IEEE/EIA 12207 - Software Life Cycle Processes 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801

12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 1 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 2

Unit 1
Seminar themes (1 of 3)

IEEE/EIA 12207 ◆ Nature of 12207

◆A framework of related names and concepts ...
Software Life Cycle Processes not necessarily all of the best practices for
software
◆ Processes ... not procedures
Prepared by:
James W. Moore, [email protected] ◆ Life cycle processes ... not a life cycle model

The MITRE Corporation

January 1998
© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification. © 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification.

12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 3 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 4

Seminar themes (2 of 3) Seminar themes (3 of 3)

◆ The best use of IEEE/EIA 12207 is ◆ IEEE/EIA 12207 is a strategic, integrating
enterprise level adoption. standard for the IEEE software engineering
◆ It is intended for voluntary adoption rather than collection.
contractual imposition. ◆ It provides a unifying approach to
◆ It emphasizes specific one-party claims of compliance life cycle process standardization.
rather than two-party tailoring. ◆ It provides a unifying approach to
◆ It has relationships to contextual standards affecting life cycle data standardization.
enterprise goals. ◆ IEEE is now improving the fit.
◆ It has relationships to process and data standards that ◆ IEEE plans to build upon the standard with
may be used to implement its processes. future strategic efforts.
© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification. © 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification.

12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 5 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 6

Part 1 - Software engineering Software engineering: Definition

◆ Software Engineering (1) The application of a systematic,

◆ Definition disciplined, quantifiable approach to the
◆ Model development, operation and maintenance of
◆ Relationship to other Disciplines software, that is, the application of
engineering to software
◆ Software Engineering Standards
(2) The study of approaches as in (1)
◆ Software Engineering Standards Developers
-- IEEE Std 610.12
© IEEE, used by permission

© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification. © 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification.

© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is

granted to reproduce without modification. 1
IEEE/EIA 12207 - Software Life Cycle Processes 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801

12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 7 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 8

Software engineering:
Software engineering: A model
Relationship to other disciplines
Goals
Project Systems Quality
Constraints Control Management Engineering Management

Measurement Action Computer

Science and
Software Application
Domains
Technology Engineering
Needs Product
Process

Dependability Safety
Source:
Resources [SESC93]
© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification. © 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification.

12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 9 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 10

Part 2 – Software engineering

Software engineering standards
standards
◆ Approximately 315 software engineering standards, guides,
◆ Software Engineering handbooks, and technical reports are maintained by
◆ Software Engineering Standards approximately 46 professional, sector, national, and
international standards organizations. -- [Magee97]
◆ Scope
◆ In 1981, IEEE had one software engineering standard. By
◆ Importance year end 1997, the collection had grown to 44. -- [SESC97a]
◆ Roles and uses ◆ The 1994 edition of IEEE Standards Collection: Software
Engineering is 1300 pages long. The 1998 edition will be in
◆ History
four volumes totaling 2400 pages
◆ Software Engineering Standards Developers ◆ Most software engineering standards are practice standards
rather than the more familiar product standards

© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification. © 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification.

12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 11 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 12

Software engineering standards: Software engineering standards:

Scope Importance
Process Technique/Tool Applicability ◆ They consolidate existing technology into a
◆ Acquisition ◆ CASE tools ◆ General
◆ Requirements ◆ Languages and ◆ Defense firm basis for introducing newer technology
definition
Notations ◆ Financial
◆ Design
◆ Metrics
◆ They increase professional discipline
◆ Code and Test ◆ Medical
◆ Privacy
◆ Integration ◆ Nuclear ◆ They protect the business
◆ Maintenance and ◆ Process improvement ◆ Process control
Operations ◆ Reliability ◆ Scientific ◆ They protect the buyer
◆ CM ◆ Safety ◆ Shrink-wrap
◆ Documentation ◆ Security ◆ Transportation ◆ They improve the product
◆ Project management ◆ Software reuse
◆ Quality assurance ◆ Vocabulary
◆ V&V Source: [Magee97]
© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification. © 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification.

© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is

granted to reproduce without modification. 2
IEEE/EIA 12207 - Software Life Cycle Processes 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801

12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 13 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 14

Software engineering standards: Software engineering standards:

Roles Uses
More exciting
◆ Specify techniques to develop software faster, cheaper,
better → IEEE 982.1 (Measures for Reliable SW)
◆ Terminology
◆ Provide consensus validity for “best practices” that cannot ◆ Best practice adoption
be scientifically validated → IEEE 1008 (Unit Testing)
◆ Provide a systematic treatment of “ilities” → IEEE 730 (SW ◆ Organizational badge
Quality Assurance)
◆ Provide uniformity where agreement is more important than ◆ Contractual agreement
small improvements → IEEE P1320.1 (IDEF0)
◆ Provide a framework for communication between buyer and
seller → IEEE/EIA 12207 (SW Life Cycle Processes)
◆ Give precise names to concepts that are fuzzy, complex,
detailed and multidimensional → IEEE 1028 (SW Reviews)
More effective
© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification. © 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification.

12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 15 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 16

Software engineering standards: Software engineering standards:

Organizational goals History
◆ Improve and evaluate software competence ◆ 1968: Term software engineering coined at NATO conference
◆ 1973: US National Bureau of Standards writes Guidelines for
◆ Framework for two-party agreements Documentation of Computer Programs and Automated Systems
◆ 1974: US Navy initiates Mil-Std-1679, Weapons System
◆ Evaluation of software products
Development, including guidelines for embedded computing
◆ Assurance of high integrity levels for resources.
◆ 1976: IEEE creates predecessor of SESC
software products
◆ 1979: IEEE Std 730, Software Quality Assurance Plans
◆ 1987: ISO and IEC form JTC1 on Information Technology
[Industry]
◆ 1998: JTC1/SC7 gains “horizontal” status

© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification. © 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification.

12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 17 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 18

Part 3 – Software engineering SWE standards developers:

standards developers International
International Organisation for Standardisation International Electrotechnical Commission

ISO IEC ITU

◆ Software Engineering
◆ Software Engineering Standards TC176 JTC1 TC56 SC65A
Quality Information Technology Dependability Functional Safety

◆ Software Engineering Standards

Developers SC1 SC7 SC22
Terminology Software Language, OS
Engineering
◆ International
: ISO/JTC1/SC7 and others
WG7 Other WGs WG9 WG15
◆ US: IEEE and others Life cycle processes Ada POSIX C++

The focal point in international standards is ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7.

Other committees, though, deal with related work.
Members of these committees are “national bodies,” i.e. countries, represented by
“national delegations.”
© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification. © 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification.

© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is

granted to reproduce without modification. 3
IEEE/EIA 12207 - Software Life Cycle Processes 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801

12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 19 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 20

SWE standards developers: SWE standards developers:

ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 program Current standards of SC7
◆ Six “legacy” standards
◆ WG2: System software ◆ WG9: Classification and ◆ ISO/IEC 9126:1991, Product quality characteristics
documentation mapping ◆ ISO 9127:1988, User documentation and cover information for
◆ WG4: Tools and ◆ WG10: Process assessment consumer software packages
environment ◆ ISO/IEC TR 9294:1990, Management of software documentation
◆ WG11: Software
◆ WG6: Evaluation and engineering data definition ◆ ISO/IEC 11411:1995, Representation of state transition diagrams
metrics and representation ◆ ISO/IEC 12119:1994, Software packages: Quality requirements and
testing
◆ WG7: Life cycle ◆ WG12: Functional size
◆ ISO/IEC 12207:1995, Software life cycle processes
management measurement
◆ ISO/IEC 14102:1995, Evaluation and selection of CASE tools
◆ WG8: Integral life cycle ◆ WG13: Software
◆ ISO/IEC 14143-1:1997, Functional size measurement
processes measurement process
◆ ISO/IEC 14568:1997, Diagram exchange language for tree charts

© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification. © 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification.

12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 21 12207 - Unit 1 - JWM - 9801 22

SWE standards developers: SWE standards developers:

US American National Standards Institute
IEEE
ANSI IEEE Board of
Directors
IEEE Standards
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Board
NCITS AIAA ANS ASTM EIA IEEE Other Societies Computer
Society
Electronic Industries Association

INCOSE Similar Standards

PMI SESC organizations Activity Board
Software Engineering Standards Committee
About 550 organizations in the U. S. make standards.
About half of them are accredited by ANSI, allowing them to participate in
international standardization activity. Other “Sponsors” Stds Coordinating SW Engineering
Committees Standards Committee
The focal point (in the U. S.) is the SESC of the IEEE Computer Society

© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification. © 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is granted to reproduce without modification.

© 1998, The MITRE Corporation. Permission is

granted to reproduce without modification. 4