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THE BENEFITS OF FEDERALISM
promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. On the
subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that “a single
courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic
experiments without risk to the rest of the country.[1]”
THE DRAWBACKS OF FEDERALISM
Stark economic differences. For example, in 2014, Maryland had the highest median household income
($73,971), while Mississippi had the lowest ($39,680)[3]. There are also huge disparities in school
funding across states. In 2013, New York spent $19,818 per student for elementary and secondary
education, while Utah spent $6,555[4]. Furthermore, health-care access, costs, and quality vary greatly
across states[5].
The economic strategy of using race-to-the-bottom tactics in order to compete with other states in
attracting new business growth also carries a social cost. For example, workers’ safety and pay can suffer
as workplace regulations are lifted, and the reduction in payroll taxes for employers has led a number of
states to end up with underfunded unemployment insurance programs[6]. Nineteen states have also
opted not to cover more of their residents under Medicaid, as encouraged by the Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act in 2010, for fear it will raise state public spending and increase employers’ cost of
employee benefits, despite provisions that the federal government will pick up nearly all cost of the
expansion[7]. More than half of these states are in the South.
The federal design of our Constitution and the system of checks and balances has jeopardized or
outright blocked federal responses to important national issues. President Roosevelt’s efforts to combat
the scourge of the Great Depression were initially struck down by the Supreme Court. More recently,
President Obama’s effort to make health insurance accessible to more Americans under the Affordable
Care Act immediately ran into legal challenges[8] from some states, but it has been supported by the
Supreme Court so far. However, the federal government’s ability to defend the voting rights of citizens
suffered a major setback when the Supreme Court in 2013 struck down a key provision of the Voting
Rights Act of 1965[9]. No longer are the nine states with histories of racial discrimination in their voting
processes required to submit plans for changes to the federal government for approval..
What type of person is perfect for me? Why would this person love me and what value would I bring to
their life?
EDUCATION
Einar H. Dyvik: Around 90 percent of the world’s population had completed a primary education in 2020,
whereas 66 percent had attained a secondary education. The numbers were even lower in tertiary
education, with around 40 percent of the global population having attained some kind of tertiary
education
Ph business for education: Filipino adults’ completion rate for secondary education significantly drops to
30.5%
Ph: In the 2018 PISA, The Philippines ranked last among 79 participating countries and economies in
reading and second to last in science and mathematics. At least 78% of students in the Philippines failed
to reach minimum levels of proficiency in each of the three PISA subjects.
19% achieved the minimum proficiency level of Overall Reading Literacy.
19% achieved the minimum proficiency level of Overall Math Literacy, Level 2 or higher. 22% of students
attained Level 2 or higher in Science.
DIVORCE
WHO indicate that globally about 1 in 3 (30%) of women worldwide have been subjected to either
physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence
Philippine Statistics Authority, 17.5% of Filipino women aged 15-49 have experienced any form of
physical, sexual, and emotional violence from their intimate partners.
VIOLENCO ON WC
,ANIMAL CRUELTY, TYPHOON, CLIMATE CHANGE, HEAT INDEX, GDP, INFLATION, ECONOMIC
INEQUALITY, WPS, SOGIE BILL, POLITICAL, MOTHER TONGUE, EDUCATION RESILIENCY, ELECTION,
CHACHA, BALIK JUNE, MENTAL HEALTH, AI, SUGAR DADDY, DEAR, ICC, EJK, UNEMPLOYMENT, FARMERS,
PUV, MARIJUANA

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THE BENEFITS OF FEDERALISM

THE DRAWBACKS OF FEDERALISM

19% achieved the minimum proficiency level of Overall Reading Literacy.

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