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ANTHROPOLOGY
and their consequent desire to better
understand the peoples living under
ANTHROPOLOGY
colonial domination. Anthropology
- derived from the Greek words: emerged as a serious professional and
anthropos, meaning human beings or scientific discipline beginning in the
humankind and logos, meaning 1920s.
science or study. - In the 1920s and 1930s anthropology
- is the study of humanity assumed its present form as a four-field
- is a broad scientific discipline dedicated academic profession in the United States
to the comparative study of humans as a under the influence of German- born
group, from its first appearance on earth
American anthropologist Franz Boas.
to its present stage of development.
Boas wanted anthropology to be a well-
ANTHROPOLOGY focuses on: respected science.
- the origin of humans
- the evolutionary development of human Sub Field of Anthropology
- human physical, biochemical, and - Sociocultural Anthropology
- cultural variations - Linguistic Anthropology
- the material possession and cultural
- Archaeology Anthropology
- heritages of human
- Biological/Physical Anthropology
Historical Background of Anthropology - Applied Anthropology
- Since anthropology is concerned with Sub-branches of Socio-Cultural
human beings, its root goes back to the Anthropology
a. Economic Anthropology
Ancient and Medieval Greek, Roman and
- Production, consumption distribution and
Hebrew philosophers and social thinkers
exchange are the basic structure of
because these people were interested in
economic transactions and its process.
the nature, origin and destiny of man.
b. Political Anthropology
- Herodotus (c. 400 BC), a Greek historian,
- It concentrates on ubiquity of the process
is often regarded as the foremost thinker
and function of legitimate authority, law
to work broadly on the concepts which
justice and sanctions in a simple society.
now have become the foundation of
c. Psychological Anthropology
anthropology.
- It is the study of psychological behavioral
- But the discipline did not emerge as a
and personal approaches of man.
field of study until the mid-nineteenth
d. Ethnos Archaeology
century
- The terms ethnic refers to a group
- Anthropology as an academic discipline
distinguished by common cultural
was born during the 19th century, out of
characteristics
the intellectual atmosphere of
e. Ecological Anthropology
Enlightenment—which is the eighteenth
- It deals with the relationship between
century social and philosophical
human being and their environments.
movement that emphasized human
f. Anthropology of Religion
progress and the question of reason and
- There are many theories regarding the
based on the Darwinian Theory of
origin of religion among people. Some of
Evolution.
the major theories are animism,
- By the late 1870's, anthropology was
manaism, animatism, primitive
beginning to emerge as a profession.
monotheism.
- A major motivation for its growth was the
expansion of western colonial powers
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Linguistic Anthropology d. Paleoanthropology
- study of human language and its - it is the branch of physical anthropology
relationship to culture and society, which deals with the documentation of
linguistic anthropology investigate biological history of mankind.
language diversity, language change, e. Human Genetics
and the role of language in shaping - Genetics deals with the inherited
human society. characteristics. There is a genetic
Sub-branches of Linguistic Anthropology relation between parent and their
A. Descriptive or Structure Linguistic offsprings.
- It deals with the description of languages. f. Nutritional Anthropology
B. Historical Linguistic - It deals with the matter related with the
- It deals with the origin and development nutritional perspective of human being
of languages. and their subsequent growth and
C. Socio Cultural Linguistic or Ethnos development.
Linguistic g. Medical Anthropology
- It studies how languages are used in - It studies disease patterns and their
actual speech and cognition. impact on human societies.
h. Physiological Anthropology
Archaeological Anthropology - This branch deals with the internal organ
- a branch of knowledge attempts to trace
of the human body to understand their
the origin, growth and development of
bio-chemical constitutions.
culture in the past.
i. Forensic Anthropology
- focuses on the study of the human history
- It deals with the skeletal structure of
through the excavation and analysis of
hominids and non-hominids to
artifact fossils and other remains.
understand the similarities and
- Archaeological anthropologists seek to
differences of the body parts.
understand human evolution, past
j. Dental Anthropology
culture, and the development of human
- This branch of knowledge deals with
societies.
teeth and its pattern.
k. Anthropometry
Biological or Physical Anthropology
- the study of human biology, evolution and - It is the anthropological science of
behavior. Biological anthropologists measurement.
investigate topics such as human l. Ergonomy
genetics, primatology and the - The branch of physical Anthropology is
relationship between culture and biology. concerned with the correlation between
Sub-Branches of Biological or Physical the static body dimension and the
a. Primatology designing of machine to be driven by
- is the scientific study of primate groups of man.
mammals. Man, the central figure of m. Demography
Anthropological study belongs to the - Science of population. It deals with
order primate of animal kingdom. fertility and mortality.
b. Ethnology n. Ethology
- It is the study of human diversities. - It is the science of animal behavior.
c. Human Biology
- it deals with the concrete biological
principles and concept of man.
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ANTHROPOLOGY
Applied Anthropology the production, use, and management of
- knowledge and methods to solve real resources.
world problems in areas such as Anthropology and Economics, as social
healthcare, education, and sciences, have very close relation. The
environmental conservation. relationship between the two sciences is so close
that one is often treated as the branch.
RELATION ANTHROPOLOGY TO OTHER
SOCIAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINE Anthropology and Psychological
Anthropology and Sociology Psychological
Anthropology - studies how the human mind works in
- The study of people, past and present consonance with the body to produce
with a focus on understanding the human thoughts that lead to individual actions.
condition both culturally and biology. Anthropology and Psychology are contributory
Sociology sciences. Psychology is defined as the study of
- The scientific study of human society that human behavior. Anthropology studies man in all
focuses on society human social places and times.
sciences.
The relation between anthropology and
Anthropology and Political Science
sociology is widely recognized today. In fact, Political Science
anthropologist, Kroeber, pointed out that the two - the study of politics and power from
sciences are twin sisters. Robert Red field writes domestic, international, and comparative
that “viewing the whole united states, one sees perspectives.
that the relation between anthropology and Anthropology and political science are two
sociology is closer than those between the closely related fields that share a common
anthropology and other social sciences. interest in understanding human societies and
their governance.
Anthropology and History
History
Uses of Anthropology, Anthropological
- is the study of past events, particularly Method
those involving human beings. It's a Beginning of Modern Anthropology
broad field that encompasses everything Evolution Theory
from the ancient civilizations to recent - The theory of evolution by natural
world events. selection in Darwin's book "On the Origin
Anthropology and History are very much of Species by the Means of Natural
interrelated. Anthropology is becoming one of the Selection is the process by which
most genuine fruits of history to which it is organism change over time as a result of
intimately connected. changes in heritable physical or
behavioural traits.
Anthropology and Economic Anthropological Theories
Economic Anthropological theories are framework used by
- Is an area of the production, distribution anthropology to explain human behavior and
and trade, as well as consumption of culture.
goods and services. In general, it is Edward Burnett Tylor
defined as a social domain that - English anthropologist the founder of
emphasize the practices, discourses, cultural anthropology, Tylor is
and material expressions associated with representative of cultural evolutionism.
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ANTHROPOLOGY
New Direction in Theory and Research - Behavior - Ritual
Franz Boas - Food - Art, Music, and Drama
- Studied and widely collected information Characteristics of Culture
on race, linguistics, art, dance and 1. Culture is EVERYTHING
archeology. - It is what a person has does and thinks
Margaret Mead as part of society.
- Propose that culture and gender roles Material Culture – Includes all tangible and
play just a strong role as biology in visible parts of culture.
influencing adolescent behavior. Non-Material Culture – includes all intangible
Emile Durkheim parts of culture.
- One of the Father of Sociology utilized
scientific methods to approach the study 2. Culture is LEARNED
of society and social groups. - Culture is a set of beliefs, attitudes, and
practices that an individual learns.
Claude Levi-Strauss
ENCULTURATION- process of learning your own
- French anthropologist, his cultural
culture.
theories are associated with the
ACCULTURATION- process of accommodating
anthropological movement knows as
desire traits from other culture.
structuralism.
DECULTURATION- culture has been lost and
In the 1960s, American anthropologist such
even cultural trait itself is in the process of being
as Julian Steward, Roy Rappaport, Marvin
forgotten.
Harris began to study how culture and social
institution relate to people's technology
3. Culture is SHARED
ecology and natural environment.
- This implies that behavior cannot be
In the 1970s many anthropologists including
considered as a culture if there is only
American ethnologist Clifford Geertz and
one person practicing it, culture is shared
British ethnologist Victor Turner, moved away
integrational.
from ecological and economic explanation of
4. Culture varies from SOCIETY to SOCIETY
people's culture.
- Every society has a culture of its own that
Anthropology has three main goals:
differs from other societies. culture is not
first, providing a deep understanding of humans,
uniform; the culture of every society is
both past and present.
unique.
second, analyzing and organizing the knowledge
5. Culture is ADAPTIVE
gained and making it accessible; and
- culture is a tool for survival that humans
third, engaging in the practical application of
use in response to the pressure of their
anthropology to various areas of contemporary
environment.
human behavior.
6. Culture is MALADAPTIVE
- culture can also cause problems for the
CULTURE people who subscribe to it. These
problems arise when the environment
EDWARD B. TYLOR changes, and culture has remained the
CULTURE - Is a complex whole which includes same.
knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, customs, and
7. Culture is CONTINUOUS and CUMULATIVE
other capabilities and habits acquired by man as
a member of society. - the final characteristics of culture are never
Aspect of Culture static. This dynamism of culture is due to
- Attitude - Beliefs changing needs of humans as they interpret and
- Customs - Faith survive in their environment.
- Language - Religion
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ANTHROPOLOGY

MENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL ASPECT OF CULTURAL INFLUENCE ON MENTAL AND

CULTURE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH
Culture is a central concept in Socio-Cultural Cultural contexts provide mental health
Anthropology, referring to the shared beliefs, benefits as well as challenges. People's
values, practices, and behaviors that characterize emotional responses, coping strategies, and
a particular group or society. It encompasses social interactions are shaped by traditions and
various aspects, including language, religion, norms. Cultural practices in the Philippines have
customs, arts, and technology. a strong influence on mental health because
they frequently incorporate spiritual beliefs and
The word "Mental" in Socio-Cultural community values.
Anthropology refers to a comprehensive Culture shapes our perception,
understanding of the human mind and how it experience, and reaction to our internal and\
relates to experience, culture, and society. It external environments, which has a significant
explores how cultural beliefs, values, and impact on mental and behavioral health.
practices impact our understanding and
perception of mental processes, emotions, and EXAMPLES OF TRADITIONS AND CULTURE
experiences, going beyond the merely biological IN THE PHILIPPINES
and psychological aspects of the mind. Bayanihan Spirit
- The tradition of cooperation and unity
"Behavioral" refers in Socio-Cultural within the community is referred to as the
Anthropology to the observable behaviors, "bayanihan" spirit. Although it
patterns, and customs of people and groups originated as a way for neighbors to
inside a particular cultural setting. From simple assist one another with house moves, it
daily routines and rituals to intricate social has come to symbolize support for
interactions and cultural expressions, it covers a anyone in need.
wide range of human activities. Family-Centric Culture
- Respect for elders and family unity are
THE SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF CULTURE ON highly valued in the culture of the
BEHAVIORAL AND MENTAL ASPECTS Philippines. Living together or keeping
Culture has a big impact on interactions, close ties is common among extended
behaviors, and beliefs that shape mental and families.
behavioral health. Cultural norms and traditions Traditional Healing Process
set behavioral guidelines for handling stress and - Many Filipinos utilize traditional healing
regulating interpersonal interactions. They also methods like "hilot" (massage) and
offer frameworks for understanding psychological "albularyo" (folk healers) in addition to
well-being. contemporary medicine.
Culture is a strong force that molds our Religious Practices
mental and behavioral characteristics, affecting - Most Filipinos are Roman Catholics, and
our feelings, thoughts, and actions. We can many of them regularly attend mass and
promote greater understanding, empathy, and engage in religious rituals. Faith and
respect for the variety of ways that people spirituality are essential aspects of
experience the world by acknowledging the Filipino culture.
significant influence of culture. Festival and Celebration
- Filipino holidays like Sinulog and Pahiyas
are colorful local gatherings that honor
shared culture and heritage.
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ANTHROPOLOGY
stretch over eons; time may be seen as
Universal Patterns of Culture linear, cyclical, both, or something else.
The anthropologist Ruth Benedict, in Meals
Patterns of Culture, became famous for - What, when, where, and how people eat
championing cultural relativism almost a century is of fundamental importance.
ago. Seeing the incredible varieties of patterns Work
across the world, she made famous the notion - What constitutes "work"? Some cultures
that Western cultural values weren't the only do not even have the concept. Others
worthwhile values and that Non-Western cultural carefully define what type of people can
mores needed to be understood on their own do what jobs.
terms and respected. Play
- Children, and adults as well, engage in
Today, the "culture wars" rage on, play. This ranges from board games in
pitting (broadly speaking) cultural relativists the home, to telling jokes, to the Summer
against cultural absolutists. In other words, at the Olympics. Recreation, sports, fitness,
extremes, some relativists, it is said, believe that gaming: whatever you want to call it,
"anything goes," while conservative absolutists every culture has and does it.
claim there are certain fixed cultural patterns that Gender roles
are the norm. They typically argue that these - Most cultures align biological sex to
norms are biological imperatives or else gender identification and have male and
mandated by a deity (or sometimes both). The female genders. Some cultures include
nuclear family comprised of a biological woman these and many others as well.
and a biological man, with children, is a common
example. UNIVERSAL FEATURES OF LANGUAGE
Language universals are patterns,
CULTURAL PATTERNS principles, or rules that are common among all
- Cultural patterns are common languages. According to chomsky (1988),
structures of culture found, with essential features of language, such as structure-
variations, across similar cultures. dependency and recursion, are universal, and
- A universal cultural pattern is the family. this makes them part of our genetic makeup.
- The human life cycle involves many Language universals result from shared
cultural patterns, from pregnancy, birth, cognitive abilities among humans that allow usto
and infancy to childhood, adulthood, old acquire language. This means that no matter the
age, death, and ancestor worship. language we learn, humans possess the innate
- Cultural relativism asserts that no ability to understand and acquire the language’s
universal cultural patterns are rules and structures. For instance, all languages
unchangeable, whereas cultural have grammatical categories, such as nouns,
absolutism asserts the opposite. verbs, adjectives, and prepositions, even if the
- The incest taboo is an example of a categories’ make-up differs.
universal cultural pattern that exists as a Universals can be found at all levels of
biological imperative. language analysis, including phonology,
morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
Types of Cultural Patterns
Time Phonology
- Each culture defines and subdivides time - is an aspect of language that is universal:
differently, from the things one should do that is, all languages have distinct sound
during the day, to the calendars that may systems. Every language has specific
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ANTHROPOLOGY
sounds that structure the language, and of a complex expression depends on its
languages may vary in number and parts. Part of this process involves the
pronunciation of sounds. distinction between sense and reference.
- refers to the sound system of a language. Semantics looks at literal and implied meanings,
In general, the basic unit of phonology is the connotations words may carry, and how these
the phoneme and is the smallest meanings can change across different contexts.
meaningful unit of sound. It also studies the relationships between words
A phoneme is a sound, whereas a letter is a and phrases, like synonymy (words with the same
written symbol. For example, the word “ship” has or similar meanings), antonymy (words with
four letters (s, h, i, p) but three phonemes (/sh/, opposite meanings), and polysemy (words or
/i/, /p/). phrases with multiple, related meanings).

Morphology Pragmatics
- is the study of words and their parts. - is the study of meaning of words, phrases
Morphemes, like prefixes, suffixes and and full sentences, but unlike semantics
base words, are defined as the smallest which deals with the objective meanings
meaningful units of meaning. of words that can be found in dictionaries,
A morpheme is a minimal unit of meaning in a pragmatics is more concerned with the
language; a morpheme cannot be broken down meanings that words in fact convey when
into any smaller units that still relate to the original they are used, or with intended speaker
meaning. It may be a word that can stand alone, meaning as it Sometimes referred to.
called an unbound morpheme (dog, happy, go, Language universals are patterns that exist in all
educate). Or it could be any part of a word that known languages and have been significant in
carries meaning that cannot stand alone but must shaping linguistic theory and research. They
be attached to another morpheme, bound provide a basis for understanding the underlying
morphemes. They may be placed at the principles of language structure and can be used
beginning of the root word, such as un- (“not,” as to improve language learning methods. Linguistic
in unhappy), or re- (“again,” as in rearrange). Or, research is ongoing, and as we continue to study
they may follow the root, as in -ly (makes an language, the concept of language universals will
adjective into an adverb: quickly from quick). continue to evolve and become more nuanced.

Syntax
- is the arrangement of words in
sentences, clauses, and phrases, and
the study of the formation of sentences
and the relationship of their component
parts.
Syntax can be defined as a set of rules,
principles, and processes that preside over the
structuring of sentences in any given language.
Syntax defines the rules that need to be followed
when forming a sentence.

Semantics
- is the study of linguistic meaning. It
examines what meaning is, how words
get their meaning, and how the meaning
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ANTHROPOLOGY
QUIZZES 1. _______Production, consumption distribution
1. He became the Father of American and exchange ate the basic structure of economic
anthropology who wanted anthropology to be a transactions and its process
well-respected science. - ECONOMIC ANTROPOLOGY
- FRANZ BOAS
2. It concentrates on the ubiquity of the process
2. In his book____ Herodotus laid down the and function of legitimate authority, law justice
division between white people of European and sanctions in a simple society
descent and other people. - POLITICAL ANTROPOLOGY
- HISTORIES
3. it is the study of psychological behavioral and
3. Is a broad scientific discipline dedicated to the personal approaches of man.
comparative study of humans as a group, from its - PHYSCHOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
first appearance on earth to its present stage of
development 4.The terms ethnic refers to a group distinguished
- ANTHROPOLOGY by common cultural characteristics.
- ETHNO ARCHEOLOGY
4. A social and philosophical movement that took
place in Europe primarily during the 17th and 18th 5. It deal with the relationship between human
century being and their environments.
- ENLIGNTENMENT - ECOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
6. There are many theories regarding the origin of
5. A Greek historian, that often regarded as the religion among people. Some of the major
foremost thinker to work broadly on the concepts theories are animism, monism, animatism,
which now have become the foundation of primitive monotheism.
anthropology. - ANTHROPOLOGY RELIGION
- HERODOTUS
7.Study of human language and its relationship to
6. Anthropology is derived from the Greek words culture and society linguistic anthropology
Anthropos meaning __ and logos meaning _. investigates language diversity, language
- HUMAN, STUDY change, and the role of language in shaping
human society.
7.What century does Anthropology become as an - LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY
academic discipline
- 19th CENTURY 8.It deals with the description of languages.
- DESCRIPTIVE OR STRUCTURE LINGUISTIC
8. Is a person engaged in the practice of
anthropology? 9. It deals with the origin and development of
- ANTHROPOLOGIST languages
- HISTORICAL LINGUISTIC
9. A major motivation for Anthropology growth
was the expansion of___. 10. It studies how languages are used in actual
- WESTERN COLONIAL POWERS speech and cognition
- SOCIO CULTURAL LINGUISTIC OR ETHNO
LINGUITICS
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ANTHROPOLOGY
20.This branch deals with the internal organ of the
11. A branch of knowledge attempts to trace the human body in order to understand their bio-
origin, growth and development of culture in the chemical constitutions
past. - PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
- ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
21.It deals with the skeletal structure of hominids
12.The study of human biology, evolution and and non-hominids to understand the similarities
behavior. Biological anthropologists investigate and differences of the body parts.
topics such as human genetics, primatology and - FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY
the relationship between culture and biology.
- BIOLOGICAL OR PYHSICAL 22. This branch of knowledge deals with teeth
ANTHROPOLOGY and their pattern.
Sub-Branches of Biological or Physical - DENTAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthropology
23. It is the anthropological science of
13. Is the scientific study of primate groups of measurement.
mammals. Man, the central figure of - ANTHROPOMETRY
Anthropological study, belongs to the order
primate of animal kingdom. 24. The branch of physical Anthropology is
- PRIMATOLOGY concerned with the correlation between the static
body dimension and the designing of machine to
14. It is the study of human diversities be driven by man.
- ETHNOLOGY - ERGONOMY

15. It deals with the concrete biological principles 25. It is the science of population. It deals with
and concept of man. fertility and mortality.
- HUMAN BIOLOGY - DEMOGRAPHY

16.It is the branch of physical anthropology which 26. Applies anthropological knowledge and
deals with the documentation of biological history methods to solve real world problems in areas
of mankind such as healthcare, education, and
- PALEONTHROPOLOGY environmental conservation.
- APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY
17. Genetics deals with the inherited
characteristics. There is a genetic relation
between parents and their offspring’s. 1. What branch focuses on human condition?
- HUMAN GENETICS - ANTHROPOLOGY

18. It deals with matter related to the nutritional 2. What is the focus of anthropology compared to
perspective of human beings and their other social science disciplines?
subsequent growth and development. - By studying human societies
- NUTRITIONAL ANTHROPOLOGY
3.What social science that inter-correlated to
19. It studies disease patterns and their impact on anthropology?
human societies. - HISTORY
- MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
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ANTHROPOLOGY
4. What is the production, distribution, and 9. __ includes all tangible and visible parts of
consumption of goods and services? culture.
- ECONOMICS - MATERIAL CULTURE

5. How does sociology correlate with 10. ___ Is a culture that has been lost and even
Anthropology? cultural trait itself is in the process of being
- Both sociology and anthropology focus on forgotten.
human behavior and social interaction. - DECULTURATION

6. Anthropology is the study of artifacts, bio 1. Understanding of the human mind and how it
facts, cultural landscapes. relates to experience, culture and society
- FALSE - MENTAL

7. Political science is the study of power and 2. From simple daily routines and rituals to
comparative perspective. intricate social interactions and cultural
- TRUE expressions it covers a wide range of human
activities
8. Psychology is the study of how the human - BEHAVIORAL
mind works.
- TRUE 3. Referring to the shared beliefs, values,
practices and behaviors that characterize a
9. Sociology is the scientific study of the mind particular group of society
and behavior. - CULTURE
- FALSE
4.Tradition of cooperation and unity within the
1. According to _____ culture is a complex whole community is referred to as the ______?
which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, - BAYANIHAN SPIRIT
customs, and other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a member of society. 5. Living together or keeping close ties is common
- EDWARD B. TYLOR among extended families?
- FAMILY CENTRIC CULTURE
2-5. Give at least 4 characteristics of culture.
- Culture is shared 6. Many Filipinos utilize traditional healing
- Culture is learned methods like massage and folk healers. In
- Culture is Adaptive addition to contemporary medicine.
- Culture is maladaptive - TRADITIONAL HEALING PRACTICES

6. It is a process of learning your own culture. 7. Filipino holidays like sinulog and pahiyas are
- ENCULTURATION colorful local gathering that honor shared culture
and heritage.
7. It is a process of accommodating desirable - FESTIVAL AND CELEBRATION
traits from other cultures.
- ACCULTURATION 8. Faith and spirituality are essential aspects of
- Filipino culture.
8._____ includes all intangible parts of culture. - RELIGIOUS PRACTICES
- NON-MATERIAL CULTURE
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ANTHROPOLOGY
9. ____________and traditions set behavioral 9. give the five universal features of language.
guidelines for handling stress and regulating - MORPHOLOGY
interpersonal interactions. - SYNTAX
- CULTURE NORMS - PHOMOLOGY
- SEMANTICS
10.Culture is a strong force that molds our - PRAGMATICS
___________ affecting our feelings, thoughts and
actions. 1. The anthropologist ______in Pattern of culture
- MENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL became famous for
CHARACTERISTICS championing cultural relativism almost century
ago
1. It refers to the sound system of a language. - RUTH BENEDICT
- PHONOLOGY
2. ________ are common structure of culture
2. It is the study of words and their parts. found with variations across Similar cultures.
- MORPHOLOGY - CULTURAL PATTERN

3. A ____ cannot be broken down into any smaller 3. It is an example of a universal cultural pattern
units that still relate to the original meaning. that exists as biological Imperative
- MORPHEME - INCEST TABOO

4. Morphemes, like ___, ___ and ___, are defined 4. what, when, where and how people eat
as smallest meaningful unit of meaning. is of fundamental importance.
- PREFIXES - MEALS
- SUFFIXES
- BASE WORDS 5. _________most cultures align biological sex to
gender identification and have males and female
5.It can be defined as a set of rules, principles, genders.
and processes that preside over the structuring of - GENDER ROLES
sentences in any given language
- SYNTAX 6. _____each culture defines and sub-individuals
time differently.
6.It is a study of linguistic meaning. - TIME
- SEMANTICS
7. A universal cultural pattern is the____.
7. It is the study of meaning of words, phrases, - FAMILY
and full sentences.
- PRAGMATICS 8. ______ Asserts that no Universal cultural
patterns are unchangeable whereas cultural
8. According to ___, essential features of Absolution asserts the opposite.
language, such as structure-dependency and - CULTURAL RELATIVISM
recursion, are universal, and this makes them
part of our genetic makeup.
- CHOMSKY