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大分

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15 views5 pages

大分

Uploaded by

folkan std
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Case

 が – subject marker, but (ga)


 で – at, by (de)
 と – and, with (to)
 に – indirect object marker (ni)
 の – possession marker, of (no)
 へ – to (e) [Note: へ is normally read he, but when used as this particle its reading changes to e]
 まで – to (made)
 から – from (kara)
 より – than (yori)
 を – direct object marker (o)

Conjunctive

 および、及び – and; as well as (oyobi)


 か – whether (ka)
 かも – might be, possible that (kamo)
 そして – and then (soshite)
 それとも – or (soretomo)
 だの – things like <list of things>, including, such things as (dano)
 つつ – ongoing occurrence (tsutsu) [similar to ながら but has different tone, and both actions have
equal weight]
 て – te form of verb or adjective [see explanation]
 と – when, if, that (to)
 ながら – while, though, both (nagara)
 ならびに – as well as (narabini)
 なり – whether or not (nari)
 に – to <somewhere>, by <someone> (ni)
 の – possession (no)
 ので – so (node)
 また、又 – also, again (mata)
 または、又は – or alternatively (matawa)
 も – also, too (mo)
 や – and (ya)

Final

 ね – emphasis and question marker, equivalent to "right?" (ne)


 か – question marker (ka)
 な – the copula particle used after quasi-adjectives (na)
 かしら – I wonder (kashira)
 さ – -ness (sa)
 っけ – particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information ["What class is next
-kke?"] (-kke)

Adverbial
 こそ – emphasis (koso)
 さえ – even (sae)
 しか – only (shika)
 すら – even (sura)
 くらい、ぐらい – approximately, about (kurai)
 だけ – only, as much as (dake)
 だって – however (datte)
 ったら – casual topic marker (ttara) [colloquial form of to ittara (if you refer to ~; as for ~)
 って – said that (tte)
 でも – also, or (demo)
 どころ – (particle used to indicate that what precedes it is an extreme example and strongly
negates it) (dokoro)
 など – for example (nado)
 なら – if [for verbs]; subject marker [for nouns] (nara)
 なんか – casual undervalue, dislike, lack (nanka)
 なんて – casual undervalue, dislike, lack (nante)
 は – topic marker (wa) [although ha is the hiragana used, wa is the pronunciation)
 ばかり、ばっかり – just, full of, only (bakari)
 まで – until (made)
 も – too, also (mo)

そうにもない (sou nimo nai): impossible, unlikely

ただ～のみだ (tada~nomi da): can do nothing but

た拍子に (ta hyoushi ni): the instant

ためしがない (tameshi ga nai): (something) is never the case

たりとも (taritomo): (not) even, (not) any

た瞬間に (ta shunkan ni): the moment

てっきり (tekkiri): surely, certainly

たところで (ta tokoro de): even if one does something

てからというもの (te kara to iu mono): after, since

てかなわない (te kanawanai): can’t stand, unable to

てまで (te made): even

てみせる (te miseru): I’ll definitely

てもどうにもならない (temo dou nimo naranai): it’s no use


ても始まらない (temo hajimaranai): it’s no use

ても差し支えない (temo sashitsukaenai): can, it’s okay if

てしかるべきだ (te shikaru beki da): should

ってば (tteba): I said, I told you to

てやまない (te yamanai): always, never stop

と相まって (to aimatte): together with

とあれば (to areba): if, if it’s the case that

とあって (to atte): because of

とばかりに (to bakari ni): as if, as though

といえども (to ie domo): even, even if

といい～といい (to ii~to ii): and, or

といったらない (to ittara nai): very, extremely

という (to iu): all, every

というか (to iu ka): or, or more precisely

というか～というか (to iu ka~to iu ka): (I’m not sure if it’s) A or B

というところだ/といったところだ (to iu tokoro da/to itta tokoro da): approximately, about

というもの (to iu mono): during a period of time

というわけだ (to iu wake da): this means

というわけではない (to iu wake dewa nai): it’s not that, it doesn’t mean that

といわず (to iwazu): not just, both

ときたら (tokitara): when it comes to, concerning

ときている (to kite iru): because

ところがある (tokoro ga aru): there is


ところから (tokoro kara): from the fact that

とみられる (to mirareru): to be regarded as, to be expected to

とみるや (to miru ya): at the sight of, upon seeing

ともなく (tomonaku): to do something without thinking about it

ともなると/ともなれば (tomo naru to/tomo nareba): when, once (something happens)

ともすれば (tomo sureba): apt to, prone to

と思いきや (to omoikiya): I thought

とりわけ (toriwake): especially

とされる (to sareru): is considered

とっさに (tossa ni): at once, right away

としたって/としたところで (to shitatte/to shita tokoro de): even if

として～ない (toshite~nai): not even one

とて (tote): even if, even though

とても～ない (totemo~nai): cannot possibly

とは (towa): [indicates word or phrase being defined]

とはいえ (towaie): nonetheless, although

とはいうものの (towa iu mono no): having said that, be that as it may

つ～つ (tsu~tsu): [indicates two contrasting actions]

はおろか (wa oroka): let alone, not to mention

はさておき (wa sateoki): setting aside

や否や (ya ina ya): the moment that, as soon as

やしない (yashinai): not (emphatic negative)

(よ)うが/(よ)うと (you ga/you to): no matter how/what


(よ)うが～まいが/(よ)うと～まいと (you ga~mai ga/you to~mai to): whether or not

(よ)うか～まいか (you ka~mai ka): whether or not

(よ)うものなら (you mono nara): if one chooses to

(よ)うにも～ない (you nimo~nai): even if one tries to do something, it can’t be done

ようによっては (you ni yotte wa): depending on

ゆえに (yue ni): therefore, consequently

ざる (zaru): not, -un

ずじまい (zu jimai): never

ずくめ (zukume): entirely, completely

ずとも (zu tomo): even without doing

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