Mathematics Extended Part Module 2 (Algebra and Calculus) 2013

Suggested Solution
d sin 2( x  h)  sin 2 x
1. (sin 2 x)  lim
dx h  0 h
2( x  h)  2 x 2( x  h)  2 x
2 cos sin
 lim 2 2
h 0 h
2 cos(2 x  h) sin h
 lim
h 0 h
sin h
 2 lim cos(2 x  h) lim
h 0 h 0 h
 2 cos 2x
[4 marks]
n(n  1) 2
2. (1  ax) n  1  C1n ax  C2n (ax) 2    1  anx  a 2 x  
2
The coefficient of x  an  20 .....(1)
n(n  1)
The coefficient of x 2  a 2  180 .....(2)
2
Solving (1) and (2), we have a  2 and n  10 .
[4 marks]
1 1 1 1 4n  1
3. Let P (n) :1       
1 4 4  7 7 10 (3n  2)(3n  1) 3n  1
1 5
When n  1 , LHS of P (1)  1  
1 4 4
4(1)  1 5
RHS of P (1)  
3(1)  1 4
 P(1) is true.
Assume P (k ) is true, where k is a positive integer.
1 1 1 1 4k  1
i.e. 1       
1 4 4  7 7 10 (3k  2)(3k  1) 3k  1
1 1 1 1 1
LHS of P(k  1)  1       
1 4 4  7 7 10 (3k  2)(3k  1) (3(k  1)  2)(3(k  1)  1)
4k  1 1 (4k  1)(3k  4)  1 12k 2  19k  5
   
3k  1 (3k  1)(3k  4) (3k  1)(3k  4) (3k  1)(3k  4)
(3k  1)(4k  5) 4k  5
 
(3k  1)(3k  4) 3k  4
4(k  1)  1 4k  5
RHS of P (k  1)  
3(k  1)  1 3k  4
 P(k  1) is true.
By the principle of M.I., P (n) is true for all positive integers n .
[5 marks]
4. (a) y   e x  1 dx  e x  x  C

Put x  1 , y  e
e  e 1  C
C 1
 The equation of the curve is y  e x  x  1
(b) The point where the curve cuts the y -axis  (0, 2)
dy
0
dx (0,2)

Hence the required line is y  2

[5 marks]
5. (a) Maximum point  (0,1)
Point of inflexion  (1, 0) , (1, 0)
There is no minimum point.
f ( x) 3  3x2
(b) lim  lim 0
x  x x  x (3  x 2 )

3  3x 2
lim f ( x)  lim  3
x  x  3  x 2

The horizontal asymptote is given by y  3

There are no vertical nor oblique asymptote.
(c) Sketch of y  f ( x) :

[6 marks]
  x2
6. (a) Solve  2 x  4  4 , we have x  0 or x  4 .
2

 x2 4 5  x2 
The required area   (  2 x  4  4)dx    4  (  2 x  4)  dx
0 2 4
 2 

4  x2 5 x
2
  2 x dx    2 x dx
0 2 4 2

4 5
  x3   x3  13
  x2     x2   .
 6 0  6 4 2

5  x2
(b) The required volume    (  2 x  4  4) 2 dx
0 2
5 x4
  2 x 3  4 x 2 dx
0 4
5
 x5 x 4 4 x3  125
     
 20 2 3 0 12

[6 marks]
sin 2 x 2sin x cos x sin x
7. (a) RHS     tan x  LHS
1  cos 2 x 1  2 cos x  1 cos x
2

sin 8 y cos 4 y cos 2 y

(b) RHS 
(1  cos8 y )(1  cos 4 y )(1  cos 2 y )
 cos 4 y cos 2 y 
 tan 4 y   (by (a))
 (1  cos 4 y )(1  cos 2 y ) 
sin 4 y cos 2 y

(1  cos 4 y )(1  cos 2 y )
 cos 2 y 
 tan 2 y   (by (a))
1  cos 2 y 
sin 2 y

1  cos 2 y
 tan y (by (a))
 RHS
[5 marks]
8. (a) det( M )  k 2
 1 
 0 0 k 
 0 0 k   
1   1 
1  
1 1
M  2 k 0 0
k   k k2 
 k k2 1   
 1 1 1 
 
 k k2 
  x  2
   
(b) M 1   2
 z  1
   

 1 
 0 0 k  2
 x  2  
  1    1 1   
1  M  2   k 0 2
k 2   
z 1   1
    1  
 1 1
 
 k k2 
2 1
1  2 , k 2  2k  1  0 , k  1
k k
[5 marks]
9. (a) The augmented matrix of ( E ) is given by

1 a 1 2   1 a 1 2   1 a 1 2 
     
 2 1  2a 2  b a  4  ~  0 1 b a  ~  0 1 b a 
 3 1  3a 3  ab 4   0 1  ab 2   0 0 b  ab 2  a 

For ( E ) having infinitely many solution, we have
 b  ab  0

 2  a  0
We have a  2 , b  0

Alternative Solution:
As ( E ) has infinitely many solution, we have

1 a 1 1 a 1
1 b
2 1  2a 2b  0 1 b   b(1  a )  0
1 ab
3 1  3a 3  ab 0 1  ab

i.e. a  1 or b  0 .
When a  1 , the augmented matrix of ( E ) is given by

 1 1 1 2   1 1 1 2   1 1 1 2 
     
 2 1 2  b 5  ~  0 1 b 1  ~  0 1 b 1  , which is inconsistent, rejected.
 3 2 3  b 4   0 1 b 2   0 0 0 3 
     
When b  0 , the augmented matrix of ( E ) is given by

1 a 1 2   1 a 1 2   1 a 1 2 
     
 2 1  2a 2 a  4  ~  0 1 0 a  ~  0 1 0 a 
 3 1  3a 3 4   0 1 0 2   0 0 0 2  a 


For consistency, 2  a  0 , i.e. a  2 , b  0 .

 (b) The augmented matrix of ( E ) is given by

1 2 1 2 
 
 0 1 0 2 
0 0 0 0 
 
Solution: x  t , y  2 , z  6  t for any real numbers t .
[5 marks]
    
 kOA  OB 2ki  i  2 j 2k  1  2 
10. (a) ON    i j
k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1
 1  
(b) OM  OA  i
2
      
BM  OM  OB  i  (i  2 j )  2 j
 
OM  BM  0
 OM  BM
If A , N , P and M are concyclic, ON  AB
    
AB  OB  OA  i  2 j

 2k  1   2  3
  (1)    (2)  0 , k  . [5 marks]
 k 1   k 1  2

d 1
11. (a) ln(sec   tan  )  (sec  tan   sec 2  )  sec 
d sec   tan 

  sec  d  ln(sec   tan  )  C [2 marks]

(b) (i) Let u  sec  , du  sec  tan  d

du sec  tan  sec  tan 
 u 2  1   sec2   1 d   tan  d   sec d
 ln(sec   tan  )  C  ln(sec   sec 2   1)  C  ln(u  u 2  1)  C

2 xdx d(x 2  2) du
(ii)  x  4x  3
4 2

( x  2)  1
2 2

u 1
2
, where u  x 2  2

 
 ln(u  u 2  1)  C  ln ( x 2  2)  x 4  4 x 2  3  C

 
1
 ln ( x 2  2)  x 4  4 x 2  3   ln(3  8)  ln(2  3)
1 2 xdx

0
x  4 x  3 
4 2  0
3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3
 ln  ln   ln(6  4 2  3 3  2 6)
2 3 2 3 2 3
[5 marks]
d 1 1
(c)  
dt sec  1  t 2
2
 
When   0 , t  0 ; when   , t 1
4

tan  1 t  1  1 t
 0
4

1  2 cos 2 
d  
0
2
 2 
 1 t 
dt   0
t  4t 3  3
4
dt
1
1 t2
1
 ln(6  4 2  3 3  2 6) [5 marks]
2

x 302  (40  x) 2 x  5 x 2  80 x  2500

12. (a) (i) T  
7 1.4 7

dT 1  2 x  80 
(ii)  1  5  
dx 7  2 x 2  80 x  2500 

dT 5( x  40)
Solve  0 , we have 1  0
dx x  80 x  2500
2

x 2  80 x  2500  25( x 2  8 x  1600)

2 x 2  160 x  3125  0
160  1602  4  2  3125 5 6
Solve x , we have x   40 
4 2
5 6
Clearly x  40 ,  x  40 
2
5 6 2 5 6 1875
QB 2  x 2  80 x  2500  (40  )  80(40  )  2500 
2 2 2
1875 3750 25 6
QB    . [6 marks]
2 4 2

30 2 6 1
(b) (i) sin    , cos   1  sin 2  
 25 6  5 5
 
 2 

MB sin 
MB cos    40
tan 

1 2 6 1 
MB     40
5 5 tan  

200 tan 
MB  .
tan   2 6

d d tan   sec 2  (tan   2 6)  sec2  (tan  ) d

( MB)  200   
dt  tan   2 6 
(ii) 200
dt (tan   2 6) 2 dt

2 6 sec 2  d
 1.4  200 
(tan   2 6) 2 dt
 d
 0.0357 rad /s . (corrected to 4 d.p.) [7 marks]
dt

 a b  e f   ae  bg af  bh 
13. (a) (i) tr( MN )  tr      tr    ae  bg  cf  dh
 c d  g h   ce  dg cf  dh 

 e f   a b   ae  cf be  df 
tr( NM )  tr      tr    ae  bg  cf  dh
 g h   c d   ag  ch bg  dh 

 tr( MN )  tr( NM )
(ii) tr( B( AB 1 ))  tr(( AB 1 ) B)  tr( A)  4
1
(iii) | BAB 1 |  B | A |  | A | 3 [6 marks]
|B|
 x  x
(b) (i) C    1  
 y  y
 x  x
C    1    0
 y  y
 x
(C  1 I )    0
 y
 x
 det(C  1 I )  0 , since   is non-zero.
 y

p  1 q p  2 q
  0 , similarly 0
r s  1 r s  2

(ii) By (b)(i), 1 and 2 are roots of the equation

p q
0
r s
i.e. ( p   )( s   )  qr  0 ,  2  ( p  s )  ( ps  qr )  0
i.e.  2  tr(C )  | C |  0 [5 marks]
(c) By (a)(ii), (a)(iii) and (b)(ii), we have
 2  4  3  0
(  3)(  1)  0
  1 or   3 [2 marks]

                  
14. (a) (i) AP  BP  ( p  a)  ( p  b)  p  p  a  p  b  p  0  p  p  ( a  b)  p ( a  b )

(ii) We have
      
AP  BP  p  p  (a  b)  p .....(1)

Similarly, we have
      
BP  CP  p  p  (b  c)  p .....(2)
 and
      
CP  AP  p  p  (c  a)  p .....(3)

(1)  (2)  (3) :

     
0  3 p  p  (2a  2b  2c)  p

  2      
 p  p  (a  b  c)  p  2 p  d
3
              
(iii) | p  d |2  ( p  d )  ( p  d )  p  p  2 p  d  d  d  d  d  | d |2

  
| p  d |  | d |

 
As d is a fixed vector and | d | is a constant,  P lies on the sphere centred at D

with fixed radius. [8 marks]

  
(b) (i) As | 0  d |  | d | , so the claim of Alice is agreed.

   

(ii) As DP1  DP2  DP2  DP3 , we have P1 , P2 , P3 and D are coplanar, and D is the

centre of the sphere, hence the claim of Alice is agreed. [4 marks]