My SQL Revision Tour

1. Sql command to create database:

Create database <db name>;
2. Sql command to view databases:
Show databases;
3. Sql command to open database:
use <db name>;
4. Sql command to view tables present in a table:
Show tables;
5. Sql command to create table:
Create table <table name>(<column name> [ (<size>)],>(<column name> [ (<size>)]..)
Example:- create table cdetail(pname char(20),city char(20),mobile_no long);
6. Sql command to view structure of a table:
Describe/desc <table name>;
Example:- describe cdetails;
7. Sql Command to rename a column name:
Alter table <table name> change <old column name> <new column name> [data
type];
Example:- alter table student change mame mname varchar(20);
8. Sql Command to modify column details:
Alter table <table name> modify < column name> [data type];
Example:- alter table student modify adharno bigint(10) unique not null;
9. Sql Command to Change the order of Column:
Alter table <table name> modify <column name> <datatype> after <column name>;
alter table song modify column sname varchar(30) after rollno;
10.Sql Command to add new column:
Alter table <table name> add < column name> [data type];
Example:- alter table student add dob date;
11.Sql Command to delete column:
Alter table <table name> drop < column name>;
Example:- alter table student drop mname;

12. Sql Command to insert record in a table:-

Insert into <table name> values(<1stcolumn value>,<2nd Col value>…..);
Example:- insert into student values(12001,'Rajdeep Singh','Sandeep
Singh',null,123456789121,'2001-12-23');
 Sql Command to insert record in a specific columns:-
insert into student(adharno,roll_no,t_marks) values(146665432456,126,160);
13. Sql Command to apply constraints:
Create table <table name> (<column name> [ (<size>)] <constraint>,>(<column
name> [ (<size>)] <constraint>..)
Create table student( roll int(5) primary key,name varchar(20),adhar bigint(12),email
varchar(20), unique(adhar,email));
14. Sql Command to apply constraints:
Create table <table name> (<column name> [ (<size>)] <constraint>,>(<column name> [
(<size>)] <constraint>.., constraint <constraint name> foregin key(<col name>) references
<table name>(<column name>) on delete cascade on update cascade);
create table subjects(roll int(5),sub1 varchar(20),sub2 varchar(20),
-> constraint fk_st foreign key(roll) references student(roll) on delete cascade on update
cascade);
15. Sql Command to drop table:-
drop table <table name>;
16.Sql Command to update record:
update <table name> set < column name>=<value>…… where <column
name>=<values>;
Example:- update store set quantity=60 where itemno=2005;
17.Sql Command to display specific columns in a table:
Select <1stcolumn name>,<2ndcoumn name> from <table name>;
Example:- selecty itemname,scode from store;
18.Sql Command to delete all records from a table:
Delete from <table name>;
Example:- delete from store;
19.Sql Command to delete specific record from a table:
Delete from <table name> where <condition>;
Example:- delete from store where itemno=2005;
20.Sql Command to remove table from a database:
Drop table <table name>;
Example:- drop table store;
21.Sql Command to apply primary key constraint in to the column of the table:
 alter table <table name> add primary key(<column>;
Example:- alter table st add primary key(roll_no);
22.Sql Command to remove primary key constraint from the table:
alter table <table name> drop primary key;
Example:- alter table st drop primary key;
23. Sql Command to add foreign key constraint from the table:
alter table <table name> add constraint <constraint name> foreign key(<Column
name>) references <reference table name>(<column name>);
Example:- alter table sub add constraint fk_roll foreign key(roll_no) references
student(roll_no);
24.Sql Command to drop foreign key constraint from the table:
ALTER TABLE <table name> DROP FOREIGN KEY <foreign key constraint name>;
Example:- ALTER TABLE Orders DROP FOREIGN KEY FK_PersonOrder;
25.Sql Command to remove column from the table:
alter table <table name> drop column <column name>;
Example:- alter table st drop column mname;
26.Order by command in Sql :
1. Select * from <table name> order by <column name> desc/asc
Example:- select * from student order by marks desc;
2. Order by specific values:-
Select * from <table name> order by field(city,”Bemetara”,”raipur”,”Bilaspur”);
27.Sql command to Display Distinct values of a particular Column.
Syntax:- select distinct <column name> from <table name>;
Example:- select distinct city from student;
28.Sql command to use Group by Clause:
Syntax:- select <column name> from <table name> group by <city>;
Example:- select city,count(*) as 'No of students' from student group by city;
29.Sql command to use Group by Clause with condition:
Syntax:- select <column name> from <table name> group by <city> having <column
name>;
Example:- select city,count(*) as 'No of students' from student group by city having
count(*)>1;
30.SQl command to count no of records:
Syntax:- select count(<coumn name>/*) from <table name>;
31. Sql Command to take backup of Database:
Example:-
Go to bin directory of mysql folder location:-
cmd> cd C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.1\bin
 cmd> mysqldump -u root -p amit>d:\amit.sql
Sql Command to restore Backup of database:---
Syntax:-- mysql –u <database username> -p <name of database> < <location of the back up file>
Example:---- mysql -u root -p amit<d:\amit.sql

32.Aggrigate functions:-
a) Distinct
b) Avg
c) Count()
Example:- select count(*) as "No. of Students",city from student where city="Bilaspur";

d) Max
e) Min
f) Sum
33.Date related function
a) Month()
b) Year()
c) Day()

Format Description
%a Abbreviated weekday name (Sun to Sat)
%b Abbreviated month name (Jan to Dec)
%c Numeric month name (0 to 12)
%D Day of the month as a numeric value, followed by suffix (1st, 2nd, 3rd, ...)
%d Day of the month as a numeric value (01 to 31)
%e Day of the month as a numeric value (0 to 31)
%f Microseconds (000000 to 999999)
%H Hour (00 to 23)
%h Hour (00 to 12)
%I Hour (00 to 12)
%i Minutes (00 to 59)
%j Day of the year (001 to 366)
%k Hour (0 to 23)
%l Hour (1 to 12)
%M Month name in full (January to December)
%m Month name as a numeric value (00 to 12)
%p AM or PM
%r Time in 12 hour AM or PM format (hh:mm:ss AM/PM)
%S Seconds (00 to 59)
%s Seconds (00 to 59)
%T Time in 24 hour format (hh:mm:ss)
%U Week where Sunday is the first day of the week (00 to 53)
%u Week where Monday is the first day of the week (00 to 53)
 %V Week where Sunday is the first day of the week (01 to 53). Used with %X
%v Week where Monday is the first day of the week (01 to 53). Used with %X
%W Weekday name in full (Sunday to Saturday)
%w Day of the week where Sunday=0 and Saturday=6
%X Year for the week where Sunday is the first day of the week. Used with %V
%x Year for the week where Monday is the first day of the week. Used with %V
%Y Year as a numeric, 4-digit value
%y Year as a numeric, 2-digit value
d) DATE_FORMAT(date,format)
Example:- select date_format(dob,”%d-%m-%y”) from sample;
e) DATEDIFF( date1, date2)
Example:- select datediff(current_date,dob) from student;
Result always in the form of No of days.

34.Sql Command to Use String Concatenation Function:-

Synatx:- concat(string1,string2)
Example :- select concat(year(current_date)-year(dob)," years") as 'Age' from student;
select sname,(concat((year(current_date)-year(dob))," Years")) as 'age' from student;
+-----------------+----------+
| sname | age |
+-----------------+----------+
| ramesh | 20 Years |
| ramesh Tiwari | 15 Years |
| Amit Singh | 17 Years |
| Rajdeep Singh | 19 Years |
| Rajdeep Singh | 18 Years |
| Aditya Dewangan | 18 Years |
+-----------------+----------+
35.Nested Sql Command:
Example:- select sname from student where t_marks=(select max(t_marks)
from student);
36. Sql Joins
INNER JOIN Syntax:-

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
INNER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name;
Example:- select student.roll_no,sname,sub1,sub2 from student inner join subject on
student.roll_no=subject.roll_no;

Natural Join (Intersection):

- The associated tables have one or more pairs of identically named columns.
- The columns must be the same data type.
- Don’t use ON clause in a natural join.

Syntax:
SELECT *
FROM table1
NATURAL JOIN table2;

Equi Join:
SQL EQUI JOIN performs a JOIN against equality or matching column(s) values of the
associated tables. An equal sign (=) is used as comparison operator in the where clause
to refer equality.
Syntax:
.SELECT column_list FROM table1, table2.... WHERE table1.column_name =
table2.column_name;
Cartesian product:
The CARTESIAN JOIN or CROSS JOIN returns the Cartesian product of the sets of records from two
or more joined tables.

Syntax:-
SELECT table1.column1, table2.column2...

FROM table1, table2 [, table3 ]

Union:-
 Select * from <table name1> union select * from <table name2>;

My Sql Connection Code in Python:

1. Insert Operation in Python

import pymysql
db=pymysql.connect("localhost","root","123","rameshwar")
cursor=db.cursor()
eid=input("please enter employee id:")
ename=input("please enter employee name:")
query="insert into emp1 values("+eid+",'"+ename+"');"
try:
cursor.execute(query)
db.commit()
cursor.execute("select * from emp1;")
data=cursor.fetchall()
print(data)
except:
print("Query Error")
db.rollback()
db.close()
2. Select operation:
import pymysql
con=pymysql.connect("localhost","root","123","amit")
cursor=con.cursor()
query="select * from drama"
cursor.execute(query)
ds=cursor.fetchmany(3)
print("Student name\t Roll No")
for i in ds:
print(i[0],"\t\t",i[1])
con.close()
3. Search Operation:
#progrma to insert and show inserted record from database
import pymysql
db=pymysql.connect("localhost","root","123","amit")
try:
cursor=db.cursor()
roll=input("Enter Student Roll No:")
name=input("Enter Name:")
#insert into drama value('ashish',128);
query="insert into drama values('"+name+"',"+roll+");"
cursor.execute(query)
query="select * from drama where sname='"+name+"';"
cursor.execute(query)
res=cursor.fetchall()
 db.commit()
print(res)
''' print("Roll No\tName")
for i in res:
print(i[1],"\t",i[0])'''
except:
db.rollback()
print("Check the connection or query")
db.close()
4. Update Operation:-
#program to Update record from table
import pymysql
con=pymysql.connect("localhost","root","123","amit")
cursor=con.cursor()
sname=input("Enter Name:")
qur="select * from drama where sname='"+sname+"';"
cursor.execute(qur)
data=cursor.fetchall()
rec=cursor.rowcount
if rec==0:
print("Record not Available")
else:
for i in data:
print("Student Roll No:",i[1],"\t Student Name:",i[0])
roll=input("Please enter the New Roll No.:")
query="update drama set rollno="+roll+" where sname='"+sname+"';"
cursor.execute(query)
con.commit()
print("Record updated")
qur="select * from drama where sname='"+sname+"';"
cursor.execute(qur)
data=cursor.fetchall()
for i in data:
print("Student Roll No:",i[1],"\t Student Name:",i[0])
con.close()
5. Delete Operation:
#program to Delete record from table
import pymysql
con=pymysql.connect("localhost","root","123","amit")
cursor=con.cursor()
sname=input("Enter Name:")
qur="select * from drama where sname='"+sname+"';"
cursor.execute(qur)
data=cursor.fetchall()
rec=cursor.rowcount
if rec==0:
 print("Record not Available")
else:
for i in data:
print("Student Roll No:",i[1],"\t Student Name:",i[0])
query="delete from drama where sname='"+sname+"';"
cursor.execute(query)
con.commit()
print("Record Deleted")
con.close()