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Logarithm Questions

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72 views5 pages

Logarithm Questions

log

Uploaded by

s.sidrahyousuf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Logarithm Questions

Logarithm questions with answers are provided for students to solve them and understand the
concept elaborately. These questions are based on the logarithm chapter of Class 9, 10 and 11
syllabi. Practising these problems will not only help students to score good marks in academic
exams but also participate in competitive exams conducted at the state or national level, such as
Maths Olympiad.
The logarithmic function is an inverse of the exponential function. It is defined as:
y=log x, if and only if x=a ; for x>0, a>0, and a≠1.
a
y

Natural logarithmic function: The log function with base e is called natural logarithmic function
and is denoted by log . e

f(x) = log x e

The questions of logarithm could be solved based on the properties, given below:

 Product rule: logb MN = logb M + logb N


 Quotient rule: logb M/N = logb M – logb N
 Power rule: logb Mp = P logb M
 Zero Exponent Rule: loga 1 = 0
 Change of Base Rule: logb (x) = ln x / ln b or logb (x) = log10 x / log10 b

Also, read:

 Logarithms
 Logarithm Table

Questions on Logarithm with Solutions


1. Express 5 = 125 in logarithm form.
3

Solution:
5 = 125
3

As we know,
a = c ⇒ log c=b
b
a

Therefore;
Log 125 = 3
5

2. Express log 1 = 0 in exponential form.


10

Solution:
Given, log 1 = 0 10
By the rule, we know;
log c=b ⇒ a = c
a
b

Hence,
10 = 1 0

3. Find the log of 32 to the base 4.


Solution: log 32 = x 4

4 = 32
x

(2 ) = 2x2x2x2x2
2 x

2 =2
2x 5

2x=5
x=5/2
Therefore,
log 32 =5/24

4. Find x if log (x-7)=1. 5

Solution: Given,
log (x-7)=15

Using logarithm rules, we can write;


5 = x-7
1

5 = x-7
x=5+7
x=12
5. If log m=n, express a in terms of a and m.
a
n-1

Solution:
log m=n a

a =m
n

a /a=m/a
n

a =m/a
n-1

6. Solve for x if log(x-1)+log(x+1)=log 1 2

Solution: log(x-1)+log(x+1)=log 1 2

log(x-1)+log(x+1)=0
log[(x-1)(x+1)]=0
Since, log 1 = 0
(x-1)(x+1) = 1
x -1=1
2

x =2
2

x=± √2
Since, log of negative number is not defined.
Therefore, x=√2
7. Express log(75/16)-2log(5/9)+log(32/243) in terms of log 2 and log 3.
Solution: log(75/16)-2log(5/9)+log(32/243)
Since, nlog m=log m n

⇒log(75/16)-log(5/9) +log(32/243)
a a

⇒log(75/16)-log(25/81)+log(32/243)
Since, log m-log n=log (m/n)
⇒log[(75/16)÷(25/81)]+log(32/243)
a a a

⇒log[(75/16)×(81/25)]+log(32/243)
⇒log(243/16)+log(32/243)
Since, log m+log n=log mn
⇒log(32/16)
a a a

⇒log2
8. Express 2logx+3logy=log a in logarithm free form.
Solution: 2logx+3logy=log a
logx +logy =log a [By logarithm rule: loga = b log a]
2 3 b

log(x y )=log a [By logarithm rule: log a + log b = log (ab) ]


2 3

x y = a [If log a = log b, then a = b]


2 3
m m

9. Prove that: 2log(15/18)-log(25/162)+log(4/9)=log2


Solution: 2log(15/18)-log(25/162)+log(4/9)=log2
Taking L.H.S.:
⇒2log(15/18)-log(25/162)+log(4/9)
⇒log(15/18) -log(25/162)+log(4/9)
2
⇒log(225/324)-log(25/162)+log(4/9)
⇒log[(225/324)(4/9)]-log(25/162)
⇒log[(225/324)(4/9)]/(25/162)
⇒log(72/36)
⇒log2 (R.H.S)
10. Express log (2) + 1 in the form of log x.
10 10

Solution: log (2)+1 10

=log 2+log 10 [Since, 1 = log 10 ]


10 10 10

=log (2 x 10) [log a + log b = log ab]


10 10 10 10

=log 20 10

11. Find the value of x, if log (x-10)=1. 10

Solution: Given, log (x-10)=1. 10

log (x-10) = log 10


10 10

x-10 = 10
x=10+10
x=20
12. Find the value of x, if log(x+5)+log(x-5)=4log2+2log3
Solution: Given,
log(x+5)+log(x-5)=4log2+2log3
log(x+5)(x-5) = 4log2+2log3 [log mn=log m+log n]
log(x -25) = log2 +log3
2 4 2

log(x -25) = log16+log9


2

log(x -25)=log(16×9)
2

log(x -25)=log144
2

x -25=144
2

x =169
2

x=±√169
x=±13
13. Solve for x, if (log 225/log15) = log x
Solution: log x = (log 225/log15)
log x=[log(15×15)/log15]
log x = log 15 /log 15
2

log x = 2log 15/log 15


log x = 2
Or
log x=2
10

10 =x
2

x=10×10
x=100

Practice Questions
1. If log x = m+n and log y=m-n, express the value of log 10x/y in terms of m and n.
2

2. Express 3 =1/9 in logarithmic form.


-2

3. Express log 0.01=-2 in exponential form.


10

4. Find the logarithm of 1/81 to the base 27.


5. Find x if log (2x -1)=2.
7
2

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