FLUID MECHANICS 1

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Introduction to Fluids & Hydrostatic Pressure 5. A U-tube contains water and oil separated by mercury.
1. Pressure at a point inside a liquid does not depend on: The mercury columns in the two arms are at the same level
(a) the depth of the point below the surface of the liquid with 10 cm of water in one arm and 12.5 cm of oil in the
(b) the nature of the liquid other, as shown in figure. What is the relative density
(c) the acceleration due to gravity at that point of oil ?
(d) the shape of the containing vessel
Ans. (d)
Sol. P = hg
Presure depends on height, density and gravity. But it is
independent on the shape of the container.
2. Two stretched membranes of area 2 cm2 and 3 cm2 are placed
in a liquid at the same depth. The ratio of the pressure on
them is:
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 3
(c) 3 : 2 (d) 22 : 32
Ans. (a)
P1  gh
Sol.  1
P2  gh
Pressure will be same on both. (a) 0.8 (b) 1.0
3. A dam for water reservoir is built thicker at the bottom (c) 1.25 (d) none of these
than at the top because: Ans. (a)
(a) pressure of water is very large at the bottom due to its Sol. PA = PB
large depth Patm + wghw = Patm + 0gh0
(b) water is likely to have more density at the bottom due wghw = 0g(h0)
to its large depth
0 hw 10
(c) quantity of water at the bottom is large  Relative density     0.8 .
(d) none of the above  w h0 12.5
2
Ans. (a) 6. A tube 1 cm in cross section is attached to the top of a
2
Sol. The pressure applied to walls of the dam will be function of vessel 1 cm high and of cross section 100 cm . Water is
the amount of water that is over that particular point on the poured into the system filling it to a depth of 100 cm above
wall. So water pressure is very large at the bottom due to its the bottom of the vessel as shown in the figure. Take g
–2
large depth. That’s why dams are thicker at their bottoms = 10 ms . Find the correct statement.
than at their tops.
4. In the given figure shown.

(a) p1 > p0 (b) p > p0

(c) p1 > p2 (d) p = 0 (a) The force exerted by the water against the bottom of
Ans. (a) the vessel is 100 N.
Sol. P1 = P0 + (2)gh, (b) The weigth of water in the system is 1.99 N.
P2 = P0 + g (3h) (c) Both (a) and (b) are correct
PP (d) Neither (a) nor (b) is correct.
FLUID MECHANICS 2

Ans. (c) Weight of the liquid = r2h g (1)

1
Sol. Pressure at base =  gh 
1000kg
m 3 10m / s   100
2 100 
m

mean pressure on the wall = 
2
 gh

= 10 N/m
4 2
1
Force on the wall   gh  2 rh
4 2 100 2 2
Force at base = 10 N / m   m
10000   r  gh 2 ......(2)
= 100 N on equating (1) and (2), we have
Weight of water = Vg r2hg = rgh2
 99 1  100 1 r = h
1000   10  1.99 N .
106 The liquid should be filled up to a height h equal to the
7. A tube of uniform cross-section has two vertical portions radius r of the vessel.
connected with a horizontal thin tube 8 cm long at their 9. A uniformly tapering vessel is filled with a liquid of density
lower ends. Enough water to occupy 22 cm of the tube is 900 kg/m3. The force that acts on the base of the vessel
poured into one branch and enough oil of specific gravity due to the liquid is: (g = 10 m/s2)
0.8 to occupy 22 cm is poured into the other. Assuming
that interface remains stable find the distance ( in cm) of
the common surface E of the two liquids from point B.

(a) 3.6 N (b) 7.2 N

(c) 9.0 N (d) 14.4 N
Ans. 6.00 Ans. (b)
Sol. Pressure P at the base = hg
Sol. h w  8cm  h 0  22cm  22cm
P = 0.4 × 900 ×10
 h w  h 0  36cm
P = 3.6×103N/m2
PC  PB  h 0 0 g  h w w g  h 0  0.8  h w  1 Force = Pressure × Area
hw F = 3.6 × 103 × 2 × 10–3 = 7.2N
 h0   1.25h w  h w  1.25h w  36
0.8 10. Two vessels A and B of different shapes have the same base
area and are filled with water upto the same height h (see
36
 hw   16 cm  BE  22 –16  6 cm figure). The force exerted by water on the base is FA for
2.25
vessel A and FB for vessel B. The respective weights of the
Force Exerted by Fluids on the Walls of the Container &
vessels are WA and WB. Then
Pascal's Law
8. The height to which a cylindrical vessel be filled with a
homogeneous liquid, to make the average force with which
the liquid presses the side of the vessel equal to the force
exerted by the liquid on the bottom of the vessel, is equal to:
(a) half of the radius of the vessel
(b) radius of the vessel
(c) one-fourth of the radius of the vessel
(a) FA > FB ; WA > WB (b) FA = FB ; WA > WB
(d) three-fourths of the radius of the vessel
(c) FA = FB ; WA < WB (d) FA > FB ; WA = WB
Ans. (b)
Ans. (b)
Sol. If h is the height of liquid in cylinder, r be the radius of
cylinder and  be the density of the liquid, then we have.
FLUID MECHANICS 3

Sol. Pressure at the base = p0 + gh(using pascal’s law) Ans. (a)

Since height is same in both case hence Sol. If pressure is increased at one point, same pressure is
PA = PB  FA = FB (as Aes is also same) increased without being diminished. [Pascal’s law]
While A contains more volume of liquid hence WA > WB  F
11. A hydraulic lift is used to lift a car of mass 3000 kg. The Hence due increases in pressure    will need to be
 A
cross-sectional area of the lift on which the car is supported
–2 2
is 5 × 10 m . What is the pressure on the smaller piston, balanced by additional force on remaining piston and hence
if both the pistons are at the same horizontal level ? Take g F
= 10 ms .
–2 additional force on liquid = PA  AF
A
5 5
(a) 6 × 10 Pa (b) 5 × 10 Pa
5
(c) 4 × 10 Pa
5
(d) 3 × 10 Pa F
Hence only increase in pressure = .
Ans. (a) A
Sol. 13. A tank 5 m high is half filled with water and then is filled
to the top with oil of denisty 0.85 g/cm3. The pressure at
the bottom of the tank, due to these liquids, is:
(a) 1.85 gf/cm2 (b) 89.25 gf/cm2
(c) 462.5 gf/cm2 (d) 500 gf/cm2
Ans. (c)
Sol. h  5m
W
(Patm + P) = Patm  [Using pascal’s law] w  1g / cm3
A
(same pressure is transferred to every point and walls of
container) oil  0.85 g /cm 2
W 3000  10 Half tank filled with water and half tank filled with oil.
P   6000  10 2
A 5  102 h1 = h2 = 2.5 m = 250 cm.
= 6 × 105 Pa The pressure at the bottom of the tank is
12. Figure shown water filled in a symmetrical container. Four
P  h1 1 g  h2  2 g
pistons of equal area A are used at the four openings to
keep the water in equilibrium. Now an additional force F P = g (250 × 1 + 250 × 0.85)
is applied at each piston. The increase in the pressure at P = 462.5 gf(g/cm3)
the centre of the container due to this addition is
14. A piston of cross-sectional area 100 cm2 is used in a
hydraulic press to exert a force of 107 dyne on the water.
The cross-sectional area of the other piston which supports
an object having a mass 2000 kg is:
(a) 100 cm2 (b) 109 cm2
(c) 2 × 104 cm2 (d) 2 × 1010 cm2
Ans. (c)
Sol. By Pascal’s law, pressure increased using one piston is
communicated everywhere in the fluid. Thus, the same
pressure acts on other piston.
F 2F Cross sectional area of piston 1 is
(a) (b)
A A A1 = 100cm2 = 0.01m2
4F Force on pison 1 is F1 = 107 dyne = 100N
(c) (d) 0
A Force on piston 2 is F2 = 2000 kg wt
FLUID MECHANICS 4

= 2000×10 = 2×104N 16. A given shaped glass tube having uniform cross-section
Let the Cross Sectional area of piston 2 be A2=A. is filled with water and is mounted on a rotatable shaft as
shown in fig. If the tube is rotated with a constant angular
By Pascal’s law
velocity  then:
P1 = P2

F1 F2
 
A1 A2

F2 A1
A2 
F1

2  10 4  0.01
A  2m2
100
(a) water levels in both A and B go up
 2  10 4 cm 2 .
(b) water level in section A goes up and that in B comes
2
15. A cylindrical jar of cross-sectional area 0.01 m is filled down
with water to a height of 50 cm. It carries a tight-fitting (c) water level in section A comes down and that in B it
piston of negligible mass. What is the pressure at the bottom goes up
of the jar when a mass of 1 kg is placed on the piston? (d) water level remain same in both sections.
–2
Take g = 10 ms . Ans. (a)
5
(a) 10 Pa (b) 6000 Pa Sol. Force acting on the fluid of length dx.
(c) 5000 Pa (d) 1000 Pa
dF  A  dx   w2 x
Ans. (b)
L
Total force   dF   A w2 xdx
Sol. 0

A w2 L2

2
Pressure at B will have an extra term due to this force.
Hence, water level will rise in column B.
In this problem, water level will rise in both A and B.
W Buoyancy
Pressure at base   gh 
A 17. When a body is wholly or partially immersed in a liquid it
Where = density of water appears to lose weight. This loss of weight is equal to the
g = acceleration due to gravity weight of:
h = Height of water column (a) water displaced by the body
w = weight of block placed (b) liquid displaced by the body
A = Area of cross section of piston (c) equal volume of water
(d) equal volume of liquid
 10
Hence = p  10
3 kg
m3

10m / s 2   0.5m   10.01 Ans. (b)
= 5 × 103 + 1 × 103 N/m2 Sol. When a body is wholly or partially immersed in a liquid, it
appears to lose weight. This loss of weight is equal to the
= 6000 Pa
weight of the displaced liquid.
FLUID MECHANICS 5

18. Two pieces of metal when immersed in a liquid have equal 22. The reading of a spring balance when a block is suspended
upthrust on them; then: from it in air is 60 N. This reading is changed to 40 N
(a) both pieces must have equal weights when the block is submerged in water. The specific gravity
(b) both pieces must have equal densities of the block must therefore be:
(c) both pieces must have equal volumes immersed (a) 3 (b) 2
(d) both are located at the same depth (c) 6 (d) 3/2
Ans. (c) Ans. (a)
Sol. Two pieces of metal when immersed in a liquid have equal Sol. Let m be mass
upthrust on them, then both pieces must have equal
m = Dv
volumes immersed.
mg = DVg = 60 .....(1)
19. When a body is weighed in a liquid, the loss in its weight
depends upon: Fully submerged in water
(a) volume of the body (b) mass of the body (D-d) Vg = 40 .....(2)
(c) shape of the body (d) CG of the body Dividing (2) by (1)
Ans. (a)
Dd 2
Sol. Loss in weight is dependent on volume of body. 
D 3
20. An iron ball is weighed in air and then in water by a spring
balance: D
(a) its weight in air is more than in water 3
d
(b) its weight in water is more than in air
23. A vessel with water is placed on a weighing pan and reads
(c) its weight is same both in air and water
600 g. Now a ball of 40 g and density 0.80 g/cc is sunk
(d) its weight is zero in water
into the water with a pin as shown in fig., keeping it sunk.
Ans. (a)
The weighing pan will show a reading.
Sol. By Archimedes Principle, an object immersed (partially
or wholly) in a fluid experiences a loss in weight, which is
given by the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.
For the given ball, the weight measured in air is
w1 =(mbar – air Vball)g I similarly, weight measured in water
is
W2 = (mball – water Vball)g
We know that, water > air
Hence, W2 < W1 (a) 600 g (b) 550 g
i.e., Weight measured in air is more that in water. (c) 650 g (d) 632 g
21. A body weighs 40 g in air. If its volume is 10 cc, in water Ans. (c)
it will weigh:
40
(a) 30 g Sol. Volume of ball =  50cm3
0.8
(b) 40 g
(c) 50 g Down thrust on water = 50 gm
(d) data are insufficient to calculate Therefore, reading is 650 gm.
Ans. (a) 24. A block of wood is floating in a lake. The apparent weight
Sol. Acc. to Archimedes principle of the floating block is
mass in air = 40 gm (a) equal to its true weight
volume = 10cm3 (b) less than its true weight
So, when immersed in water it displaces 10g of water. There (c) more than its true weight
fore it also experiences buoyant force, equivalent to the (d) equal to zero
displaced water.. Hence, it loses 10 g wt of its weight, so, Ans. (d)
weight in water equals weight in air - loss in weight Sol. Apparent weight = Wbody – FB
40 – 10 = 30 g = 0 (As it's floation)
FLUID MECHANICS 6

25. A body weights W in air and it loses its weight by 25% in 28. A body is just floating on the surface of a liquid. The
water. The relative density of the body is density of the body is same as that of the liquid. The body
(a) 4 (b) 1/4 is slightly pushed down. What will happen to the body?
(c) 3/4 (d) 4/3 (a) It will come back slowly to its earlier position.
Ans. (a) (b) It will remain submerged where it is left.
Sol. Wapp = W – FB (c) It will sink.
(d) It will come out violently.
3 W Ans. (c)
W  W  FB   FB
4 4 Sol. When a body is just floating in a liquid whose density is
equal to the density of body pushed down slightly, then
bodyVg b
  4 4 downward force on the body increases due to atmospheric
 waterVg  pressure and due to water column above the body. As a
26. A body floats with (1/3) of its volume outside water and result of which the body sinks in the liquid.
(3/4) of its volume outside another liquid. The density of 29. A block of metal (density 7 g/cc) of size 5 cm × 5 cm × 5
the other liquid is: cm is weighed completely submerged in water. What will
(a) (9/4) g/cc (b) (4/9) g/cc be its apparent weight (density of water = 1 g/cc)?
(a) (6 × 5 × 5 × 5)g (b) (4 × 4 × 4 × 7)g
(c) (8/3) g/cc (d) (3/9) g/cc
(c) (7 × 5 × 5 × 5)g (d) (4 × 4 × 4 × 6)g
Ans. (c)
Ans. (a)
Sol. The fraction of volume of floating body immersed in a
Sol. Density of water = 1g/cm3(w)
liquid is equal to its relative density of that liquid.
Density of steel = 7g/cm3(w)
1 Buoyant force
Since, the body floats with volume outside water and
3 B = sVg
2 Apparent weight
volume is immersed inside water. So, its density is W = mg – B = (s– w) Vg
3
= (7 –1) × 5 × 5 × 5g
2
  d, where d is density of water.. W = (6 × 5 × 5 × 5)g
3
30. A beaker containing water weighs 100 g. It is placed on
As the body floats with 3/4 volume outside liquid, the
the pan of a balance and a piece of metal weighing 70 g
1 1 and having a volume of 10 cm3 is placed inside the water
volume immesed in liquid is . so, its density is   d '
4 4 in the beaker. The weight of the beaker and the metal would
1 2d be:
d' (a) 170 g (b) 160 g
4 3
(c) 100 g (d) 30 g
8d 8 8
d'  1  g / cc Ans. (a)
3 3 3
Sol. Archimedes principle states that loss in weight of the body
27. A wooden piece floats half submerged in a tub of water. If
= weight of the volume displaced by it, so we can easily
the system is transferred to a lift ascending with
say that weight of the beaker and the metal = 170 gm.
acceleration the wooden piece will:
31. A boy carries a fish in one hand and a bucket of water in
(a) sink a little more (b) rise a little
the other hand; if he places the fish in the bucket, the weight
(c) remain half submerged (d) sink to the bottom
now carried by him:
Ans. (c)
(a) is less than before (b) is more than before
Sol. The acceleration due to the lift will only change the g
(c) is the same as before (d) depends upon his speed
effective and when we write the equation by aplying
archimedes principle i.e., the buoyant force is equal to the Ans. (c)
weight of liquid displaced by it, we see that g(effective) Sol. The bucket will be heavier by the weight of the fish, so
gets cancelled. Therefore, wooden piece will remain half one hand will have more load. But on the other hand will
submerged. have less load by the weight of the fish so, no change in
total load.
FLUID MECHANICS 7

If the bucket is filled completely to the brim and from top Ans. (c)
water spills out when the fish is added. Then the load will
v1
drop by the weight of water that spills out. But no one Sol. m1   d  v1d1
2
carries a bucket completely full to the brim.
 d1  d / 2
9 th
32. An ice cube floats on water in a beaker with of its
10 2v2
m2   d  v2  d 2
volume submerged under water. What fraction of its 3
volume will be submerged if the beaker of water is taken d2 = 2d/3
th
to the moon where the gravity is 1/6 that on the earth ?
(a) 9/10 (b) 27/50 d1 3

(c) 2/3 (d) zero d2 4
Ans. (a) 36. A raft of wood (density 600 g/m3) of mass 120 kg floats in
Sol. At equilibrium Weight of body = buoyant force water. How much weight can be put on the raft to make it
just sink?
body Vbody × g = liqVsubg
(a) 120 kg (b) 200 kg
As at is independent of acceleration due to gravity hence
(c) 40 kg (d) 80 kg
at remains same.
Ans. (d)
33. When a ship floats on water:
Sol. Let us add a mass m on the raft to make it just sink. Meaning
(a) it displaces no water that the volume of raft is now completely immersed in
(b) the weight of water displaced is equal to the weight of water
the ship Let the volume of raft is V which is given
(c) the weight of water displaced is lesser than the weight V = (mass of roft)/(density of raft)
of the ship V = 0.2m3
(d) the weight of water displaced is greater than the weight Now this volume is completely immersed in water hence
of the ship the buoyancy prouided by water must balance the weight
Ans. (b) of raft and extra mass we have just added
Sol. According to Arcemedes principle, if object is immersed hence,
wholly or partially in a fluid, it experiences an upward 1000 × 0.2 × g = (m + 120)g
force which is equal to the weight of fluid displaced. m = 80 kg.
34. A hydrogen-filled balloon stops rising after it has attained 37. A boat 3m long and 2 m wide is floating in a lake. When a
a certain height in the sky. This happens because man climbs over it, it sinks 1 cm further into water. The
(a) the atmospheric pressure decreases with height and mass of the man is:
becomes zero when maximum height is attained (a) 60 kg (b) 64 kg
(b) the temperature of the air at maximum height equals that (c) 70 kg (d) 72 kg
of the hydrogen in the balloon Ans. (a)
(c) viscous effects become negligible Sol. Boat length = 3m
(d) at the highest point, the density of air is such that the Breadth = 2m
buoyant force on the balloon equals its weight Boat sink depth = 1cm = 10-2 m
Ans. (d) mass of man = volume of water display × diensity of water
Sol. Weight of body when it becomes equal to buoyant forces = (3 × 2 0 × 10-2) × 103
by air , force gets balanced. = 60 kg
35. Two solids A and B float in a liquid. It is observed that A 38. A man is sitting in a boat which is floating in a pond. If the
floats with half its volume immersed and B floats with (2/ man drinks some water from the pond, the level of water
3) of its volume immersed. Compare the densities of A in the pond will:
and B: (a) rise a little (b) sink a little
(a) 4 : 3 (b) 2 : 3 (c) remain stationary (d) none of these
(c) 3 : 4 (d) 1 : 3 Ans. (c)
FLUID MECHANICS 8

Sol. When a man drinks water from the pond, the water level of
pond will decrease, but as the weight of boat, and increases
due to addition of water to the boat, the level of pond will Sol.
increase.
Hence, the two parts cancel each other’s effect finally
resulting in no change.
39. A boat carrying a number of large stones is floating in a
water tank. What will happen to the water level if the stones
are unloaded into the water? The water level
(a) remains unchanged The liquid 1 is over liquid 2, Therefore 1 < 2. 3 had been
greater than 2 , it will not be partially inside but anywhere
(b) rises inside liquid 2 if 3 = 2 or it would have sunk totally if 3
(c) falls had been greater than 2.
(d) rises till half the number of stones are unloaded 1 < 3 < 2
then begins to fall 41. A metallic sphere floats in an immiscible mixture of water
Ans. (c) (w = 103 kg/m3) and a liquid (l = 13.5 × 103 kg/m3) such
Sol. Water level will fall 4 1
that its th portion is in water and th portion is in
As initial value of water displaced 5 5
 boat  mstone liquid. Density of the metal is:
Vi  (a) 4.5 × 103 kg/m3 (b) 4.0 × 103 kg/m3
d water
(c) 3.5 × 103 kg/m3 (d) 1.9 × 103 kg/m3
Finally when stones are unloaded
Ans. (c)
 boat mstone
Volume displaced, Vi  d 
d stone
Sol. Since the metallic sphere rest in a liquid mixture the
water gravitational force is balanced by buoyant force.
As dstone > dwater so Vf < Vi weight of metallic sphere = weight of liquid 1 + weight of
40. A jar is filled with two non-mixing liquids 1 and 2 having liquid 2
densities 1 and 2 respectively. A solid ball, made of a mg = m1g + m2g
material of density 3, is dropped in the jar. It comes to
equilibrium in the position shown in the fig. Which of the 4v v
v g   103 g  13.5  103
following is true for 1, 2 and 3 ? 5 5

  3.5  103 kg / m3
42. A vessel contains an immiscible mixture of water and a
liquid of density 0.8 gm/cc. A cube of side 10 cm is placed
in the mixture and it is observed that the water-liquid
interface is at the middle of cube height. Mass of the cube
is:
(a) 420 gm (b) 680 gm
(c) 225 gm (d) 900 gm
Ans. (d)
(a) 3 < 1 < 2 (b) 1 > 3 > 2 Sol. Let mas is M be mass in grams

(c) 1 > 2 > 3 (d) 1 < 3 < 2 Mg = (10×10×5)(1)g + (10×10×5)0.8 ×g

Ans. (d) M = 500 + 400 = 900 gm.

FLUID MECHANICS 9

43. A wooden block, with a coin placed on its top, floats in Ans. (d)
water as shown in the figure. The distance h and l are shown Sol. p = oil g hoil + wg hw
there: = 600 × 10 × 10 × 10–2 + 100 × 10 × 2 × 10–2
= 800 N/m2 = 800 Pa.
46. A sphere of solid material of specific gravity 8 has a
concentric spherical cavity and just sinks in water. Then,
the ratio of the radius of the cavity to the outer radius of
the sphere must be
3 3
3 5
(a) (b)
2 2
After sometime, the coin falls into the water. Then: 3 2
7
(a) both l and h increase (c) (d) 3
2 7
(b) both l and h decrease
Ans. (c)
(c) l decreases and h increases
(d) l increases and h decreases Sol. Let r be the radius of cavity and R be the radius of outer
sphere. Acc. to law of floatation, a body floats if the weight
Ans. (b)
of the body is equal to the weight of water displaced.
Sol. l will decrease, because the block moves up and h will
decrease, because the coin will displace the volume of Ws = Ww
water (V1) equal to its own volume when it is in the water Vs s g = Vw w g
whereas when it is on the block it will displace the volume
of water (V2) whose weight is equal to weight of coin and
4
3
  4
 R 3  r 3  8  w   R3   w
3
since density of coin is greater than the density of water, 8(R – r ) = R
3 3 3

V1 < V2.
r3 7
44. A piece of ice floats in a vessel with water above which a 
R3 8
layer of lighter oil is poured. When the whole of ice melts,
which one of the following statements will be true? r 71/3
(a) The level of the interface will remain the same. 
R 2
(b) The total level of the liquids in the vessel will rise.
Continuity Equation, Bernoulli’s Equation and
(c) The total level of the liquids in the vessel will fall while Torricelli’s Equation
the level of interface will go up.
47. An iceberg is floating partially immersed in sea water. If
(d) The level of interface as well as the total level of liquids
the density of sea water is 1.03 g/cc and that of ice is 0.92
in the vessel will fall.
g/cc, the fraction of the total volume of iceberg above the
Ans. (c)
level of sea water is:
Sol. As ice metls, its volume decreases, so oil level will
(a) 8% (b) 11%
decreases and as volume of water increases, so level of
interface will go up. (c) 34% (d) 89%
45. A cubical block of side 10 cm floats at the interface of an Ans. (b)
oil and water. The pressure above that of atmosphere at Sol. Lets say V is the total volume of the iceberg and x be the
the lower face of the block is volume of submerged part of iceberg then according to
archimedes principle, we have
weight of iceberg = weight of water displaced (x gm)
v × 0.92 × g = x × 1.03 × g

92
x  100  89.32%
103
So, percentage of total volume of iceberg above the level
of sea water = 100 – 89.32
(a) 200 N/m2 (b) 680 N/m2 = 10.68%  11%
(c) 400 N/m2 (d) 800 N/m2
FLUID MECHANICS 10

48. A metal ball of density 7800 kg/m3 is suspected to have a Consider the equilibrium of a fluid particle A lying on the
large number of inner cavities. It weighs 9.8 kg when inclined free surface as shown in fig.
weighed directly on a balance and 1.5 kg less when The force acting on the liquid particle are weight of the
immersed in water. The fraction by volume of the cavities
particle i.e. w = mg acting vertically downward accelerating
in the metal ball is apporximately:
force F acting towards right and normal force P exerted by
(a) 20% (b) 30%
liquid.
(c) 16% (d) 11%
Acceterating force F = ma
Ans. (c)
Resolving horizontally P sin  = F = ma ...(1)
Sol. Method - 1
Resolving vertically p cos = we mg ..(2)
9.8
Volume of metal =  1.25  10 3 ms - (1) Diving eqn. (1) to (2)
7800
Volume of whole ball including cavity ma a
= weight of water displaced/Density of water P sin /P cos = mg  g
Density of water = 1000 kg/m3
volume of whole ball = 1.5 ×10-3 m3 a a
tan     tan 1
Volume of cavity = volume of ball - volume of metal g g
= 1.5 × 10-3 – 1.25 × 10–3
= 0.25 × 10–3 cm Therefore, the inclination of the liquid surface is directly
proportional to horizontal accleration
.25  103 50. The minimum horizontal acceleration of the container so
Ratio of volume of cavity/ball =
1.5 103 that the pressure at the point A of the container becomes
= 0.16 = 16% atmospheric is (the tank is of sufficient height)
Method -2
9.8 = 7800(vs)g
1.5 = 1000 (vs + vc)g
vs 9.8 10
   83.76%
vs  vc 1.5 72
ve
 16% .
vs  ve
Accelerated Fluids 3 4
(a) g (b) g
49. A container containing water has a constant acceleration 2 3
‘a’ in the horizontal drection. Free surface of water gets
sloped with the horizontal at angle: 4 3
(c) g (d) g
2 4
1  g  1  g 
(a) cos   (b) sin   Ans. (b)
a a

1  a  1  a 
(c) tan   (d) sin  
g g
Ans. (c)
p cos Sol.
P
Sol.

By volume conservation
p sin
 3  2  b    
ma 1
 3 h  b 
 2 
 h = 4
mg sin a 4 4
mg cos tan    a  g .
g 3 3
mg = w
FLUID MECHANICS 11

51. A sealed tank containing a liquid of density  moves with 3 al

horizontal acceleration a as shown in the figure. The    gh
2
difference in pressure between two points A and B will be
3al
h
2g
Miscellaneous Cases in Fluid Statics & Types of Fluid Flows &
Equation of Continuity & Bernoulli's Equation
53. In the given figure, the velocity v3 will be

(a) hg (b) lg

(c) hg – la (d) hg + la
Ans. (d)
Sol. PC – PA = al ...(i)
PB – PC = gh ...(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii)
PB – PA = al + gh
(a) 2 m/s (b) 4 m/s
52. A U-tube of base length ‘l’ filled with same volume of two
liquids of densities  and 2 is moving with an acceleration (c) 1 m/s (d) 3 m/s
‘a’ on the horizontal plane. If the height difference between Ans. (c)
the two surfaces (open to atmosphere) becomes zero, then Sol. According to equation of continuity
the height h is given by A1v1 = A2v2 + A3v3
0.2 × 4 = 0.2 × 2 + 0.4 ×v3
0.8 = 0.4 + 0.4v3
0.4 = 0.4v3
v3 = 1 m/s
54. Water is flowing through two horizontal pipes of different
diameters whcih are connected together. The diameter of
the two pipes are 3 cm and 6 cm respectively. If the speed
of water in the narrower tube is 4 m/s. Then, the speed of
a 3a water in the wider tube is :
(a) 2g  (b) 2g  (a) 16 m/s (b) 1 m/s
(c) 4 m/s (d) 2 m/s
a 2a
(c) g  (d) 3g  Ans. (b)

Ans. (b) 3

Sol. Radius of tube 1    cm
2

6
Radius of tube 2   3cm
2
Sol.
Acc. to equation of continuity
A1V1 = A2V2
PB + PC = 2gh ...(i)
 R12v1   R22 v2
1 1
Also PA + gh + pa  2   a   PB ...(ii) 3
2

   4   3  V2
2 2 2

Equation (i) & (ii) 2

 

1 V2 = 1m/s
PA   gh  3 a  Pc  2  gh [PA = PC = Patm]
2
FLUID MECHANICS 12

55. A cylinder of height 20 m is completely filled with water.

–1 V  2 gh
The velocity of efflux of water (in ms ) through a small
hole on the side wall of the cylinder near its bottom, is
 P  P0 
(a) 10 (b) 20 V 2

(c) 25.5 (d) 5
Ans. (b)
2 3  105  105 
V  
Sol. v  2 gh  2 10  20  20m / s 1000
56. Bernoulli’s theorem is a consequence of
(a) conservation of mass 4  105
V
(b) conservation of energy 1000
(c) conservation of linear momentum
V  400 m / s
(d) conservation of angular momentum
Ans. (b) 59.  
A small hole is made at a height of h '  1 / 2 m from the

1 2 bottom of a cylindrical water tank and at a depth of

Sol. P  v   g h  constant
2 h  2 m form the upper level of water in the tank. The
It is clear that Bernoulli’s theorem is a conservation of the distance where the water emerging from the hole strikes
law of conservation of energy. the ground is
57. The velocity of efflux of a liquid through an orifice in the
bottom of a tank does not depend upon
(a) density of liquid
(b) height of the liquid column above orifice
(c) acceleration due to gravity
(d) None of these
Ans. (d)
Sol. Velocity of efflux is independent of the size of orifice.
The density of liquid is actually varying with depth for
large heigths In such scenarios, velocity of efflux depends (a) 2 2 m (b) 1 m
on the density of liquid (c) 2 m (d) none of these
1 Ans. (c)
p0   bottom v 2  P0   gh
2
58. A hole is made at the bottom of the tank filled with water
(density = 1000 kg/m3). If the total pressure at the bottom
Sol.
of the tank is three atmospheres (1 atmosphere = 105 N/
m2), then the velocity of efflux is

(a) 400 m / s (b) 200 m / s

1 2
h2 = gt
(c) 600 m / s (d) 500 m / s 2
Ans. (a) 2h'
t=
Sol. = 1000 kg/m3 g
p = 3 atm = 3 × 105N/m2 R = v x × t, v x  2gh

P0  1 atm  105 N / m2
 2h ' 
Pressure due to liquid volume is R   2 gh 
 g 

P  P0   gh
FLUID MECHANICS 13

63. A tank is filled with water up to height H. When a hole is

1
2 2 = 2m made at a distance h below the level of water. What will
2 be horizontal range of water jet ?
60. The level of water in a tank is 5 m high. A hole of area 1 cm2
(a) 2 h (H  h) (b) 4 h (H  h)
is made at the bottom of the tank. The rate of leakage of
water from the hole is (g = 10 m/s2)
(c) 4 h (H  h) (d) 2 h (H  h)
(a) 10–3 m3/s (b) 10–4 m3/s3
(c) 10 m3/s (d) 10–2 m3/s Ans. (a)
Ans. (a) Sol. Velocity of efflux = 2gD
Sol. v  2 gh  2 10  5  10m / s
2 H  D
Q = AV = 1 × 10–4 × 10 = 10–3 m/s Time taken to reach the Ground =
g
61. A water tank standing on the floor has two small holes
punched in the vertical wall one above the other. The holes So, horizontal range = velocity × time
are 2.4 cm and 7.6 cm above the floor. If the jest of water
from the holes hit the floor at the same point, then the 2 H  D
height of water in the tank is:  2 gD 
g
(a) 10 cm (b) 5 cm
(c) 20 cm (d) 48 cm So range of the water stream
Ans. (a)
X  2 D  H  D
Sol. Since Range = 2 h  H  h 
 2 h  H – h
h1 = 2.4
h2 = 7.6 as D = H - h

R1 = R2

2  H  h1  h 1  2  H  h2  h2 D
(H – h1) h1 = (H – h2) h2 H v
(H – 2.4) 2.4 = (H – 7.6) 7.6
H-D
H = 9.92  10 cm
x
62. The pressure of water in a pipe when tap is closed is 5.5 ×
105 N/m2. When tap gets open, pressure reduces to 5 × 105
N/m2. The velocity with which water comes out on opening 64. Water is flowing at a speed of 1.5 ms–1 through a horizontal
the tap is : tube of cross-sectional area 10–2m2 and you are trying to
stop the flow by your palm. Assuming that the water stops
(a) 10 m/s (b) 5 m/s
immediately after hitting the palm, the minimum force that
(c) 20 m/s (d) 15 m/s you must exert should be (density of water = 103 kgm–3).
Ans. (a) (a) 15 N (b) 22.5 N
1 2 (c) 33.7 N (d) 45 N
Sol. P  v Ans. (b)
2

 0.5 10   12 1000  v

5 2
Sol.

v = 10 m/s
FLUID MECHANICS 14

Water stops when hit the palm and it transfers momentum

 2l 
to the hand.  v  h  – 1 
h 
Force exerted = rate of change of momentum
= momentum in hitting water/sec  2  2.5 
 5 1  –1  10 m s
 1 
F=
ΔP
=Δ
 mvf – mvi 
, vf = 0
Δt Δt
Applications of Fluid Dynamics & Viscosity
 mv 
F = Δ  i  , m = δ volume 66. Spherical balls of radius R are falling in a viscous fluid of
 Δt  viscosity  with a velocity . The retarding viscous force
Δm acting on the spherical ball is
F= v , Δm = δΔ volume, Δm = δΔ volume
Δt i (a) directly proportional to R but inversely proportional to .
Δx
F = δAVi = δAvi vi (b) directly proportional to both radius R and velocity .
Δt
(c) inversely proportional to both radius R and velocity .
2
F = (Av) × V = Av (d) inversely proportional to R but directly proportional
3 –2 2
= 10 × 10 × (1.5) to velocity .
F = 22.5 N
Ans. (b)
density; Av  volume flow rate and area = 4
Sol. Retarding viscous force = 6Rv
65. A horizontally oriented tube AB of length l = 2.5 m rotates
Obviously option (b) holds goods.
with a constant anglular velocity   5 rad s about a
67. The ratio of the terminal velocities of two drops of radii R
stationary vertical axis OO’ passing through the end A.
and R/2 is
Initially the tube is filled with an ideal fluid. The end A of
the tube is open, the closed end B has a very small of (a) 2 (b) 1
orifice. Find the velocity of the fluid (in m/s) relative to (c) 1/2 (d) 4
the tube when the liquid column length in tube reduces to Ans. (d)
h = 1 m.
Sol. VT  r 2

2
 
VT 1  R 
  4
VT 2  R  
 2  
  
68. Units of coefficient of viscosity are
(a) Nms–1 (b) Nm2s–1
Ans. 10.00 (c) Nm–2s (d) None of these
Sol. Using Bernoulli’s theorem, we have Ans. (c)
1 Sol. We know that
PB  Patm  v 2 ...(i)
2 Force = F = 6 rV
l
2  2 N  m m / s
 l – l – h  
2
and PB – Patm  dx..2 x 
2  
l –h
Ns

1 2 m2
PB – Patm    2l – h  (ii)
2
From eqs. (i) and (ii),   Ns m2
1 2 1
  2l – h  h  v 2
2 2
FLUID MECHANICS 15

69. The terminal velocity v of a small steel ball of radius r Ans. (c)
falling under gravity through a column of viscous liquid Sol. When the two equal drops coalesces, volume of water
of coeffcient of viscosity  depends on mass of the ball m, remain same and a bigger drop is formed before these
acceleration due to gravity g, coefficient of viscossity  combine and R is radius after they combine, we have
and radius r. Which of the following relations is
4 4
dimensionally correct ? 2   r 3   R3
3 3
mgr
(a) v  R   2
1/3
(b) v  mgr r

mg mg vT  terminal velocity   r 2
(c) v  (d) v 
r  vT' R2
Ans. (c)  2
vT r
Sol. g has units of m/s2
 has units of kg/ms R2
vT'  VT 
r has units of m r2
2
mg R
has m / s as its unit vT'    vT
r r
kmg 2
hence V  is dimensionally correct. vT'   2  3 v m / s
r
70. A rain drop of radius r falls in air with a terminal speed vt. 73. As the temperature of water increases, its viscosity
What is the terminal speed of a rain drop of radius 2r ? (a) remains unchanged
(a) vt/2 (b) vt (b) decreases
(c) 2vt (d) 4vt (c) increases
Ans. (d) (d) increases or decreases depending on the external
pressure
Sol. vt  r 2
Ans. (b)
vt'  4r 2 Sol. As the temprature of liquid increases, the energy of its
molecules increases which increases the movement of
71. Eight spherical rain drops of the same mass and radius are
–1 molecules so the liquid becomes more fluid, thus viscosity
falling down with a terminal speed of 6 cm s . If they
of liquid decreases.
coalesce to form one big drop, what will be its terminal
74. The rate of flow of liquid in a tube of radius r, length l,
speed ? Neglect the buoyancy due to air.
–1 –1 whose ends are maintained at a pressure difference p is
(a) 1.5 cms (b) 6 cms
–1 –1
(c) 24 cms (d) 32 cms Qpr 4
V , where  is coefficient of the viscosity and Q
Ans. (c) 
4 3 4  is :
Sol. By volume conservation  R  8  r3 
3 3  (a) 8 (b) 1/8
R (c) 16 (d) 1/16
 2 Ans. (b)
r
2 Sol. Let r be the radius, L be the length and P is the pressure
V 'T  R 
So     V 'T  4 VT   4  6 = 24 cm/s difference. Generally Q is the as rate of flow of liquid but
VT  r  here it is taken as V. Therefore,
72. Two equal drops of water are falling through air with a
steady velocity v. If the drops coalesce, then new velocity  Q Pr 4
V
will be : l
(a) 2 v (b) 2v as for now V = Q
v Now using the poiseuille equation for the rate of flow of
(c) 22/3 v (d) liquid.
2
FLUID MECHANICS 16

Ans. 0.10
 Pr 4
Which is V  Sol. The terminal speed of a sphere of radius r and density 
8 l
in a liquid of density  and viscosity  is given by
on comparing
2 r2g
1    –   K   – 
Q . 9 
8
75. A viscous fluid is flowing through a cylindrical tube. The 2 r2g
Where K   is a constant for this problem.
velocity distribution of the fluid is best represented by the 9 
diagram
For the gold sphere,

t  K 19.5 – 1.5103  18  103 K ...(1)

(a) (b)
For the silver sphere

t  K 10.5 – 1.5 103  9  103 K ...(2)

From 91) and (2) we get
(c) (d) None of these
t 9 103 K 1
 
Ans. (c) 0.2 18 103 K 2
Sol. The velocity distribution of fluid is (c) as due to friction
 t  0.1ms –1
between layers it will vary as

R 2  d   Surface Tension
V   . 78. The water droplets in free fall are spherical due to
4  dx 
(a) gravity
76. If the terminal speed of a sphere of gold (density
–3 –1 (b) viscosity
= 19.5 kgm ) is 0.2 ms in a viscous liquid (density = 1.5
–3 (c) surface tension
kgm ), find the terminal speed of a sphere of silver (density
–3
= 10.5 kg/m ) of the same size in the same liquid. (d) intermolecular attraction
Ans. (c)
(a) 0.4 ms
–1
(b) 0.133 ms
–1 Sol. The water droplets in free fall are spherical due to surface
–1 –1 tension.
(c) 0.1 ms (d) 0.2 ms
79. Tiny insects can float and walk on the surface of water
Ans. (c)
due to
Sol. Terminal velcoity = v
(a) buoyancy alone
Viscous force upwards = weight of sphere downwards
(b) surface tension alone
4  (c) both buoyancy and surface tension
6 rv    r 3       g
3  (d) neither buoyancy nor surface tension
Ans. (c)
For gold and silver spheres falling in viscous liquid,
Sol. The surface of any body in water behaves as though it is
vg g  19.5  1.5 18 2 covered with an invisible skin, which allows small, light-
    
vs s   10.5  1.5 9 1 weight insects to walk across it. This skin effect is caused
by surface tension. Like molecules are attracted to each
vg 0.2 other. They like to “stick together” and this attractive force
vs    0.1m / s is known as cohesion.
2 2
77. The terminal speed of a sphere of god (density 19.5 × 10
3 80. Two small drops of mercury each of radius r form a single
–3 3 –3
kgm ) in a viscous liquid (density 1.5 × 10 kg m ) is 0.2 large drop. The ratio of surface energy before and after
–1
ms . What is the terminal speed (in m/s) of a sphere of this change is :
3 –3
silver 9density 10.5 × 10 kg m ) of the same size in the (a) 2 : 22/3 (b) 22/3 : 1
same liquid? (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 2
FLUID MECHANICS 17

Ans. (a) Ans. (b)

Sol. Let r be the radius of common drop Sol. The shape of the liquid is actually controlled by two forces
viz. surface tension and gravitational force. When size of
4 3 4
 r  2   R3 drop is small, surface tension force is greater than
3 3 gravitational force, which means net force is due to surface
1 tension.
r  23 R Surface tension is minimum when the surface area is
Surface tension of 2 drops = 2 × 4R2T minimum. So, the drop E is spherical. When the size is
surface tension of common drop = 4r2T larger, gravitational force > surface tension force. In this
case, gravity of the drop is more, so , the drop is no more
1
2  4 R 2T 2 3 2 spherical.
Ratio =  = 23
4 r 2T 1 2 85. Hair of shaving brush cling together when it is removed
from water due to
81. Which of the following is not the unit of surface tension?
(a) force of attraction between hair
(a) Newton/metre (b) Joule/(metre)2
(b) surface tension
(c) kg/(second) 2
(d) 3Watt/metre
(c) viscosity of water
Ans. (d)
(d) characteristic property of hair
Force MLT 2 Ans. (b)
Sol. Surface tension =    MT 2 
length L Sol. When the brush is removed from water hairs of the brush
cling together as the water that gets attached to the hairs
units surface tension can be N/m, J/m2, kg/s2 tries to minimise its surface area (in order to reduce residual
82. Surface tension is due to force) thus creating tension and this tension is known as
(a) friction forces between molecules surface tension.
(b) cohesive forces between molecules 86. Two water droplets coalesce to form a large drop. In this
(c) adhesive forces between molecules process,
(d) gravitational forces (a) energy is liberated
Ans. (b) (b) energy is absorbed
Sol. Its the cohesive force due to which surface molecules are (c) energy is neither liberated nor absorbed
attracted towards other similar molecules inside the surface, (d) a small amount of mass is converted into energy in
making the surface to behave like elastic stretched accordance with Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence
membrame. relation E = mc .
2

83. The spiders and insects move and run on the surface of Ans. (a)
water without sinking, because Sol. As surface area decreases so work done will be negative
(a) elastic membrane is formed on water due to property i.e. surface energy has decreased which is liberated in the
of surface tension form of heat.
(b) spiders and insects are lighter 6
87. A mercury drop of radius 1 cm is sprayed into 10 drops
(c) spiders and insects swim on water of equal size. The energy expended in joule is (surface
(d) spiders and insects experience upthrust tension of mercury is 460 × 10 Nm )
–3 –1

Ans. (a)
(a) 0.057 (b) 5.7
Sol. Weight of spiders or insects can be balanced by vertical –4 –6
(c) 5.7 × 10 (d) 5.7 × 10
component of force due to surface tension.
Ans. (a)
84. Small droplets of liquid are usually more spherical in shape
than larger drops of the same liquid because Sol.  = (AS)
(a) force of surface tension is equal and opposite to the = (Sf – Si)
–3 -2 2
force of gravity = 460 × 10 (106(4r ) – 4 )
(b) force of surface tension predominates the force of Where r = radius of smaller drops
gravity
4  4
(c) force of gravity predominates the force of surface 106   r 3    R3
2  3
tension
(d) force of gravity and force of surface tension act in the R 1 1
r 2
 cm  4 m
same direction and are equal 10 100 10
FLUID MECHANICS 18

–3 –4
= 460 × 10 × 4× 99 × 10 Total calculate volume of rain falling on the plate per square
5 –7
= 5.72 × 10 × 10 meter in one year is
–2
= 5.7 × 10 Nm V = 1 × 1 × 100 cm = 1 m
3

88. If work W is done in blowing a bubble of radius R from KE of the rain volume which becomes zero on striking at
soap solution, then the work done in blowing a bubble of
ground is
radius 2R from the same solution is
(a) W/2 (b) 2W 1 1
KE   V  .V 2   103   9 2
1 2 2
(c) 4W (d) 2 W
3
1
Ans. (c)  KE   1000
2
Sol. Let surface tension on the surface of the soap bubble = T
Total surface area of the soap bubble  KE  4.05  10 4 J .
= 2(4R2) 91. The work done to break up a drop of a liquid of radius R
= 8R2 (As the soap bubble as inner as well as outer and surface tension  into eight drops, all of the same size, is
surface) 2 2
(a) 4R (b) 2R
Work done in blowing soap bubble
= Surface tension × change in area. 1 2 1 2
W = 8R2 × T ..(i) (c) R (d) R
2 4
Now, when the radius becomes 2R
Ans. (a)
work done = 8(4R2)T = 4 × 8R2T
= 4W Sol. By volume conservation
89. If the surface tension of soap Sol. is , what is the work 4 3 4 
done in blowing soap bubble of radius r ?  R  8   r 3   R  2r
2 2
3 3 
(a) r  (b) 2r 
2 2 W = (s)
(c) 4r  (d) 8r 
Ans.
Sol.
(d)
Work done (s)
 
  8 4 r 2  4 R 2 

Where = surface tension 
  8 R 2  4 r 2   4 R 2
s = change in surface area
Excess Pressure
 2

So W    2 4 R  0  92. If two soap bubbles of different radii are connected by a
[as soap bubble has two surfaces] tube
2
= 8r  (a) air flows from the bigger bubble to the smaller bubble
90. The average mass of rain drops is 3.0×10–5 kg and their till the sizes become equal
average terminal velocity is 9 m/s. Calculate the energy (b) air flows from bigger bubble to the smaller bubble till
transferred by rain to each square metre of the surface at a the sizes are interchanged
place which receives 100 cm of rain in a year.
(c) air flows from the smaller bubble to the bigger
(a) 4.05 ×104 J (b) 3.5 ×105 J
(d) there is no flow of air.
(c) 9.0 ×104 J (d) 3.0 ×105 J
Ans. (a) Ans. (c)

4T
Sol. Pressure inside the bubble = P0 
r
Smaller the radius, greater will be the pressure, Air flows
from higher pressure to lower pressure. Hence air flows
Sol. from the smaller bubble to the bigger.
FLUID MECHANICS 19

93. If two soaps bubbles of equal radii r coalesce, then the 96. Two soap bubbles of radii r1 and r2 equal to 4cm and 5cm
radius of curvature of interface between two bubble will are touching each other over a common surface S1S2
be: (shown in figure). Its radius will be :
(a) r (b) 0
(c) infinity (d) r/2
Ans. (c)
Sol. Radius of curvature of interface between two bubbles is
calculated by
(a) 4 cm (b) 20 cm
1 1 1
  (c) 5 cm (d) 4.5 cm
r R1 R2
Ans. (b)
Sol. The excess pressure inside any soap bubble is given by
1 1 1
  expression
r R R
4T
r=  Pexcess =
r
Therefore, if two soap bubbles of equal radius R coalesce. 4T
P1 
Coalesce then the radius of curuature of interface between r
two bubbles will be infinity 4T
P2 
94. The excess pressure due to surface tension in a spherical 4
liquid drop of radius r is directly proportional to 4T
(a) r (b) r2 P1 – P 2 =
r
(c) r–1 (d) r–2 4T 4T 4T
 
Ans. (c) 4 5 r
r = 20 cm.
4T
Sol. P = Angle of Contact
r
97. If the angle of contact is less than 90°, then pressure just
inside the surface of a meniscus
P  r 1 .
(a) is less than atmospheric pressure
95. The excess pressure across a soap bubble of radius r is
(b) is greater than atmospheric pressure
p = 4/r, where  is the surface tension of soap solution.
What is the excess pressure across an air bubble of the (c) is same as the atmospheric pressure
same radius r formed inside a container of soap solution? (d) none of these
Ans. (a)
 2
(a) (b) Sol. If 90º
r r
4 .2
(c) (d) none of these
r .1
Ans. (b)
4
Sol. Soap bubble has two surface hence Pexcess 
r
For air bubble inside soap, only one surface is present hence
P2 > P1
2 Pressure just inside the meniscus is less then atmospheric
Pexcess  .
r pressure.
FLUID MECHANICS 20

98. Water does not wet an oily glass, because Capillarity

(a) cohesive force of oil > adhesive force between oil and 102. When two capillary tubes of different diameters are dipped
glass vertically, then rise of the liquid is:
(b) cohesive force of oil > cohesive force of water (a) same in both the tubes
(c) oil repels water (b) more in the tube of larger diameter
(c) less in the tube of smaller diameter
(d) cohesive force of water > adhesive force between water
and oil molecules (d) more in the tube of smaller diameter
Ans. (d)
Ans. (d)
Sol. The rise liquid columns in capilleries is related to its radius
Sol. The cohesive force between oil molecules is greater than
the adhesive force between oil molecules and glass. While 2T cos 
as h 
the adhesive force between water and glass is large enough r g
to make some molecules stick to the glass surface. This is
so rise is more for the tube of smaller diameter.
why, water wets a glass surface whereas oil does not wet
it. 103. Water rises to a height h in a capillary tube held vertically
in a beaker containing water. If the capillary tube is inclined
99. A glass plate is partly dipped vertically in the mercury and
at an angle 30° with the water surface, the length to which
angle of contact is measured. If the plate is inclined, then
water rises in the capillary will be
the angle of contact will
(a) h/2 (b) h
(a) increase (b) remain unchanged
(c) increase or decrease (d) decrease 2h
(c) (d) 2h
Ans. (b) 3
Sol. Angle of contact does not depend upon angle of inclination, Ans,. (d)
it depends upon temprature. Sol. The rise of in level of liquid will remain same even if
100. A liquid wets a solid completely. The meniscus of the liquid capillary tube is kept inclined
in a sufficiently long tube is
(a) flat (b) concave
(c) convex (d) cylindrical
Ans. (b)
Sol. Liquid wet solid completely only when  90º.
In case of  90º, meniscus in concave.
0
101. If a capillary tube is dippped into liquid and the levels of So l sin 30 = h
the liquid inside and outside are same, then the angle of
h
contact is : l  2h
sin 300
(a) 0° (b) 90°
(c) 45° (d) 30° 104. Two capillary tubes of the same length but different radii
r1 and r2 are fitted in parallel to the bottom of a vessel. The
Ans. (b)
pressure head is p. What should be the radius of a single
Sol. The height h through which a liquid will rise in a capillary
tube that can replace the two tubes so that the rate of flow
tube of inner radius r is given by
is same as before ?
2 S cos 
h r1r1
r g (a) r1 + r2 (b) r  r
1 2
where S is surface tension,  is density of the liquid and 
is the angle of contact. If the liquid level inside and outside r1  r2
(c) (d) None of these
of the tube are same. We have cos = 0º. Since other 2
variables cannot be zero Ans. (d)
cos = 0º
 = 90º
FLUID MECHANICS 21

Sol. Assuming the pipes are at equal depths, applying 105. A 20 cm long capillary tube is dipped in water. The water
Bernoulli’s principle. rises upto 8 cm. If the entire arrangement is put in a freely
falling elevator, the length of water column in the capillary
Efflux velocity of fluid, V is same in both tubes =  h  g 
1/ 2
tube will be
Rate of flow = cross section Area × velocity (a) 8 cm (b) 10 cm

 r 
2 (c) 4 cm (d) 20 cm
1   r22 V
Ans. (d)
Equivalent tube with same flow rate =  r v 2 Sol. In a freely falling elevator g = 0
Water will rise to the full length i.e., 20cm of tube.

 R 2V   r12   r22 V 
 
1/ 2
R  r12  r22 .