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Reviewer in Ge 7 For Midterm Examination 2

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Reviewer in Ge 7 For Midterm Examination 2

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BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING - A

REVIEWER IN GE 7 (SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY)

IDENTIFICATION (possible na lumabas)

Science

 Is a systematized body of knowledge derived from observation,


study, and experimentation.

Technology

 Is an application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.

Society

 Is a group of people that interacts and share a common culture.

Interdisciplinary Endeavor

 Is a process of answering the question.

Technoscience

 Is a study of how human interacts with technology – science.

Philosophy

 All about facts or truth.

Philosophy of Science

 Is a branch of Philosophy concerned with the function, method,


and implementing science.

Philosophy of Technology
 Is a sub – field of philosophy that studies the nature of technology,
and its social effects.

Relation of Science and Society

 Science aids in making decisions in our personal lives, through


research and information helping the society to solve practical
problems.

Nexus of Technology and Society

 The 10 Advantages of STS.

Climate Change

 Refers to long term shifts in temperature and weather


patterns/phenomena

Global Warming

 Is a long term warming of the planet’s overall temperature.

Electricity

 One of the causes of climate change.

Bioethics

 Is the study of ethical, social, and legal issues that arise in


biomedicine.

Semantic

 Study of meaning in language.

Logical
 Correct thinking and correct reasoning.

Epistemological

 Knowledge.

Methodological

 Relating to the system of method use in a particular of study.

Ontological

 Nature of Human being.

Axiological

 Study of value (Ethics).

Empirical Research

 Is a research using empirical evidence, it is also way of gaining


knowledge by means of observation.

Importance of Empirical Research

 Is to increase Human knowledge about technology and the


different inventions.

Scientific – Technological Inquiry

 Used to investigate a topic like for example invention and


discovery of technology.
Invention

 Is creating something totally new with one’s own ideas and


development.

Discovery

 Recognizing something that already exist for the first time that
nobody has found before.

Both Science and Technology

 They go hand in hand.

Blend or Hybrid

 There is new invention.

Know how in Technology

 Know how to use technology in a proper way.

Know that given by science

 Know that you should know how to think correctly and how to
reason out correctly.

Practical Ethics

 A philosophical study which has enlarged its realm to create new


specialties such as bioethics or environmental ethics.
Policy Analysis

 Is also connected with philosophy of science and philosophy of


technology insofar as they need several epistemological and
methodological distinctions.

Legal Studies

 Are usually interwoven with concerns about practical ethics and


issues raised by policy analysis.

Sociology of Science

 Study of social change, social causes, and consequence of human


behavior.

Sociology of Technology

 Application of science to address the problems of daily life.

Sociology

 Study of Human behavior within society.

Economic of technology or Economic of Technological Change

 Economic in science aims to understand the impact of science on


the advancement of technology.

TCP

 Transmission Control Protocol.

IP

 Internet Protocol
Logos

 Study

Human Cloning

 Is a process of creating the exact replica of someone.

Parallelist

 Science and Technology are parallel to each other.

ENUMERATION

10 Advantages of using Technology

1. Access to information
2. Saves Time
3. Increase Innovation
4. Collaborative Learning
5. Quick Communication
6. Life Saves
7. Improved means of Transportation
8. Making Online Payment
9. Entertainment
10. Increase Productivity

10 Disadvantages of using Technology

1. Addiction
2. Create Dependency
3. Damaged to the Environment
4. Social Isolation
5. Loss of Privacy (lack of security)
6. Crime and Terrorism
7. Obesity
8. Reduction of labor
9. Hearing damage or eye strain
10. Less Human Interaction

5 Steps of Philosophical Approach to STS

1. To characterize the interdisciplinary endeavor on science and


technology focus on the social setting.
2. To clarify the notions of Technoscience, Science and Technology
because they – in one way or another – underlie all the
discussions.
3. To make explicit the variations in the philosophical approach,
which has moved from the internal constituents to the external
factors both in philosophy of science and in philosophy of
technology.
4. To specify the relation between science and society from a
philosophical perspective, which includes the social dimension of
science as well as the relevance of practice.
5. To elucidate the nexus between technology and society from a
philosophical approach.

Two (2) Cores of STS

1. Philosophy of Science
2. Philosophy of Technology

4 Areas of STS

1. Bioethics
2. Environmental Concerns
3. Social Problems
4. Policy Discussions

Greenhouse Gases

1. Carbon Dioxide
2. Methane
3. Nitrous Oxide
4. Water Vapor

Fossil Fuels

1. Oil
2. Natural gas
3. Gasoline
4. Coal

5 Several Discipline in STS

1. Practical Ethics
2. Policy Analysis
3. Law
4. Sociology
5. Economics

Examples of Bioethics

1. Euthanasia
2. Using of Marijuana
3. Abortion

Examples of Environmental Concerns

1. Climate Change
2. Global Warming
3. Greenhouse Gases

History of Technology: Timeline

 3.3 million years ago: The first tools

Sharp flakes of stone used as knives and hammers.

 1 million years ago: Fire

invented by an ancestor of Homo sapiens evidence of burnt material can


be found in caves used by Homo erectus.

 20,000 to 15,000 years ago: Neolithic Revolution

Clay was used for pottery and bricks. Clothing began to be made of
woven fabrics. The wheel was also likely invented at this time.

 4000 BCE: Sailing

The first sailing ships were used on the Nile River.

 850 CE: Gunpowder

Alchemists in China invented gunpowder. Gunpowder spread to Europe


in the 13th century.

 950: Windmill

Windmill were invented in Persia and in Europe.

 1250–1300: Mechanical clock


the first mechanical clocks appear in Europe toward the end of the 13th
century and were used in cathedrals.

 1455: Printing

Johannes Gutenberg completed the printing of the Bible.

 1804: Railways

English engineer Richard Trevithick improved James Watt’s steam


engine and used it for transport. He built the first railway locomotive at
an ironworks in Wales.

 1826/27: Photography

Nicéphore Niépce became interested in using a light-sensitive solution to


make copies of lithographs (Lithograph is a method of printing originally
based on oil and water.

1831: Reaper

Is a machine that harvest a crop.

 1876: Telephone

Invented by Alexander Graham Bell.

 1879: Electric Light

Invented by Thomas Edison.

 1885: Automobile

Karl Benz used a one-cylinder engine to power the first


modern automobile.
 1901: Radio

Guglielmo Marconi invented the first radio.

 1903: Airplane

Invented by Wright brothers. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright.

 1927: Television

Philo T. Farnsworth made the first electronic television.

 1937: Computer

John Atanasoff designed the first electronic digital computer.

 1942: Nuclear power

Enrico Fermi used uranium to produce the first self-sustaining chain


reaction.

 1957: Spaceflight

The Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1.

 1974: Internet

Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn produced the TCP/IP (Transmission


Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). TCP/IP became the basis for how
data is transmitted over the Internet.

 2017: Artificial intelligence

The simulation of Human Intelligence processes by machine especially


computer system.
6 Kinds of Analysis of STS

1. Semantic
2. Logical
3. Epistemological
4. Methodological
5. Ontological
6. Axiological

3 People who proposed History of technology in the past

1. Thomas Kuhn
2. Imre Lakatos
3. Larry Laudan

Five Different models of Technology

1. Technology is reducible to science.


2. Science is reducible to technology.
3. There is an identity of science and technology. This thesis is a way
of understanding “technoscience” but is so strong that even its
supporters – mainly constructivists try to emphasize the identity in
methodological terms – as common process rather than in
ontological terms.
4. Science and Technology are independent both ontologically and
causally. It is a parallelist view: they move according to the same
rhythm but without interaction.
5. There is an ontological independence between science and
technology, but they are in a causal interaction.

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