Manual_Carpentry shop

CARPENTRY SHOP
Introduction
Carpentry may be designed as the process of making wooden articles and components such as
roots, floors, partitions, doors and windows. Carpentry involves cutting, shaping
and fastening wood and other materials together to produce a finished product.
Preparation of joints is one of the important operations in wood work. Joinery
denotes connecting the wooden parts using different points such as lap joints,
mortise and T- joints, bridle joints, etc.
Carpentry Tools
Carpentry tools are used to produce components to an exact size.
The types of carpentry tools are as follows.
1. Marking tools
2. Measuring tools
3. Holding tools
4. Cutting tools
5. Planning tools
6. Boring tools
7. Striking tools
8. Miscellaneous tools
Marking tools
It is used to marking lines parallel to the edges of a wooden piece. It consists of a
square wooden stem with a sliding wooden stock on it. On the stem, a marking pin
is attached which is made up of steel. This stem is provided with a steel nail to
scratch the surface of the work. It consists of two pins; the distance between the
pins is adjustable. It is used to draw parallel lines on the stock.
Measuring tools
The carpentry measuring tools are classified as follows
1. Steel tape
2. Steel rule
3. Caliper
Steel tapes and steel rules are mainly used for measuring short and lengths in
millimeters.
A try square is used for testing squareness and marking of joints.
A meter square is used for marking and measuring an angle of 45 degree.
A bevel square is used for marking and listing angles between 0 degree to 180
degree.
Calipers are used for the precision measurement of cylindrical surface. Inside
calipers are used for measuring outside diameter and outside calipers are used to measure inner
diameter of a pipe.
Holding tools
The carpentry holding tools are shown in fig.
Carpentry vice
A carpentry vice is the common work holding device. It consists of one fixed jaw
and one movable jaw. Its one jaw is fixed to the side of the table while the other is
movable by means of a screw and a handle.
Bar clamp
The bar clamp (or) sash cramps are generally used in pairs in gluing up operations
at the final assembly of joinery work. It is made up of a steel bar of T-section, wine
malleable iron fittings and a steel screw.
G-clamp
G-clamp is made up of malleable iron with acme threads of high quality steel .It
can be used for clamping small work whengluing up.
Cutting Tools
Saws
A saw is used to cut wood into pieces. There is different type of saws, designed to
suit different purpose. A saw is specified by the length of its tooled edge. The
following saws are used in the carpentry section.
Rip Saw
The blade of rip saw is either straight or skew-backed. The teeth are so set that the
cutting edge of this saw makes a steeper angle about 600.
Cross Cut saw

This is similar in shape of a rip saw. It is used to cut across the grain of the stock.
The correct angle for cross cutting is 450.The teeth are so set that the saw kerf is
wider than the blade thickness. This allows the blade to move freely in the cut
without sticking.
Tenon or back saw

A tenon saw is used for fine and accurate work. It consists of a very fine blade,
which is reinforced with a rigid steel back. The teeth are shaped like those of cross
cut saw.
Chisels
Chisels are used for cutting and shaping wood accurately. Wood chisels are made
in various blade widths, ranging from 3 to 50mm .Most of the wood chisels are
made into tang type, having a steel shank which fits inside the handle.
Firmer chisels
These are general purpose chisels and are used either by hand pressure or by a
mallet. The blade of a firmer chisel is flat and their sloping face is at an angle 150
to 520.
Boring Tools
Boring tools are used to make holes in wood .Common types of boring tools are as
follows.
1. Bradawl
2. Gimlet
3. Brace
4. Bit and drill
A brace bolds and turns the bit and boring of a hole is obtained. A brace having
two jaws is used for holing the bit in one end. It has two types, namely ratchet
brace and wheel brace. A bradawl and a gimlet are used for boring small holes.
These tools are hand operated.
Striking Tools
Job No. -1
Aim: To make the T-joint the required dimensions from the given work piece.
Material Required: Soft wood of size 300 x 50 x 50 mm.
Tools Required
1. Jackplane
2. Carpentry vice
3. Try square
4. Marking gauge
5. Steel rule
6. Tenon saw
7. Rip saw
8. Firmer chisel
9. Mallet
Procedure
1. The given work piece is firmly clamped in the carpentry vice and any two adjacent surfaces
are planed to get right angles using the jack plane.
2. Using the try square, the right angles of planned faces are checked.
3. Now the other two surfaces are planned to get smooth surface.
4. The work piece is cut into two pieces by using the rip saw.
5. Using the steel rule and marking gauge, marking is done for T-joint on the two halves.
6. In one half, the unwanted portions of wood are removed by using the tenon saw and firmer
chisel. The same procedure is done for the other half of work piece.
7. Using the jack plane, the other two faces of work piece is planned to the required size.
8. The finished two pieces are assembled to getter to form the T-joint.
9. Finally, the finished job is checked for required size and shape using the steel rule and try
square.
Result:
Thus the required T-joint is obtained.

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CARPENTRY SHOP

Cross Cut saw

Tenon or back saw

4. Bit and drill

Material Required: Soft wood of size 300 x 50 x 50 mm.

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