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Database Lec3 Donya

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23 views5 pages

Database Lec3 Donya

Uploaded by

kkr795707
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database System (Lec.

3)

Department Of Cybersecurity and Cloud Computing Technical Engineering

Prepared By Assistant Lecturer:


Donya Yasir
2024-2025
Uruk University
Department of Cybersecurity and Cloud Computing Technical Engineering
Collage of Technical Engineering

How to Design a Database for Web Applications


1. Introduction
Web applications have become ubiquitous, powering various online services and platforms
across industries. Behind the seamless functionality of web applications lies a well-designed
database architecture capable of storing, retrieving, and managing data efficiently.

2. Features of Databases for Web Applications


Databases for web applications offer a range of features designed to support data storage,
retrieval, authentication, authorization, and transaction management. These features typically
include:
• Data Storage: Storing structured and unstructured data, including user profiles,
content, transactions, and session data.
• Data Retrieval: Retrieving data efficiently using queries, filters, and sorting
mechanisms to fulfill user requests and application functionalities.
• Authentication and Authorization: Authenticating users and managing access
permissions to secure sensitive data and application functionalities.
• Transaction Management: Ensuring data consistency and integrity by managing
database transactions, including ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability)
properties.
• Scalability: Scaling the database infrastructure to accommodate growing volumes of
data and user traffic while maintaining performance and reliability.
• Backup and Recovery: Implementing robust backup and recovery procedures to
ensure data availability and resilience against data loss incidents.

3. Entities and Attributes in Databases for Web Applications


Entities in a web application database represent various aspects of the application domain,
such as users, products, orders, transactions, and content, while attributes describe their
characteristics. (Entities are significant objects or concepts, like customers or orders,
represented as tables. Attributes are the details that describe entities, such as a customer's
name or an order date, represented as columns within tables.)
1
Uruk University
Department of Cybersecurity and Cloud Computing Technical Engineering
Collage of Technical Engineering

Common entities and their attributes include:


User
• UserID (Primary Key): Unique identifier for each user.
• Username: Unique username or identifier for authentication.
• Email, Password: Credentials for user authentication.

Product
• ProductID (Primary Key): Unique identifier for each product.
• Name, Description: Description of the product and its features.
• Price: Price of the product.

Order
• OrderID (Primary Key): Unique identifier for each order.
• UserID: Identifier for the user who placed the order.
• ProductID: Identifier for the product included in the order.
• Quantity: Quantity of the product ordered.
• Timestamp: Date and time when the order was placed.

Content
• ContentID (Primary Key): Unique identifier for each content item.
• Title, Description: Description of the content item.
• URL: URL or path to the content item (e.g., image, video, document).

4. Relationships in Databases for Web Applications


In web application databases, entities are interconnected through relationships that define
the flow and associations of application data. Key relationships include:

User-Order Relationship
• One-to-many relationship
• Each user can place multiple orders, while each order is associated with one user.

2
Uruk University
Department of Cybersecurity and Cloud Computing Technical Engineering
Collage of Technical Engineering

Product-Order Relationship
• Many-to-many relationship
• Each product can be included in multiple orders, and each order can contain multiple
products.

User-Content Relationship
• One-to-many relationship
• Each user can create or access multiple content items, while each content item is
associated with one user.

5. Database Design for Web Applications


The database model for web applications revolves around efficiently managing users,
products, orders, content, and their relationships to support the functionality and user
experience of the web application.

Assignment 1: Write a suitable code for this database design (for each of them)!!

3
Uruk University
Department of Cybersecurity and Cloud Computing Technical Engineering
Collage of Technical Engineering

6. Tips & Best Practices for Enhanced Database Design


• Normalization: Normalize the database schema to reduce redundancy and improve
data integrity.
• Indexing: Implement indexing on frequently queried columns to enhance query
performance.
• Caching: Implement caching mechanisms to reduce database load and improve
application performance.
• Security Measures: Implement security measures such as encryption, parameterized
queries, and input validation to prevent security vulnerabilities.
• Monitoring and Optimization: Monitor database performance regularly and optimize
database queries and configurations to improve scalability and performance.

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