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1 - introduction - Jupyter Notebook

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18 views5 pages

1 - introduction - Jupyter Notebook

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khan2547abdul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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8/20/24, 12:26 AM 1 - introduction - Jupyter Notebook

What is statistics ?
​
Defination : statistics is the science of collecting ,organizing and analyzing the data

Statistics is a mathematical science including methods of collecting, organizing and analyzing data in such
a way that meaningful conclusions can be drawn from them.
​
In general, its investigations and analyses fall into two broad categories called descriptive and
inferential statistics.

Data : Facts or pieces of information

Ex : height of student in a class


​
140cm , 145cm , 146cm , 180cm , 172cm
​
Ex : Gender of person visiting a doctor
​
M , F , M , F , M

why statistics is important ?


​
statistics is the science of how data is collected , analyzed and interpreted
​
e.g : Corona Cases

application areas of statistics


wheather forecast
Disease prediction
medical studies

Types of statistics
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8/20/24, 12:26 AM 1 - introduction - Jupyter Notebook

1 - Descriptive statistics

2 - Inferential statistics

1 - Descriptive statistics
it consists of organizing Summarizing ,Analyzind and visualizing of data

1 - Measure of central tendency -- mean ,median mode


2 - Measure of dispersion -- range , standard deviation , Varience
3 - corrlation , covarience
4 - histogram , pdf,pmf , cdf ,univariate , bivariate analysis
5 - Box plot , whisker plot

Inferential statistics
It consists of using data you have measure to form conclusion

1 - Hypothesis testing -- 1) null hypothesis 2 )Alternate hypothesis


2 - Z-test , t- test
3 - chi square test -- p - value
4 - Anova test is also knwon as F-test

population and sample


population (N) :

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8/20/24, 12:26 AM 1 - introduction - Jupyter Notebook

A population includes all members or elements that fit a certain criteria or are of interest in a particular study.

It represents the entire group about which you want to draw conclusions.

Sample (n) :

A sample is a subset of the population selected for the actual study or analysis.

It is used to estimate population parameters.

Example
You want to know the average height of all the students in the school.
​
Population:
​
The population in this case is all 500 students in the school.
If you measured the height of every single student, you would have data for the entire population.

Sample:
​
Instead of measuring the height of all 500 students, you decide to measure the height of 50 students
randomly selected from different classes.
​
These 50 students make up your sample.
​
You then calculate the average height of these 50 students to estimate the average height of all 500
students in the school.

In this example:
​
The population is all 500 students.

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8/20/24, 12:26 AM 1 - introduction - Jupyter Notebook
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The sample is the 50 students you measured.
​
You use the sample to draw conclusions about the entire population without having to measure everyone.

Types of data
Qualitative

Qualitative data is descriptive information (it describes something,non-numeric)

Ordinal(grade,rank)

nominal(gender,name of person)

Quantitative

Quantitative data is numerical information (numbers,numeric)

Discrete data can only take certain values (like whole numbers)

Continuous data can take any value (within a range)

Quantitative data (Numerical data)


​
1 - Discrete -- countable
2 - continous -- measurable

Qualitative data (Categorical data )


​
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1 - Ordinal -- order
2 - Nominal --no order

In [ ]: ​

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