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Chapter 8 DESIGN OF FIR FILTER

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87 views3 pages

Chapter 8 DESIGN OF FIR FILTER

Uploaded by

pranaven
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DESIGN OF FIR FILTER

1. Determine the Ideal Impulse Response of Filter


Example for Low pass filter

At n=0n = 0n=0, the impulse response becomes:

OR

hd(0) = 2Fc , Fc is normalized frequency

2. Choose a Suitable Window Function


To approximate the ideal filter (which has infinite length), we truncate the
impulse response using a window function. Common window functions include:
• Rectangular Window (simplest, but with high side lobes)
• Hamming Window (moderate side lobes, widely used)
• Hann Window (smoother than Hamming)
• Blackman Window (low side lobes, best stop-band attenuation)
For a balance between simplicity and side-lobe attenuation, the Hamming
Window is a good choice. The Hamming window function is defined as:

Where N is the filter length (filter order + 1 = 11).


3. Apply the Window to the Ideal Impulse Response
The windowed impulse response h(n) is obtained by multiplying the ideal
response hd(n) by the chosen window function w(n):

This step ensures that the filter has a finite number of coefficients while reducing
the effects of truncation (such as Gibbs phenomenon).

4. Normalize the Filter Coefficients


After applying the window, it's important to normalize the filter coefficients so
that the gain at f=0 (DC) is equal to 1. This can be done by dividing each
coefficient by the sum of all the coefficients:

Steps Summary:
1. Determine ideal impulse response: Use the sinc function based on cut-off
frequency and sampling rate.
2. Select a window function: Choose a window (Hamming window in this case)
to control side lobes.
3. Apply the window to the ideal response: Multiply the window with the
ideal impulse response to get the filter coefficients.
4. Normalize the coefficients: Ensure unity gain at zero frequency by
normalizing the filter coefficients.

Example:
Design a digital FIR low-pass filter with the following specifications:
• Sampling frequency: 10 kHz
• Cut-off frequency: 1.5 kHz
• Filter order: 10
Outline the steps of the filter design using the window method and choose a
suitable window function.

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