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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Use of Industrial Sludge as an Ingredient in Brick

Akash V.A1, Athira Thankachan2, S Sankar3, Shifa K4, Asst. Prof. Nidhin B Parappattu5
Under Graduate Students, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
1,2,3,4
5 Assistant Professor, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
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Abstract - Brick is one of the most common masonry units considered satisfactory for conventional purposes. Also
used as building material. Due to large demand placed on the found at 5% of replacement, the quality of brick is superior
building material industry, civil engineers have been to the bricks made from earth alone and can be used for
challenged to convert waste to useful building and superior work of permanent nature.
construction material. The disposal of sludge from industry is
a major problem in urban cities as it causes harmful effects on Badr El-Din Ezzat Hegazy, Hanan Ahmed Fouad and Ahmed
environment. Since the chemical composition of sludge is Mohammed Hassanain experimented the incorporation of
similar to that of brick clay, this study is focused on the reuse water sludge, silica fume and rice husk ash in brick making.
of sludge in clay-brick production. In this study different series From the results it was concluded that a mixture consists of
of clay and sludge proportioning ratios were studied which 50% of sludge, 25% of SF, and 25% of RHA was the optimum
included the addition of sludge with ratios 5,10,15,20 and 25 materials proportions to produce brick from water sludge
percent of total weight of sludge clay mixture. incorporated with SF and RHA.
1. INTRODUCTION 3. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY
Brick is one of the most important construction material. 3.1 Material

Various attempts were made to incorporate various waste
material in brick production such as natural fibres, foundry Sludge is a semi-solid slurry and can be produced as sewage
sand, processed waste tea, sewage sludge, waste water sludge from wastewater treatment processes or as a settled
sludge etc . The increasing popularity of using environmental suspension obtained from conventional drinking water
friendly, low cost building material has brought about treatment and numerous other industrial processes.
investigating the idea of using sludge as ingredient in brick.
Different types of sludge waste that can be incorporated in
Sludge generated at sludge treatment plant should be
fire clay brick are:
treated and handled in an environmentally sound manner.
The old practice of discharging sludge directly into rivers A, Water Treatment Sludge
violate the stream standards since it leads to the rise of
aluminium concentration in water which affect aquatic In a study that was carried out by Taiwan(Chiang et al.2009).
organisms consequently humans. Novel lightweight bricks have been produced by sintering
mixes of dried water treatment sludge and rice husk.
The brick industry is the most indicated technological Samples containing up to 20 wt. % rice husk have been fired
activity sector to absorb solid waste due to large quantity of using a heating schedule that allowed effective organic burn
raw materials used by the sector as well as by the large out. A mixture consists of about 10% of the water treatment
volume of final products in construction The study involves sludge was added to about 90% of natural clay to produce
the usage of sludge, a biodegradable material its the brick.
construction and demolition waste as an essential
ingredient. B. Sewage Sludge
2. LITERATURE REVIEW Anyakora Nkolika Victoria represented a paper

‘characterisation and performance evaluation of water
Joo Hwa Tay has done a study on bricks manufactured from works sludge as bricks material’. In this paper they are
sludge. The paper presented the results of the utilization of saying that the use of sludge in the well burnt bricks is a long
dried sludge as brick making material. The results showed term approach as point of view of the disposal, economy, and
that the maximum percentages of dried sludge and sludge environmental sustainability. It was found that proportion of
ash that can be mixed with clay for brick making are 40%. It sludge-clay and temperature of firing the bricks are two
was also found that bonding of mixture beyond that is poor. main factors which affect the quality of the bricks.
G. Reddy Babul and N. Venkata Ramana have done C. Textile Mill Sludge
experiments to study the durability of bricks cast with
industrial sludge. This experiment result also showed that Shrikant S Jahagirdar1, S. Shrihari2, B Manu3 1 NITK,
the brick can be replaced with sludge up to 40% by weight Surathkal, India investigated f the effect of Textile mill sludge
without loss in strength and other brick characteristics addition in burnt clay bricks. The study demonstrates that
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3077
textile mill sludge can be used as partial replacement for  Size, shape and color test
clays in burnt clay bricks. Textile mill sludge can be used up
to 15% without compromising on the compressive strength  Soundness test
of 3.5 N/mm2 and water absorption of 20% as per the IS  Hardness test
code requirements.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
D. Other Sludge
1. Compressive strength
Other sludge that are experimentally proven suitable to be
used as a partial replacement of brick clay are stone sludge, Sludge Length Breadth Maximum Compressive
rubber sludge etc. strength
(%) (mm) (mm) load
(N/mm2)
The sludge used for the experimental purpose is rubber
sludge collected from Latex industry; Binanipuram. The 0 210 100 9.2 4.3
main raw material used in this industry is Latex. Latex is a 5 210 100 9 4.2
colloidal suspension of very small polymer particles in 10 210 100 8.9 4.06
water.
15 210 100 8.7 4.06
3.2 METHODOLOGY AND TESTING 20 210 100 8.4 3.9
25 210 100 6.3 2.94
 Collection of materials:-
 Collection of sludge, brick clay.
2. Water absorption test
 Selection of brick burning site:-
Sludge Weight of dry Weight of wet % of water
 Site selection for burning of moulded (%) specimen specimen absorption
sundried brick. M1(kg) M2 (kg) (M2-M1)*100/M1
 Mix design of brick:- 0% 2.10 2.41 14.76%
 Percentage of sludge, brick clay and water 5% 2.05 2.38 16.09%

was decided. 10% 2.05 2.40 17.07%
15% 2.00 2.35 17.5%
Different percentage of Clay (%) Water
sludge 20% 1.95 2.32 18.9%
25% 1.95 2.35 20.5%
0% 100%
5% 95%
As 3. Efflorescence test:-
10% 90%
per
15% 85% No efflorescence
required
20% 80%
25% 75%
4. Size, shape and color test
Results are within limits

 Manufacturing of Bricks:-
5. Soundness test
 Weigh batching
The bricks not broken and a clear ringing sound is produced.
 Mixing of material
 Casting of brick 6. Hardness test
 Placing of brick Bricks are sufficiently hard.

 Burning of bricks 5. CONCLUSION
 Testing of bricks:- The study suggests that the sludge can be effectively used for
 Compressive strength test manufacturing of brick to required shape and size by
adopting the proportions of ingredients used in the study
 Water absorption test particularly 5% , 10% and 15% sludge. Merely dumping and
 Efflorescence test disposal problem of sludge will occupy more space and
creates the environmental pollution with in surrounding
region. So in order to prevent all the above issues, sludge can

be used for manufacturing of brick as a strong material and
cost effective.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to Dr. Soosan

George T, our Principal and Dr. Binoy Alias M, Head of the
Department for providing the facilities and all the
encouragement and support.
I express my sincere gratefulness to Asst. Prof Nidhin B

Parappattu, for his effective motivation, helpful feedback and
great support. I express my sincere gratitude to all the
faculties of the Department of Civil Engineering for their help
and encouragement.
Finally, I would like to acknowledge the heartfelt efforts,

comments, criticisms, cooperation and tremendous support
given to me by my dear friends during the preparation of the
project and also during the presentation without whose
support this work would also have been more difficult to
accomplish.
REFERENCES
1.Badr El-Din Ezzat Hegazy, Hanan Ahmed Fouad,

Ahmed Mohammed Hassanain, “Incorporation of water
sludge, silica fume, and rice husk ash in brick making
“,Advances in Environmental Research, Vol.1, No.
1,2012,pp 83-96
2.Joo-Hwa Tay,”Bricks Manufactured From

sludge”,Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol 113,
Issue No 2,1987,pp97-112
3.Gopal Bajaj, Vikas Gore, Kalyan Patre,”Partially

Replacement of Clay by S.T.P. Sludge in Brick
Manufacturing”,IJIRAE,Vol 3,Issue No 05,May 2016,pp
41-47
4.Pratik P. Shinde, Aakash S. Borade, Chetan P.Kalje,

“Manufacturing of Bricks From Sewage Sludge and
Waste Materials”,IJIR,Vol 3,Issue No 5,2017

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Use of Industrial Sludge as an Ingredient in Brick

1. INTRODUCTION 3. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY

Brick is one of the most important construction material. 3.1 Material

2. LITERATURE REVIEW Anyakora Nkolika Victoria represented a paper

 Mix design of brick:- 0% 2.10 2.41 14.76%

 Percentage of sludge, brick clay and water 5% 2.05 2.38 16.09%

Results are within limits

 Placing of brick Bricks are sufficiently hard.

region. So in order to prevent all the above issues, sludge can

I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to Dr. Soosan

I express my sincere gratefulness to Asst. Prof Nidhin B

Finally, I would like to acknowledge the heartfelt efforts,

1.Badr El-Din Ezzat Hegazy, Hanan Ahmed Fouad,

2.Joo-Hwa Tay,”Bricks Manufactured From

3.Gopal Bajaj, Vikas Gore, Kalyan Patre,”Partially

4.Pratik P. Shinde, Aakash S. Borade, Chetan P.Kalje,

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