FACULTY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (HONS.)

ISLAMIC BANKING

BUSINESS ANALYTICS AND FINANCIAL MODELLING (FIN534)

OCTOBER 2024 - FEBRUARY 2025

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT 1: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

PREPARED FOR:

DR. BALKIS BINTI HARIS

CLASS :

BA2494A

PREPARED BY:

NAME STUDENT ID
NURAIN BINTI MOHAMED YUSOF 2023135991

DATE OF SUBMISSION:

14th NOVEMBER 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………. 2

Question 1 …………………………………………………………………………. 3

Question 2 …………………………………………………………………………..

Question 3……………………………………………………………………………

Question 4……………………………………………………………………………

Question 5……………………………………………………………………………

Conclusions………………………………………………………………………….

References……………………………………………………………………………

1
INTRODUCTION
Descriptive statistics is a field of statistics that involves the analysis and interpretation of data
by describing patterns and trends within the data. Descriptive statistics are often used as an initial step
in data analysis, and they provide crucial information about the distribution of data and the
characteristics of the data. There are many different measures of central tendency and variation, which
are the most common types of descriptive statistics. Measures of central tendency, also known as
measures of location, include the mean, median, and mode. Measures of variation include the range,
interquartile range, standard deviation, and variance.
Overall, descriptive statistics is an important tool for exploring and summarizing the
characteristics of a dataset and is often the first step in a statistical analysis. By summarizing and
describing the data, descriptive statistics provides a valuable overview of the data and helps to
identify any outliers or patterns that may not be visible in the raw data. It is an essential step in data
analysis and is often used to explore the data before further inferential analysis is conducted.
Ali wants to investigate the behaviour of stock prices. To assist him in investigating whether
sales, net profit, fixed assets, total liabilities, total equities and closing stock price influence stock
prices. we collected four data from different companies in different industries using Bursa Malaysia,
Eikon Database, Morning Star and Yahoo Finance. The data are collected from Spritzer Berhad,
Manulife Holding, FGV Holding and Apollo Food Berhad.

2
DATA COLLECTION BASED ON 6 VARIABLES

1) SALES

YEAR QUARTER COMPANY

SPRITZER MANULIFE FGV APOLLO

2019 1 95,099,000 299,075,000 3,276,081,000 51,411,000

2 94,790,000 272,899,000 3,279,337,000 47,568,000

3 97,467,000 212,414,000 3,549,245,000 40,183,000

4 87,021,000 392,120,000 3,154,349,000 42,423,000

2020 1 92,802,000 33,877,000 2,783,088,000 48,934,000

2 54,420,000 377,810,000 3,294,359,000 43,395,000

3 88,600,000 370,568,000 3,989,459,000 45,140,000

4 72,628,000 476,196,000 4,008,806,000 48,145,000

2021 1 76,052,000 309,209,000 3,393,491,000 43,012,000

2 75,032,000 331,495,000 4,681,748,000 54,090,000

3 79,329,000 328,776,000 5,315,802,000 39,009,000

4 100,613,000 338,656,000 6,174,850,000 37,638,000

2022 1 98,817,000 98,754,000 5,853,761,000 54,277,000

2 106,195,000 153,332,000 7,427,055,000 57,342,000

3 119,588,000 96,524,000 6,182,260,000 55,461,000

4 108,700,000 425,250,000 6,098,467,000 70,302,000

2023 1 109,424,000 98,457,000 4,592,595,000 71,078,000

2 123,687,000 59,712,000 4,494,841,000 60,160,000

3 132,558,000 163,908,000 4,907,048,000 58,282,000

4 125,006,000 133,999,000 5,364,702,000 65,987,000

3
2) NET PROFIT

YEAR QUARTER COMPANY

SPRITZER MANULIFE FGV APOLLO

2019 1 7,717,000 7,483,000 -3,374,000 4,541,000

2 7,856,000 12,866,000 -52,196,000 3,667,000

3 9,166,000 -7,877,000 -262,410,000 3,217,000

4 6,510,000 13,662,000 71,806,000 3,145,000

2020 1 8,785,000 9,835,000 -142,349,000 3,987,000

2 2,018,000 -1,103,000 20,549,000 3,895,000

3 10,417,000 6,672,000 136,893,000 4,684,000

4 14,440,000 23,407,000 131,063,000 3,267,000

2021 1 6,060,000 26,296,000 -35,421,000 3,513,000

2 4,084,000 20,891,000 338,817,000 5,876,000

3 5,988,000 20,716,000 399,393,000 172,000

4 5,988,000 19,057,000 465,085,000 888,000

2022 1 6,649,000 110,000 369,236,000 5,083,000

2 7,622,000 -10,335,000 374,024,000 3,829,000

3 11,427,000 -577,000 241,671,000 4,561,000

4 11,267,000 -6,499,000 344,295,000 9,464,000

2023 1 7,158,000 13,554,000 12,092,000 10,819,00

0

2 12,150,000 15,530,000 -12,897,000 6,804,000

3 16,965,000 13,417,000 31,982,000 7,640,000

4 13,213,000 35,377,000 70,441,000 9,951,000

4
3) FIXED ASSETS

YEAR QUARTER COMPANY

SPRITZE MANULIF FGV APOLLO

R E

2019 1 260,928,00 40,659,000 13,469,944,00 115,524,00

0 0 0

2 290,749,00 40,363,000 13,154,594,00 113,588,00

0 0 0

3 295,022,00 40,615,000 12,935,401,00 111,170,00

0 0 0

4 309,057,00 40,009,000 12,867,485,00 110,211,00

0 0 0

2020 1 309,916,00 42,688,000 12,703,261,00 108,073,00

0 0 0

2 308,255,00 42,774,000 12,773,586,00 106,970,00

0 0 0

3 326,020,00 42,329,000 12,607,584,00 104,132,00

0 0 0

4 325,325,00 43,548,000 12,461,180,00 101,947,00

0 0 0

2021 1 322,445,00 42,994,000 12,394,897,00 100,212,00

0 0 0

2 321,606,00 42,487,000 12,208,750,00 106,925,00

0 0 0

3 322,300,00 41,514,000 12,277,248,00 104,520,00

0 0 0

4 323,027,00 40,404,000 12,079,959,00 104,365,00

0 0 0

2022 1 323,406,00 40,003,000 12,144,920,00 102,119,00

0 0 0

2 408,028,00 39,511,000 12,036,879,00 100,600,00

0 0 0

3 412,635,00 40,452,000 11,991,909,00 98,837,000

0 0

5
 4 421,236,00 36,085,000 12,049,194,00 97,134,000
0 0

2023 1 421,116,00 35,852,000 12,017,521,00 95,707,000

0 0

2 424,236,00 36,233,000 12,083,956,00 80,731,000

0 0

3 437,747,00 35,862,000 12,144,688,00 80,154,000

0 0

4 486,055,00 36,973,000 12,332,518,00 78,398,000

0 0

6
4) TOTAL LIABILITIES

YEAR QUARTER COMPANY

SPRITZER MANULIFE FGV APOLLO

2019 1 84,599,000 4,880,382,000 14,790,457,000 22,747,000

2 84,700,000 5,038,590,000 14,011,094,000 21,246,000

3 91,771,000 5,028,899,000 13,965,572,000 19,647,000

4 83,620,000 5,117,771,000 13,528,438,000 22,092,000

2020 1 84,238,000 4,828,028,000 13,451,419,000 19,576,000

2 64,730,000 5,217,607,000 13,883,983,000 20,265,000

3 88,079,000 5,341,382,000 13,241,835,000 20,786,000

4 72,546,000 5,596,519,000 12,917,798,000 23,149,000

2021 1 73,448,000 5,534,127,000 13,109,658,000 22,842,000

2 80,643,000 5,643,902,000 12,837,137,000 23,986,000

3 81,045,000 5,675,512,000 12,830,995,000 21,668,000

4 95,197,000 5,695,497,000 12,535,793,000 19,277,000

2022 1 91,977,000 5,671,699,000 12,953,335,000 18,926,000

2 112,416,000 5,624,245,000 12,305,209,000 17,143,000

3 120,154,000 5,582,080,000 12,261,524,000 18,963,000

4 107,474,000 5,376,022,000 11,878,969,000 21,887,000

2023 1 104,691,000 5,472,024,000 11,672,387,000 19,978,000

2 104,691,000 5,565,594,000 11,403,834,000 17,455,000

3 143,774,000 5,685,846 11,517,405,000 22,478,000

4 160,879,000 5,833,506,000 11,310,838,000 30,969,000

7
5) TOTAL EQUITY

6) CLOSING STOCK PRICE

YEAR QUARTER COMPANY
SPRITZER MANULIFE FGV APOLLO
2019 YEA
1 QUART
396,887,000 COMPANY
837,179,000 4,423,761,000 241,253,000
R
2 ER
397,382,000 848,277,000 4,368,783,000 245,041,000
3 406,611,000 845,039,000 4,119,532,000 248,258,000
SPRITZ MANULI FG APOL
4 415,280,000 837,367,000 4,173,201,000 251,403,000
ER FE V LO
2020 1 425,214,000 836,490,000 4,058,001,000 239,390,000
2019
2 1
427,523,0001.460852,152,000
2.650 4,014,554,000
1.1 3.920 243,285,000
3 429,090,000 878,781,000 80
4,122,352,000 247,969,000
4 444,003,000 907,277,000 4,261,703,000 251,236,000
2 1.507 2.600 1.1 3.950
2021 1 450,732,000 911,385,000 4,144,751,000
20 230,749,000
2 447,054,000 911,096,000 4,477,818,000 236,625,000
3 3
453,853,0001.533 2.680
939,228,000 0.8 3.850
4,879,220,000 236,797,000
4 462,750,000 953,566,000 90
5,420,601,000 237,685,000
2022 1 470,113,000
4 1.500947,650,000
2.480 5,509,523,000
1.5 3.600 222,768,000
2 470,500,000 913,355,000 5,853,044,000
20 226,861,000
3 482,871,000 943,330,000 5,977,472,000 231,422,000
2020
4 1 1.267 1.770
104,691,000 1,179,759,000 0.8 2.980
6,231,657,000 240,886,000
2023 1 500,916,000 1,209,760,000 55
5,834,546,000 231,705,000
2 500,485,000
2 1,219,788,000
1.367 2.290 5,874,442,000
0.9 3.300 238,510,000
3 516,324,000 1,227,380,000 5,939,404,000
95 246,149,000
4 527,031,000 1,270,337,000 5,971,915,000 256,100,000
3 1.260 2.000 1.1 3.880
50

4 1.313 2.010 1.2 3.780

80

2021 1 1.333 2.110 1.3 3.750

50

2 1.393 2.300 1.3 3.870

10

3 1.353 2.350 1.3 4.070

60

4 1.400 2.300 1.4 3.620

80

2022 1 1.393 2.300 1.9 3.740

80

2 1.273 2.310 1.4 3.710

60

8
 3 1.313 1.970 1.4 3.740
10

4 1.480 2.010 1.3 3.860

20

2023 1 1.587 1.910 1.4 4.050

80

2 1.500 1.990 1.4 4.070

50

3 1.580 1.940 1.3 5.320

90

4 1.830 1.910 1.3 5.760

80

9
QUESTION 1

Using the data collected above, compute and interpret the descriptive statistics for all the variables.
Discuss your results.

i. Descriptive Statistics for Sales

SALES

Mean 1,247,075,500.00

Standard Error 228,800,156.22

Median 109,062,000.00

Mode #N/A

Standard
2,046,450,810.27
Deviation

Sample Variance 4,187,960,918,864,460,000.00

Kurtosis 0.85

Skewness 1.52

Range 7,393,178,000.00

Minimum 33,877,000.00

Maximum 7,427,055,000.00

Sum 99,766,040,000.00

Count 80.00

10
ii) Descriptive Statistic for Net Profit

NET PROFIT

Mean 37,320,812.50

Standard Error 12,457,415.39

Median 7,678,500.00

Mode 5,988,000.00

Standard Deviation 111,422,510.58

Sample Variance 12,414,975,863,749,200.00

Kurtosis 6.10

Skewness 2.17

Range 727,495,000.00

Minimum (262,410,000.00)

Maximum 465,085,000.00

Sum 2,985,665,000.00

Count 80.00

11
iii) Descriptive Statistic for Fixed Assets

FIXED ASSETS

Mean 3,232,590,687.50

Standard Error 598,484,272.83

Median 188,226,000.00

Mode #N/A

Standard
5,353,006,070.03
Deviation

Sample Variance 28,654,673,985,760,100,000.00

Kurtosis (0.61)

Skewness 1.18

Range 13,434,092,000.00

Minimum 35,852,000.00

Maximum 13,469,944,000.00

Sum 258,607,255,000.00

Count 80.00

12
iv) Descriptive Statistic for Total Liabilities

TOTAL LIABILITIES

Mean 4,518,656,298.08

Standard Error 593,847,554.09

Median 152,326,500.00

Mode 104,691,000.00

Standard
5,311,533,996.86
Deviation

Sample Variance 28,212,393,399,815,100,000.00

Kurtosis (1.08)

Skewness 0.72

Range 14,784,771,154.00

Minimum 5,685,846.00

Maximum 14,790,457,000.00

Sum 361,492,503,846.00

Count 80.00

13
v) Descriptive Statistic for Total Equity

TOTAL EQUITY

Mean 1,658,235,975.00

Standard Error 223,037,632.95

Median 681,760,500.00

Mode #N/A

Standard
1,994,909,235.29
Deviation

Sample Variance 3,979,662,857,053,290,000.00

Kurtosis (0.10)

Skewness 1.26

Range 6,126,966,000.00

Minimum 104,691,000.00

Maximum 6,231,657,000.00

Sum 132,658,878,000.00

Count 80.00

14
vi) Descriptive Statistic for Closing Stock Price

CLOSING STOCK PRICE

Mean 2.221275

Standard Error 0.124458185

Median 1.87

Mode 1.48

Standard Deviation 1.11318785

Sample Variance 1.239187189

Kurtosis 0.389513844

Skewness 1.10015593

Range 4.905

Minimum 0.855

Maximum 5.76

Sum 177.702

Count 80

15
QUESTION 2

Draw a histogram for all the variables (6 variables) and discuss your results.

i) Histogram for Sales

Histogram
14 13 13
12 11
10 9 9
8 7
6
6 5
Frequency

4
4 3 Frequency
2
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
50 75 10
0
12
5
15
0
35
0
45
0 00 00 00
35 55 75
Sales

16
ii) Histogram for Net Profit

Histogram
25
20
20
Frequency

15 13 12
10
10 7
6 Frequency
5 3 3 4
2
0
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
000 000 000 0 00 0 00 000 000 000 000 000
00 00 -5
0 10 50 10
0
15
0
50
0 00 00
-5 -1 15 50
Net Profit

17
iii) Histogram for Fixed Assets

Histogram
16 14 14
12 10
9
8 7 7
6 6
Frequency

4
4 3 Frequency

0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00
0 00 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 00 0 00 0 00
40 50 00 00 00 00 00 50 00 00
10 20 30 40 50 2 5 5
12 12 13
Fixed Assets

18
iv) Histogram for Total Liabilities

Histogram
12 11
10 10
10 9
8 7 7
6
6 5 5
4 4
Frequency

4
2 Frequency
2
0

0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00
0 00 0 00 0 00 00 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00
20 25 75 00 50 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
10 12 50 55 60 0 0 0 0
12 13 14 15
Total Liabilities

19
v) Histogram for Total Equity

Histogram
12 11 11
10
10 9 9 9
8
6 6
6 5
Frequency

4
4 Frequency
2
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
24
0
26
0
45
0
50
0
80
0
85
0
95
0 00 00 00
40 50 65
Total Equity

20
vi) Histogram for Closing Stock Price

Histogram
18
16
16
14
12
Frequency

10 9
8 Frequency
8 7
6 6 6 6
6 5 5
4
4
2
2
0
1.2 1.3 1.35 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.3 2.8 3.3 3.8 4 6
Closing Stock Price

21
 QUESTION 3

Construct and examine the correlation matrix for all the variables. Discuss your results.

CORRELATION
TOTAL CLOSIN
NET FIXED TOTAL
SALES LIABILITIE G STOCK
PROFIT ASSETS EQUITY
S PRICE
SALES 1
NET PROFIT 0.65165626 1
FIXED ASSETS 0.93874209 0.435929269 1
TOTAL 0.858880896 0.395027065 0.904629113 1
LIABILITIES
TOTAL EQUITY 0.975209576 0.52554479 0.960046234 0.914223182 1
CLOSING STOCK -0.43811792 -0.167619711 -0.484249432 -0.506273813 -0.497343909 1
PRICE

22
QUESTION 4

From your result in Question 4, is multicollinearity a potential problem?

23
 QUESTION 5

Construct and examine the covariance matrix for all the variables. Discuss your results.
COVARIANCE
CLOSING
SALES NET PROFIT FIXED ASSETS TOTAL LIABILITIES TOTAL EQUITY
STOCK PRICE
SALES 4,135,611,407,378,650,000.00
NET PROFIT 146,733,719,283,519,000.00 12,259,788,665,452,300.00
FIXED ASSETS 10,155,058,764,550,700,000.0 256,757,896,321,079,000.0 28,296,490,560,938,100,000.0
0 0 0
TOTAL 9,219,159,375,894,670,000.00 230,864,343,039,184,000.0 25,399,511,611,296,800,000.0 27,859,738,482,317,400,000.0
LIABILITIES 0 0 0
TOTAL 3,931,511,156,693,270,000.00 115,356,725,517,070,000.0 10,123,953,207,250,100,000.0 9,566,045,451,516,080,000.00 3,929,917,071,340,130,000.0
EQUITY 0 0 0
CLOSING (985,593,632.38) (20,530,692.07) (2,849,524,645.78) (2,956,044,663.58) (1,090,650,256.23) 1.22
STOCK PRICE
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES