BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING - A
REVIEWER IN GE 7 (SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY)
IDENTIFICATION (possible na lumabas)
Science
Is a systematized body of knowledge derived from observation,
study, and experimentation.
Technology
Is an application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
Society
Is a group of people that interacts and share a common culture.
Interdisciplinary Endeavor
Is a process of answering the question.
Technoscience
Is a study of how human interacts with technology – science.
Philosophy
All about facts or truth.
Philosophy of Science
Is a branch of Philosophy concerned with the function, method,
and implementing science.
Philosophy of Technology
Is a sub – field of philosophy that studies the nature of technology,
and its social effects.
Relation of Science and Society
Science aids in making decisions in our personal lives, through
research and information helping the society to solve practical
problems.
Nexus of Technology and Society
The 10 Advantages of STS.
Climate Change
Refers to long term shifts in temperature and weather
patterns/phenomena
Global Warming
Is a long term warming of the planet’s overall temperature.
Electricity
One of the causes of climate change.
Bioethics
Is the study of ethical, social, and legal issues that arise in
biomedicine.
Semantic
Study of meaning in language.
Logical
Correct thinking and correct reasoning.
Epistemological
Knowledge.
Methodological
Relating to the system of method use in a particular of study.
Ontological
Nature of Human being.
Axiological
Study of value (Ethics).
Empirical Research
Is a research using empirical evidence, it is also way of gaining
knowledge by means of observation.
Importance of Empirical Research
Is to increase Human knowledge about technology and the
different inventions.
Scientific – Technological Inquiry
Used to investigate a topic like for example invention and
discovery of technology.
Invention
Is creating something totally new with one’s own ideas and
development.
Discovery
Recognizing something that already exist for the first time that
nobody has found before.
Both Science and Technology
They go hand in hand.
Blend or Hybrid
There is new invention.
Know how in Technology
Know how to use technology in a proper way.
Know that given by science
Know that you should know how to think correctly and how to
reason out correctly.
Practical Ethics
A philosophical study which has enlarged its realm to create new
specialties such as bioethics or environmental ethics.
Policy Analysis
Is also connected with philosophy of science and philosophy of
technology insofar as they need several epistemological and
methodological distinctions.
Legal Studies
Are usually interwoven with concerns about practical ethics and
issues raised by policy analysis.
Sociology of Science
Study of social change, social causes, and consequence of human
behavior.
Sociology of Technology
Application of science to address the problems of daily life.
Sociology
Study of Human behavior within society.
Economic of technology or Economic of Technological Change
Economic in science aims to understand the impact of science on
the advancement of technology.
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol.
IP
Internet Protocol
Logos
Study
Human Cloning
Is a process of creating the exact replica of someone.
Parallelist
Science and Technology are parallel to each other.
ENUMERATION
10 Advantages of using Technology
1. Access to information
2. Saves Time
3. Increase Innovation
4. Collaborative Learning
5. Quick Communication
6. Life Saves
7. Improved means of Transportation
8. Making Online Payment
9. Entertainment
10. Increase Productivity
10 Disadvantages of using Technology
1. Addiction
2. Create Dependency
3. Damaged to the Environment
4. Social Isolation
5. Loss of Privacy (lack of security)
6. Crime and Terrorism
7. Obesity
8. Reduction of labor
9. Hearing damage or eye strain
10. Less Human Interaction
5 Steps of Philosophical Approach to STS
1. To characterize the interdisciplinary endeavor on science and
technology focus on the social setting.
2. To clarify the notions of Technoscience, Science and Technology
because they – in one way or another – underlie all the
discussions.
3. To make explicit the variations in the philosophical approach,
which has moved from the internal constituents to the external
factors both in philosophy of science and in philosophy of
technology.
4. To specify the relation between science and society from a
philosophical perspective, which includes the social dimension of
science as well as the relevance of practice.
5. To elucidate the nexus between technology and society from a
philosophical approach.
Two (2) Cores of STS
1. Philosophy of Science
2. Philosophy of Technology
4 Areas of STS
1. Bioethics
2. Environmental Concerns
3. Social Problems
4. Policy Discussions
Greenhouse Gases
1. Carbon Dioxide
2. Methane
3. Nitrous Oxide
4. Water Vapor
Fossil Fuels
1. Oil
2. Natural gas
3. Gasoline
4. Coal
5 Several Discipline in STS
1. Practical Ethics
2. Policy Analysis
3. Law
4. Sociology
5. Economics
Examples of Bioethics
1. Euthanasia
2. Using of Marijuana
3. Abortion
Examples of Environmental Concerns
1. Climate Change
2. Global Warming
3. Greenhouse Gases
History of Technology: Timeline
3.3 million years ago: The first tools
Sharp flakes of stone used as knives and hammers.
1 million years ago: Fire
invented by an ancestor of Homo sapiens evidence of burnt material can
be found in caves used by Homo erectus.
20,000 to 15,000 years ago: Neolithic Revolution
Clay was used for pottery and bricks. Clothing began to be made of
woven fabrics. The wheel was also likely invented at this time.
4000 BCE: Sailing
The first sailing ships were used on the Nile River.
850 CE: Gunpowder
Alchemists in China invented gunpowder. Gunpowder spread to Europe
in the 13th century.
950: Windmill
Windmill were invented in Persia and in Europe.
1250–1300: Mechanical clock
the first mechanical clocks appear in Europe toward the end of the 13th
century and were used in cathedrals.
1455: Printing
Johannes Gutenberg completed the printing of the Bible.
1804: Railways
English engineer Richard Trevithick improved James Watt’s steam
engine and used it for transport. He built the first railway locomotive at
an ironworks in Wales.
1826/27: Photography
Nicéphore Niépce became interested in using a light-sensitive solution to
make copies of lithographs (Lithograph is a method of printing originally
based on oil and water.
1831: Reaper
Is a machine that harvest a crop.
1876: Telephone
Invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
1879: Electric Light
Invented by Thomas Edison.
1885: Automobile
Karl Benz used a one-cylinder engine to power the first
modern automobile.
1901: Radio
Guglielmo Marconi invented the first radio.
1903: Airplane
Invented by Wright brothers. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright.
1927: Television
Philo T. Farnsworth made the first electronic television.
1937: Computer
John Atanasoff designed the first electronic digital computer.
1942: Nuclear power
Enrico Fermi used uranium to produce the first self-sustaining chain
reaction.
1957: Spaceflight
The Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1.
1974: Internet
Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn produced the TCP/IP (Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). TCP/IP became the basis for how
data is transmitted over the Internet.
2017: Artificial intelligence
The simulation of Human Intelligence processes by machine especially
computer system.
6 Kinds of Analysis of STS
1. Semantic
2. Logical
3. Epistemological
4. Methodological
5. Ontological
6. Axiological
3 People who proposed History of technology in the past
1. Thomas Kuhn
2. Imre Lakatos
3. Larry Laudan
Five Different models of Technology
1. Technology is reducible to science.
2. Science is reducible to technology.
3. There is an identity of science and technology. This thesis is a way
of understanding “technoscience” but is so strong that even its
supporters – mainly constructivists try to emphasize the identity in
methodological terms – as common process rather than in
ontological terms.
4. Science and Technology are independent both ontologically and
causally. It is a parallelist view: they move according to the same
rhythm but without interaction.
5. There is an ontological independence between science and
technology, but they are in a causal interaction.