the kind heart of the man, he didn’t understand that the payment of royalties.
restricting cocoon and the struggle needed by the butterfly to get itself This MathPACKS is published to be utilized by the Schools Division of Iloilo.
through the small opening; were God’s way of forcing fluid from the body
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource maybe reproduced
of the butterfly into its wings. To prepare itself for flying once it was out
or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
of the cocoon. permission from the Schools Division of Iloilo.
Moral of the story:
Our struggles in life develop our strengths. Without struggles, we never Writer: JANET E. EQUIBAL
grow and never get stronger, so it’s important for us to tackle challenges Graphic Artist: PATRICK T. LOMIGO
on our own, and not be relying on help from others (https://mypositive Layout Artist: KRISHEA MAE P. JARUDA
voice .com /the-butterfly-short-story/). Division Quality Assurance: DR. KIM S. ARCEÑA
ROGER A. ALAVATA
To learn more, click the link below: EPS I - Mathematics: DR. KIM S. ARCEÑA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzZPyfZPq90&pbjreload=101 Management Team:
Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr.
References: Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Oronce, Orlando A. General Mathematics. Rex Book Store, 2016.
Department of Education. General Mathematics Learner’s Material. Lexicon Press Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay,
Inc.,2016. Dr. Kim S. Arceña
 GENERALIZATIONS
EXERCISE
Proposition is a declarative sentence that is either true or false, but
not both. If a proposition is true, then its truth value is true which is
denoted byT ; otherwise, its truth value is false and is denoted by F. Directions: Determine whether each of the following statements is
Propositions are usually denoted by small letters. For example, a proposition or not. If a proposition, give its truth value. Write your
answers on your answer sheet.
p : I love studying mathematics.
1) b: A circle is a polygon.
This may be read as, “p is a proposition I love studying mathematics.”
2) c: Corona virus is deadly.
A paradox is a declarative sentence which could neither be true, nor
false, or both true and false. 3) d: She is so pretty.

4) f: The sum of 5 and 3 is 9.

EXAMPLES 5) g: Janette L. Garin is the current Secretary of Health.

Determine whether each of the following statements is a proposition 6) h: The sum of two even numbers is even.
or not. If a proposition, give its truth value.
7) j: Do we have a class tomorrow?
1) p : Twelve is a prime number.
8) k: Iloilo City is the queen city of the south.
Solution: This is a declarative sentence but twelve is not a
prime number,therefore it is a false proposition.
9) m: I love you!
2) r : Stay away from me!
10) n: Rodrigo Duterte is the 16th president of the Philippines.
Solution: This is an imperative sentence, and so it is not a
proposition. 11) p: A hexagon is a polygon with six sides.
3) s : A square is a rectangle.
12) r: Please lend me your ears.
Solution: This is a declarative sentence, and since a square is a
rectangle, then s is a true proposition. 13) s: Red is a primary color.
4) t : Do you want to travel abroad? 14) t: n is an odd number.
Solution: This is an interrogative sentence. Hence, it is not a
proposition. 15) v: December 25 is Christmas Day.

5) w : 2x + 8 = 13
Solution: This is a declarative sentence which may be read as
“ The sum of twice a number x and eight is thirteen”, but we
cannot determine whether it is true or false because of the
variable x; therefore w is not a proposition.
 General
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY Math

Directions: Read the story below and identify simple and compound
propositions. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Even though you’re damaged, you still have value

“A popular speaker started off a seminar by holding up a ₱1000 bill. A crowd

of 200 had gathered to hear him speak. He asked, ‘Who would like this
₱1000 bill?’
200 hands went up.
He said, ‘I am going to give this ₱1000 to one of you but first, let me do
this.’ He crumpled the bill up.
He then asked, ‘Who still wants it?’ Quarter 2 Week 7-B
(M11GM-IIg-3)
All 200 hands were still raised.
The learner distinguishes between simple and compound
‘Well,’ he replied, ‘What if I do this?’ Then he dropped the bill on the ground propositions.
and stomped on it with his shoes.
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
He picked it up and showed it to the crowd. The bill was all crumpled and work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
dirty. agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
‘Now who still wants it?’ payment of royalties.
All the hands still went up. This MathPACKS is published to be utilized by the Schools Division of Iloilo.
‘My friends, I have just showed you a very important lesson. No matter ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource maybe reproduced
what I did to the money, you still wanted it because it did not decrease in or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
permission from the Schools Division of Iloilo.
value. It was still worth ₱1000. Many times in our lives, life crumples us and
grinds us into the dirt. We make bad decisions or deal with poor
circumstances. We feel worthless. But no matter what has happened or
Writer: JANET E. EQUIBAL
what will happen, you will never lose your value. You are special – Don’t Graphic Artist: PATRICK T. LOMIGO
ever forget it!’ (https://moralstories.top/read/even-though-youre-damaged- Layout Artist: KRISHEA MAE P. JARUDA
you-still-have-value) Division Quality Assurance: DR. KIM S. ARCEÑA
ROGER A. ALAVATA
To learn more, click the link below: EPS I - Mathematics: DR. KIM S. ARCEÑA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xk2uMT1mb4c Management Team:
Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr.
References: Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Oronce, Orlando A. General Mathematics. Rex Book Store, 2016. Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay,
Department of Education. General Mathematics Learner’s Material. Lexicon Press
Dr. Kim S. Arceña
Inc.,2016.
 GENERALIZATION

5) p5: A polygon is a rectangle if and only if it has four right angles.

A proposition is simple if it contains only one idea or conveys one thought
with no connecting words. It is sometimes called atomic proposition. Simple components: r: A polygon is a rectangle.
f: A polygon has four right angles.

EXAMPLE 1
EXERCISES
The following are examples of simple propositions:
1) r: The food tastes good. A. Directions: Determine whether the following statements is a
2) s: Manila is the capital of the Philippines. simple or compound proposition. Write your answers on your
answer sheet.
3) t: It is hot outside.
1) Today is my birthday.
4) w: There is life in planet Mars.
2) Philippines is part of Southeast Asia.
5) z: A rhombus has four sides.
3) A kilogram of sugar costs more than ₱50.

A proposition is compound if it is composed of at least two simple 4) The sum of 5 and (-8) is (-3) and the product of 6 and 4 is 24.
propositions joined together by logical connectives. Words such as and, or, 5) Whale shark is a fish.
not, if…then and if and only if are examples of connectives. Compound
propositions are sometimes called complex propositions. 6) Jose Rizal is our national hero.
7) Either mangoes are sweet, or grapes are sour.
EXAMPLE 2 8) Susan studied her lesson and passed the examination.
The following are examples of compound propositions and its simple 9) I like orange or apple.
components.
10) If eleven is a prime number then it is not divisible by 3.
1) p1: A square is a rectangle and it has four equal sides.
11) Suzy likes chocolates and Martha likes cakes.
Simple Components: r: A square is a rectangle.
s: A square has four equal sides. 12) A pentagon is a polygon with 5 sides.

2) p2: Three is not a factor of sixteen. 13) General Mathematics is one of the subjects in senior high school.

Simple Component: t: Three is a factor of sixteen. 14) Tungsten is a chemical element with symbol W and has an atomic
number of 74.
3) p3: Susan is dancing, or Clara is singing.
15) Karl Marx was an economist if and only he wrote a book entitled
Simple components: d: Susan is dancing. Das Kapital.
c: Clara is singing.
4) p4: If a number is divisible by two, then it is even. B. Directions: Determine the simple propositions that make up the
Simple Components: n: A number is divisible by two. compound propositions in Exercise A. Write your answers on your
v: A number is even. answer sheet.
 C.) DISJUNCTION
The joining of two or more propositions by the word "or " results in their so- General
called disjunction or logical sum; the propositions joined in this manner are Math
called the members of the disjunction or the summands of the logical sum.
The disjunction of propositions p and q is denoted by p v q (read as “p or q”).

EXAMPLE 3
Let p and q be the following proposition. Write p v q.
A.) p : Rita studies her lesson.
q : Jovic plays badminton.
Solution: p v q: Rita studies her lesson or Jovic plays badminton.
B.) p : Ten is an even number.
q : Ten is a composite number.
Solution: p v q: Ten is an even number or it is a composite number.

EXERCISE 3
Quarter 2 Week 7-C
Let p, q and r be the following propositions.
(M11GM-IIg-4)
p : Math is thought-provoking. The learner performs the different types of operations on
q : Science is interesting. propositions.
r : English is entertaining. Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
Express the following propositions in English sentences or in symbols, as work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
the case may be. Write your answers on your answer sheet. agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
1) p v r payment of royalties.
2) q v ~p This MathPACKS is published to be utilized by the Schools Division of Iloilo.
3) English is entertaining or Science is interesting. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource maybe reproduced
4) Either Math is thought-provoking, or English is entertaining, or or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
Science is interesting. permission from the Schools Division of Iloilo.

ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY Writer: JANET E. EQUIBAL

Graphic Artist: PATRICK T. LOMIGO
Let p, q, and r be the following propositions. Layout Artist: KRISHEA MAE P. JARUDA
p : Keth is watching television. Division Quality Assurance: DR. KIM S. ARCEÑA
q : Terry is going to the market. ROGER A. ALAVATA
r : Baby is eating spaghetti. EPS I - Mathematics: DR. KIM S. ARCEÑA
Express the following propositions in English sentences. Write your answers Management Team:
on your answer sheet. Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr.
1.) p v q 4.) r Λ ( p v q) Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
2.) p Λ (~q) 5.) ~q v (~r Λ p) Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay,
3.) ~p v r
Dr. Kim S. Arceña
To learn more, click the link below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyXwoni5Osk
Reference: Oronce, Orlando A. General Mathematics.Rex Book Store, 2016.
 GENERALIZATIONS
B.) CONJUNCTION

LOGICAL OPERATORS The joining of two or more propositions by the word "and " results in their so-
called conjunction or logical product; the propositions joined in this manner are
The symbolic counterpart of the connectors not, and, or, if…then , and called the members of the conjunction or the factors of the logical product.
if and only if are logical operators.
The conjunction of propositions p and q is denoted by p Λ q (read as “p and q”)
Logical operation combines propositions using certain rules. The propositions p and q are called conjuncts.

A.) NEGATION EXAMPLE 2

The negation is the simplest operation of propositions. Let p and q be the following propositions. Write p Λ q.
The negation of the proposition p is denoted by ~p (read as “not p” ). A.) p : Roel was on time.
q: Tom was late.
EXAMPLE 1 Solution: p Λ q: Roel was on time and Tom was late.
State the negation of the following propositions. B.) p : Triangles have three sides.
q : Squares have four congruent sides.
A.) n1: f(x) = 2x – 5 is an exponential function.
Solution: p Λ q: Triangles have three sides and squares have four
~n1: f(x) = 2 x – 5 is not an exponential function.
congruent sides.
B.) n2: 7 is an odd number.
~n2: It is not true that 7 is an odd number. or Conjunctions do not always use the word “and”. Words like but, even
“ 7 is not an odd number.” though, yet, and while are also used to denote conjunctions.

C..) n3: Karen is good in dancing.

~n3: Karen is not good in dancing. EXERCISE 2
D.) n4: All birds can fly.
Let p, q and r be the following propositions.
~n4 : Not all birds can fly. p : Jim eats pizza.
q : Sam eats ice cream
EXERCISE 1 r : Gab plays chess.
Express the following propositions in English sentences or in symbols, as
Directions: Write the negation ( ~) of the following propositions. Write
the case may be. Write your solutions on your answer sheet.
your answers on your answer sheet.
1.) b : The earth is round. 1) p Λ q
2.) c : The product of 4 and (-3) is (-12). 2) ~q Λ r
3.) d : Parallel lines intersect at exactly one point. 3) Gab plays chess and Sam eats ice cream.
4.) f : 2x - 5 = 7 is an exponential function. 4) Jim does not eat pizza and Gab plays chess.
 General
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY Math

Directions: Read and analyze the given propositions. Translate them into
symbols using logical operators. Use the suggested
propositional variables indicated below. Write your answers on
your answer sheet.

1) Either Hanna (h) or Joseph (j) wins the presidency.

2) Susan (s) and Kent (k) are members of the Mathematics club.
3) Both Diane (d) and Cora (c) will not participate in the quiz bee.
4) The president (p) and the secretary (s), or the vice president (v) attends
the conference tomorrow. Quarter 2 Week 7- D
5) Driving (d) is not easy, and either biking (b) or walking (w) is (M11GM-IIg-4)
The learner performs the different types of operations on
relaxing. propositions.
6) Mother (m) and father (f) will go to the party if and only if the rain (r) Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
stops.
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
7) If the dog (d) will not bark then I will buy foods (b) or play work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
payment of royalties.
basketball (p).
This MathPACKS is published to be utilized by the Schools Division of Iloilo.
8) Kurt likes to eat banana (b) or mango (m) but not strawberry (s). ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource maybe reproduced
9) Hope can watch TV (w) if and only if she finishes her homework (h). or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
permission from the Schools Division of Iloilo.
10) If I study hard (s) and not watch television shows (w), then I will pass
the exam ( p) and will get good grades (g) .
Writer: JANET E. EQUIBAL
Graphic Artist: PATRICK T. LOMIGO
Layout Artist: KRISHEA MAE P. JARUDA
Division Quality Assurance: DR. KIM S. ARCEÑA
To learn more, click the links below: ROGER A. ALAVATA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uwjwh2nkYK4 EPS I - Mathematics: DR. KIM S. ARCEÑA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nduWo6jDVw Management Team:
Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr.
References:
Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Oronce, Orlando A. General Mathematics. Rex Book Store, 2016. Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay,
Department of Education. General Mathematics Learner’s Material. Lexicon Press Dr. Kim S. Arceña
Inc.,2016.
 GENERALIZATIONS
E.) BICONDITIONAL
Biconditional propositions are compound propositions connected by the
D.) CONDITIONAL words “if and only if.”
Conditional propositions are compound propositions connected by the The biconditional of propositions p and q is denoted by p↔q ( read as “p
words “If…then” or just “then ”. if and only if q”) and can also be written as “p iff q”. The propositions p
and q are the components of the biconditionals.
The conditional of propositions p and q is denoted by p→q (read as “If p,
then q” or “p implies q” ). The proposition p is called the hypothesis
(premise), while the proposition q is called the conclusion (consequence). EXAMPLE 5

EXAMPLE 4 Let p and q be a proposition. Write p ↔ q.

A.) p : Cora is a bibliophile.
Let p and q be a proposition. Write p → q. q : Cora loves reading books.
A.) p : Joselito studies his lesson every night. Solution: p ↔ q : Cora is a bibliophile if and only if she loves reading
q : Joselito gets high grades. books.
Solution: p → q : If Joselito studies his lesson every night, then he gets B.) p : A square is a rectangle.
high grades. q : A square has four congruent sides.
B.) p : It is raining. Solution: p ↔ q : A square is a rectangle if and only if it has four
q : The streets are wet. congruent sides.
Solution: p → q : If it is raining, then the streets are wet. C.) p : I understand mathematics better.
C.) p : Two lines are perpendicular to the same line. q : I ask more questions in class.
q : Two lines are parallel. Solution: p ↔q : I understand mathematics better if and only if I ask
Solution: p → q : If two lines are perpendicular to the same line, then more questions in class.
they are parallel.

EXERCISE 5
EXERCISE 4 Directions: Express the following propositions p and q into biconditionals
(p ↔ q). Write your solutions on your answer sheet.
Directions: Express the following propositions p and q into its conditionals
(p → q). Write your solutions on your answer sheet. 1.) p : Two is a factor of eight.
q : Eight is an even number.
1.) p: I am a Filipino.
q: I live in the Philippines.
2.) p : Harry is a senior high school learner.
2.) p: 2 + 7 = 9 q : Harry is seventeen years old.
q: 9 > 7
 ANSWER KEY
Quarter 2 Week 7-A B.
4.) The sum of 5 and (-8) is (-3).
EXERCISES The product of 6 and 4 is 24.
1) Proposition/False 7.) Mangoes are sweet.
2) Proposition/True Grapes are sour.
3) Not a Proposition 8.) Susan studied her lesson.
4) Proposition/False Susan passed the examination.
5) Proposition/False 9.) I like orange.
6) Proposition/True I like apple.
7) Not a Proposition 10.) Eleven is a prime number.
8) Proposition/False Eleven is not divisible by 3.
9) Not a Proposition 11.) Suzy likes chocolates.
10) Proposition/True Martha likes cakes.
11) Proposition/True 14.) Tungsten is a chemical element with symbol W.
12) Not a Proposition Tungsten has an atomic number of 74.
13) Proposition/True 15.) Karl Marx was an economist.
14) Not a Proposition Karl Marx wrote a book entitled Das Kapital.
15) Proposition/True
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
Some possible answers:
Possible answers: Simple Propositions:
1) A man found a cocoon of a butterfly. 1) A popular speaker started off a seminar by holding up a 1000 bill.
2) The man decided to help the butterfly. 2) 200 hands went up.
3) The butterfly spent the rest of its life unable to fly, crawling 3) He crumpled the bill up.
around with tiny wings and a swollen body. 4) You are special.
4) Our struggles in life develop our strengths.
Compound Propositions:
1) He dropped the bill on the ground and stomped on it with his
Quarter 2 Week 7-B shoes.
2) The bill was all crumpled and dirty.
EXERCISES 3) Many times in our lives, life crumples us and grinds us into the dirt.
4) We make bad decisions or deal with poor circumstances.
1) Simple 9.) Compound
2) Simple 10.) Compound
3) Simple 11.) Compound
4) Compound 12.) Simple
5) Simple 13.) Simple
6) Simple 14.) Compound
7) Compound 15.) Compound
8) Compound
 ANSWER KEY

Quarter 2 Week 7-C Quarter 2 Week 7-D

EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 4

1) The earth is not round. 1) If I am a Filipino, then I live in the Philippines.

2) It is not true that the product of 4 and (-3) is (-12). 2) If 2+7 = 9, then 9>7.
3) Parallel lines do not intersect at exactly one point.
4) 2x – 5 = 7 is not an exponential function. EXERCISE 5

1) Two is a factor of eight if and only if eight is an even number.

EXERCISE 2 2) Harry is a senior high school learner if and only if he is seventeen years
old.
1) Jim eats pizza and Sam eats ice cream.
2) Sam does not eat ice cream and Gab plays chess.
3) r Λ q ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
4) ~p Λ r

1) hvj
2) sΛk
EXERCISE 3
3) ~d Λ ~c
1) Math is thought-provoking, or English is entertaining. 4) (p Λ s) v v
2) Science is interesting, or Math is not thought-provoking. 5) ~d Λ (b v w)
3) r v q 6) (m Λ f) ↔ r
4) p v r v q 7) ~d →(b v p)
8) b v m Λ ~s
9) w↔h
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY 10) (s Λ ~w) → (p Λ g)

1) Keth is watching television or Terry is going to the market.

2) Keth is watching television and Terry is not going to the market.
3) Keth is not watching television or Baby is eating spaghetti.
4) Baby is eating spaghetti while Keth is watching television or
Terry is going to the market.
5) It is not the case that Terry is going to the market or Baby is not
eating spaghetti and Keth is watching television.