Report on

Internship (KCS-752)
Doctor Appointment System

Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement

for the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In

Computer Science and Engineering (Internet of things)

By
Satyam Yadav (2102901550033)

(Duration: 08th Jul 2024 to 17th Aug 2024)

Under the Supervision of

Prof. Gopal Gupta

ABES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

GHAZIABAD

AFFILIATED TO
Dr A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,
UTTAR PRADESH, LUCKNOW

(NOVEMBER-2024)
1
 INDEX

1. Acknowledgement 3
2. Certificate of Training 4
3. Company Profile 5
4. Introduction 8
5. History and Features 11
6. Technology Used 13
7. Module Training/Application 14
8. Conclusion 17
9. Future Scope 18
10. Reference 19

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the “Internship on MERN STACK”
undertaken during B. Tech, 3rd Year. We owe a special debt of gratitude to Mr. Gopal Gupta and Mr.
Gaurav Kansal for his constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work.His constant
motivation has been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is only his cognizant efforts that our
endeavors have seen light of the day.

We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of team members of CRC-Training and
Sanjeev Kumar (HOD) for their full support and assistance during the development of the project.

We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the motivation of the Department Of CSE-
IOT. ABES Institute of Technology to provide us the opportunity to undergo training at CRC-
Training.

3
Certificate Of Training

4
 Company Profile: ABESIT

ABES Institute of Technology (ABESIT) is a premier engineering institute located in Ghaziabad,

Uttar Pradesh, dedicated to delivering high-quality technical education and fostering a culture of
innovation, research, and holistic development. Established with a vision to nurture skilled
professionals and ethical leaders, ABESIT offers a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs
in engineering, management, and computer applications. The institute is renowned for its state-of-
the-art infrastructure, experienced faculty, and industry-aligned curriculum designed to equip
students with the knowledge and practical skills needed to excel in the rapidly evolving technological
landscape. With a strong emphasis on experiential learning, ABESIT empowers students through
hands-on projects, internships, and industry collaborations, preparing them for successful careers and
entrepreneurial pursuits. The institute’s commitment to academic excellence and personal growth
makes it a vibrant hub for aspiring technologists and future leaders.
Core Programs and Offerings

ABES Institute of Technology (ABESIT) is committed to delivering a robust technical education that
meets the demands of today’s technology-driven world. The institute offers a range of undergraduate
and postgraduate programs in engineering and technology, with a curriculum that emphasizes both
foundational knowledge and advanced, industry-relevant skills. ABESIT provides specialized
courses across disciplines like computer science, electronics, mechanical, and civil engineering, all
designed to equip students with the practical experience and theoretical insights needed in today’s
competitive job market. Each course includes hands-on lab work, workshops, and industry
interactions, ensuring that students gain essential real-world skills.

Impact and Reach

ABESIT has become a prominent institute in Northern India, known for its academic rigor and career-
oriented training. The institute’s dedicated placement cell has established a high placement rate, with
graduates finding employment in top IT, engineering, and core companies. By fostering a learning
environment that emphasizes innovation and ethical responsibility, ABESIT is creating professionals
who contribute meaningfully to the technological and social fabric of the country.

Partnerships and Collaborations

ABESIT collaborates with leading companies and educational bodies to bridge the gap between
academic training and industry expectations. Partnerships with technology giants and research

5
institutions allow ABESIT students to gain access to workshops, internships, and mentorship from
industry experts. These collaborations ensure that the curriculum stays current with industry
advancements, preparing students for emerging roles in technology and engineering.

Employment Assistance and Career Development

ABESIT’s Career Development and Placement Cell offers extensive employment support, including
placement drives, career counseling, and skill enhancement programs. The institute maintains strong
connections with industry leaders across sectors such as IT, manufacturing, and consulting, giving
students a competitive edge in the job market. Beyond placement support, ABESIT’s alumni network
and career workshops enable lifelong career progression for its graduates.

Alumni Success and Career Outcomes

ABESIT alumni have achieved success in diverse fields, working as skilled engineers, managers,
entrepreneurs, and leaders in top companies globally. The institute's alumni network provides an
ongoing support system for students and graduates, encouraging networking, professional growth,
and knowledge exchange.

Social Impact Initiatives

ABESIT is dedicated to community engagement and social responsibility. Through initiatives such
as workshops for underprivileged youth, technology boot camps, and social awareness programs,
ABESIT contributes to the community and inspires students to use their skills for societal benefit.
The institute actively promotes inclusivity and access to education, ensuring that students from
diverse backgrounds are empowered to succeed.

Recognitions and Awards

ABESIT’s commitment to excellence in technical education has been recognized at both national and
regional levels. The institute has received numerous accolades for its innovative programs,
outstanding faculty, and contribution to technical education, establishing it as a respected name in
engineering education in India.

Vision for the Future

ABESIT envisions becoming a leader in engineering education by continuously evolving its

6
curriculum, fostering research, and creating a global community of skilled professionals. The institute
aims to expand its outreach, incorporate cutting-edge technology in its programs, and uphold its
mission of shaping responsible and skilled engineers who can contribute to India’s technological
advancement and economic growth.

For further details, please visit the ABESIT website or contact the institute’s support team at
[email protected].

7
 Introduction

Objective of the Project

The Doctor Appointment System is designed to enhance the efficiency and accessibility of healthcare
services by providing a streamlined platform for scheduling medical appointments. The primary objective is
to simplify the process for patients to book, reschedule, or cancel appointments with healthcare providers,
ensuring that they can easily access the care they need. For doctors, the system offers a robust tool to manage
their schedules, view patient details, and optimize their availability, thereby reducing the likelihood of
appointment conflicts. By digitizing and automating these processes, healthcare facilities can significantly
reduce administrative workloads, improve resource utilization, and provide a more seamless and convenient
experience for patients. This system ultimately contributes to improved patient satisfaction and more
effective healthcare delivery.

MongoDB: MongoDB is a NoSQL database that employs an adaptive, document-based data model.
It saves data as JSON-like documents, making it simple to integrate and alter data within the
application. Because of its scalability and ability to handle massive amounts of data, MongoDB is
the best solution for web applications that require dynamic data storage.

Express.js: Express.js is a simple and versatile Node.js web application framework. It provides a
comprehensive set of APIs and web app development tools and information. Express.js makes it
simpler to manage routes, process requests and responses, and build middleware. It is extremely
adaptable and effective for developing web apps due to its lightweight and modular architecture.

MERN Stack

React.js: React.js is a JavaScript library for developing user interfaces. It allows for the design of
reusable UI components as well as their efficient updating and rendering in response to data changes.
8
features a virtual DOM (Document Object Model) for enhanced performance and rendering.

Node.js: Node.js is a JavaScript server-side runtime environment that allows programmers to run
JavaScript code outside of a web browser. Its event-driven, non-blocking design makes it
exceptionally scalable and excellent at handling multiple requests simultaneously. Because it
provides server-side scripting, filesystem operations, and network connectivity, Node.js is an
excellent choice for building the backend of websites.

Module
Authentication Module
An authentication module is a crucial part of any application that requires user management and security. It
handles the process of verifying user identities, managing sessions, and controlling access to resources.
Here’s an overview of how an authentication module typically works

User Registration
It allows new users to create an account by providing necessary details like Name, email, and password etc.

User Login
Authenticates a user trying to access the application by verifying their credentials.

Admin Module

The Admin Module also includes critical features for managing doctor approvals, blocking doctors, and
handling user rejections. When a new doctor registers on the platform, the admin is responsible for reviewing
their credentials, qualifications, and other necessary details before approving them to ensure they meet the
platform’s standards. This approval process is crucial for maintaining the quality and reliability of the
healthcare services provided.

If any issues arise, or if a doctor does not comply with the platform’s policies, the admin has the authority to
block the doctor, preventing them from accessing the platform and providing services until the issue is
resolved or permanently if necessary. Similarly, for users, the admin has the ability to reject new registrations
or remove existing users from the system if they violate terms of service or engage in inappropriate behavior.
This functionality ensures that the platform remains a safe and trustworthy environment for all participants.

9
Doctor Module
The Managing Appointments feature in the Doctor Module is central to the daily operations of healthcare
providers using the system. This functionality allows doctors to efficiently handle their schedules by viewing
and managing all upcoming and past appointments in a user-friendly interface. Doctors can confirm or cancel
appointments directly from their dashboard, providing them with the flexibility to adjust their schedules as
needed. The system sends real-time notifications for any new bookings, cancellations, or changes, ensuring
that doctors are always informed and can plan their day effectively. Additionally, doctors can access detailed
patient profiles linked to each appointment, allowing them to review medical history and prepare for
consultations in advance. This streamlined management of appointments not only helps doctors stay
organized but also enhances the overall patient experience by ensuring that appointments are handled
promptly and professionally.

User Module
The User Module in the doctor appointment system is designed to provide patients with a seamless and
intuitive experience for managing their healthcare interactions. Through this module, patients can easily
register and create profiles, where they can store essential personal information, medical history, and
preferences. Once registered, users can search for doctors based on specialization, location, or availability,
and book appointments directly through the platform. The module allows patients to view and manage their
upcoming and past appointments

10
 History and Features

History of Doctor Appointment System

With the advancement of digital technology, the need for streamlined healthcare management has led to the
evolution of doctor appointment systems. Initially, appointments were managed manually through phone
calls or in-person visits, leading to inefficiencies and longer wait times. The limitations of manual systems
gave rise to the development of basic digital appointment schedulers in the late 1990s, where patients could
book slots via email or standalone applications.
In the early 2000s, healthcare systems began integrating web-based appointment platforms. These platforms
allowed patients to book, reschedule, and cancel appointments online, providing a more user-friendly
experience. Over time, these systems incorporated features like SMS and email reminders, which
significantly reduced no-shows and improved operational efficiency.
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telemedicine and comprehensive appointment systems.
Modern doctor appointment platforms now leverage AI and ML for predictive scheduling, virtual
consultations, and automated reminders. These systems also integrate with electronic health records (EHRs),
enabling seamless data sharing between patients and healthcare providers. Today, appointment systems are
essential for managing patient flow efficiently, offering enhanced accessibility, and ensuring a better overall
healthcare experience.

Key Features of a Doctor Appointment System

1. User Authentication & Registration:
o Secure Login: Patients can log in through email, OTP, or social media for easy and safe
access.
o Profile Management: Allows users to maintain health records, insurance details, and
appointment history.
2. Appointment Scheduling:
o Real-Time Slot Availability: Displays available time slots for multiple doctors and
specialties.
o Flexible Rescheduling and Cancellation: Offers patients the convenience to manage their
appointments with ease.
3. Telemedicine Integration:
o Virtual Consultations: Enables video calls or chat-based consultations directly through the
platform.
o Prescriptions and Follow-ups: Doctors can issue e-prescriptions and set reminders for
follow-up visits.

11
4. Automated Notifications & Reminders:
o SMS/Email Alerts: Sends appointment confirmations, reminders, and follow-up
notifications.
o Push Notifications: Keeps users informed about upcoming visits or important updates.
5. Search and Filters:
o Specialist Search: Allows users to search for doctors by specialty, location, or availability.
o Reviews and Ratings: Provides user-generated feedback to assist in selecting the best
healthcare provider.
6. Payment Integration:
o Online Payment Gateways: Supports secure payments for consultation fees through
credit/debit cards, UPI, or wallets.
o Insurance Processing: Integrates with insurance providers for claim submissions.
7. Integration with Healthcare Records:
o EHR Integration: Enables access to patient medical histories for better treatment planning.
o Secure Data Storage: Ensures sensitive information is encrypted and complies with privacy
regulations like GDPR or HIPAA.
8. AI-Powered Features:
o Predictive Scheduling: Suggests optimal appointment times based on doctor availability
and patient preferences.
o Chatbots for Assistance: Provides 24/7 support for queries and booking assistance.
9. Scalability and Cloud Integration:
o Cloud-Based Storage: Securely stores patient and appointment data, enabling easy access
for authorized personnel.
o Scalable Infrastructure: Supports high volumes of appointments across multiple
healthcare facilities.
10. Analytics and Reporting:
o Insights for Healthcare Providers: Generates reports on patient trends, appointment
patterns, and feedback.
o No-Show Analytics: Helps identify patterns and reduce missed appointments through
targeted interventions.

12
 Technology Used

MongoDB: MongoDB is a NoSQL database that employs an adaptive, document-based data model.
It saves data as JSON-like documents, making it simple to integrate and alter data within the
application. Because of its scalability and ability to handle massive amounts of data, MongoDB is
the best solution for web applications that require dynamic data storage.

Express.js: Express.js is a simple and versatile Node.js web application framework. It provides a
comprehensive set of APIs and web app development tools and information. Express.js makes it
simpler to manage routes, process requests and responses, and build middleware. It is extremely
adaptable and effective for developing web apps due to its lightweight and modular architecture.

MERN Stack

React.js: React.js is a JavaScript library for developing user interfaces. It allows for the design of
reusable UI components as well as their efficient updating and rendering in response to data changes.
React.js' component-based architecture promotes reuse, modularity, and maintainability. It also
features a virtual DOM (Document Object Model) for enhanced performance and rendering.

Node.js: Node.js is a JavaScript server-side runtime environment that allows programmers to run
JavaScript code outside of a web browser. Its event-driven, non-blocking design makes it
exceptionally scalable and excellent at handling multiple requests simultaneously. Because it
provides server-side scripting, filesystem operations, and network connectivity, Node.js is an
excellent choice for building the backend of websites.

13
 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

Doctor Appointment System Development

1. Set Up the Project Structure
• Initialize Project Repositories:
o Create separate folders for the backend (/server) and frontend (/client).
o Initialize a Git repository for version control.
• Install Dependencies:
o Backend: Install necessary libraries such as Express, Mongoose, and dotenv.
o Frontend: Set up React with libraries like React Router, Axios, and Tailwind CSS for UI
design.

2. Backend Development (Node.js + Express)

a. Set Up Express Server
• Create an Express server in the /server folder.
• Configure middleware:
o Use body-parser for parsing JSON data.
o Enable CORS for cross-origin requests.
b. Database Configuration (MongoDB)
• Connect the application to MongoDB using Mongoose.
• Store the MongoDB URI securely using environment variables.
c. User Authentication and Authorization
• User Model: Define a Mongoose schema for users, including roles like admin, doctor, and patient.
• JWT Authentication: Use JWT for secure user sessions.
• Role-Based Access Control: Differentiate access based on user roles.
d. Appointment and Doctor Models
• Doctor Model: Define a schema to store doctor details (name, specialization, availability, etc.).
• Appointment Model: Include fields for patient details, doctor ID, appointment time, and status
(pending, confirmed, or canceled).
e. Appointment Booking API
• Create RESTful endpoints:
o GET /doctors: Retrieve a list of available doctors.
o POST /appointments: Book a new appointment.
o GET /appointments/:id: Fetch appointment details.

14
 o PATCH /appointments/:id: Update appointment status (e.g., confirmed or canceled).
f. Notification System
• Send email or SMS reminders using services like Twilio or Nodemailer.
• Notify users when appointments are booked, confirmed, or canceled.
g. Data Security
• Encrypt sensitive data like patient details.
• Implement role-based access to ensure only authorized users can access or modify specific data.

3. Frontend Development (React)

a. Project Setup
• Initialize a React app in the /client folder using create-react-app or Vite.
• Configure routing using React Router for pages like login, registration, appointment booking, and
dashboards.
b. Authentication and User Dashboard
• Login and Registration:
o Create pages for patient and doctor registration.
o Implement secure login functionality with JWT authentication.
• Role-Based Dashboards:
o Admin Dashboard: Manage doctors, view analytics, and handle system settings.
o Doctor Dashboard: View appointment schedules and patient details.
o Patient Dashboard: Book appointments, view appointment history, and manage profile.
c. Appointment Booking Interface
• Doctor Search:
o Implement filters for specialty, location, and availability.
• Appointment Form:
o Allow patients to choose a doctor, select a time slot, and confirm their booking.
d. Notifications and Reminders
• Display notifications for upcoming appointments.
• Use modals or alerts to notify users about updates or cancellations.
e. Reports and Analytics
• Create an admin page for visualizing data such as:
o Appointment trends (e.g., peak booking hours).
o No-show rates and user statistics.
• Use Chart.js or React Charts for interactive data visualization.

15
4. Key Features of the Doctor Appointment System
a. Appointment Scheduling
• Allow real-time slot booking for patients.
• Provide doctors with tools to block or update availability.
b. Telemedicine Integration
• Enable video consultations using WebRTC or third-party APIs like Twilio.
• Allow doctors to share e-prescriptions post-consultation.
c. Notifications
• Use push notifications for appointment reminders.
• Send confirmation or cancellation emails automatically.
d. Review and Rating System
• Allow patients to provide feedback on doctors.
• Display average ratings on the doctor profiles.
5. Testing and Debugging
• Unit Testing:
o Test API endpoints, models, and business logic using tools like Jest or Mocha.
• UI Testing:
o Ensure a seamless user experience with tools like Cypress or Playwright.
• Load Testing:
o Test the backend for handling concurrent user requests.
6. Deployment and Maintenance
a. Deployment
• Deploy the frontend on platforms like Vercel or Netlify.
• Deploy the backend on platforms like AWS, Heroku, or Render.
• Use MongoDB Atlas for a managed database solution.

16
 Conclusion

This project was developed to assist healthcare providers in digitizing their appointment management
processes, making their tasks more efficient and streamlined. Utilizing the MERN stack, the doctor
appointment system simplifies scheduling, patient record management, and communication between
doctors and patients. Automated features, such as appointment reminders and notifications, ensure that
patients and doctors are promptly informed, reducing the likelihood of missed appointments and
enhancing transparency.
By modernizing the appointment process, the system reduces administrative workload, ensures accurate
data handling, and creates a more organized and accessible healthcare experience. Overall, this project
represents a significant advancement in transforming traditional appointment systems, making them
more effective, patient-centric, and responsive to the needs of modern healthcare institutions.

17
 Future Scope

The doctor appointment system has immense potential for future enhancements, focusing on improving
user experience and operational efficiency. A notable upgrade would be the integration of a health card
scanner, allowing patients to quickly share medical records and insurance details by scanning their
health IDs. This would streamline registration, minimize manual errors, and ensure accurate patient
identification.
Developing a dedicated mobile application is another key enhancement, enabling patients to book,
reschedule, or cancel appointments on the go, receive real-time notifications about doctor availability,
and participate in teleconsultations. Healthcare providers could also use the app to manage their
schedules, view patient records, and send reminders or updates from any location.
Future developments could include integration with wearable devices to share real-time health

18
 Reference

1. https://www.mongodb.com/docs/
2. https://expressjs.com/
3. https://reactjs.org/docs/getting-started.html
4. https://nodejs.org/en/docs/
5. https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/getting-started-with-the-mern-stack
6. https://www.framer.com/motion/
7. https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.0/getting-started/introduction/
8. https://docs.npmjs.com/
9. https://axios-http.com/docs/intro
10. https://swagger.io/resources/articles/best-practices-in-api-design/

19