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Listening Test 4
PART 1 QUESTIONS 1 – 10
Questions 1 – 6
Circle the appropriate letters A – C

Example
The caller can book a car by pressing button number
A one
B two
C three

1 The caller wants to 4 Mr. Maxine wants to change his booking to

A maker changes to his car reservation A a larger manual car
B complain about a car B five days
C make a car reservation C a smaller automatic

2 The booking reference is 5 Mr. Maxine will have to pay an extra

A ASFY15AG A £165
B ACFY15AG B £65
C ACFY50AG C £15

3 Mr. Maxine originally booked the car for 6 Mr. Maxine rented a car
A Monday at 6 p.m. A five months ago
B Friday of next week B not long ago
C this Friday C several years ago

Questions 7 – 10

Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS or A NUMBER for each space below.

7 The cost of the car hire changes ……………………………………………………..

8 The manual estate is cheaper to hire than ……………………………………………………..

9 Mr. Maxine’s credit card number is 3445 ……………………………………………7750.

10 Mr. Maxine’s address is …………………………………… Vale.

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PART 2 QUESTIONS 11 – 20
Questions 11 - 14
Circle FOUR letters A – F
The Mystery Personality
A is a French speaker.
B plays for a well-known club.
C has got a famous wife.
D is very rich.
E has played for his national team.
F is a famous footballer.

Questions 15 – 19
Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS or A NUMBER for each space below.

aimed at young people 15 ………………………. 20

connected with sports which involve some

16 ………………………

after appeal many people offered their services as

John Tebbit’s group
17 …………………………..

received many offers to use facilities free

18 …………………………..

some donations over 19 ……………………………….

Question 20
Circle the appropriate letter A – D
20 Patrick
A had an accident three years ago.
B used to excel in archery
C has been sponsored by one manufacturer
D is not able to walk, but is very good at archery

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PART 3 QUESTIONS 21 – 30
21 Astrid says she is 23 Henry wants to copy Astrid’s notes
A unhappy with Dr. Adams. because
B happy with Dr. Adams. A Astrid’s are neater than his.
C in the same tutorial group as Boris. B he missed the lecture.
D is a different seminar group to Boris. C he was listening rather than writing.
D he didn’t understand the lecture.

22 In the last lecture, Astrid look 24 Astrid says Henry cannot her notes
because
A fewer notes than she thought she had.
B more notes than she thought she had. A her handwriting is difficult to read.
C too many notes. B they are too long.
D note many notes. C the photocopier is broken.
D he should have taken is own notes.

Questions 25 – 27
Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS for each answer.
25 What is Astrid good at?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
26 What was Adams’ books about?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
27 What do some intelligent people find it difficult to do?
……………………………………………………………………………………….

Questions 28 – 30
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

HENRY

 useless at reading 28 ……………………………………………..

 brilliant at 29 ………………………………………… at putting
ideas down in the 30 ………………………………..

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PART 4 QUESTIONS 31 – 40
Questions 31 – 36
Circle the correct letters A – D
31 In a previous lecture, Dr. North talked about
A the Marine Habitat Research Unit.
B humankind’s relationship with sailing
C humankind’s relationship with the sea
D the cost of fishing.
32 The focus of today’s talk will be bon
A problems the fishing industry faces worldwide
B marine fish recipes
C rare fish
D European fishing problems
33 A book list and relevant articles can be
A found only in the lecture room.
B found on the Marine Habitat Research Unit website.
C found in the lecture room and on the department website.
D taken by students for a small fee.
34 During the last century
A stocks of rare species have fallen dramatically
B the world population has grown very fast
C fishing has become less efficient but heavier
D more people have decided to eat fish
35 As well as over-fishing, which of the following is a reason for fishing stocks being on the
point of collapse in the Pacific.
A Ocean ecology has changed
B Fishing has spread to international waters.
C Fish has become cheaper
D Oceans are more pulled

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36 in the UK
A fish used to be seen as a luxury.
B fish is not cheaper than meat.
C fish used to be seen as cheap meal.
D food scares have driven people away from eating fish.

Questions 37 – 40
Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each space below

Reasons why the number of A large 37 ……………………. of 38………………………………….. and

fish is declining catch nowadays is discarded. nets are to blame for the deaths
of many fish

Solutions to the problem 39 ………………………………… are Reducing the quantity ò fish for
not a complete solution. each boat.

Example of disappearance of Newfoundland, where

fish 40 ……………………. disappeared

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Reading Test 4
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1 – 13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
WORMS PUT NEW LIFE INTO DERELICT STIE
Poisoned soil at an old steelwork is being cleansed by thousands of worms, writes Mimi Chakraborty.
A Poisoned soil at an old steelwork is being cleansed by thousands of worms, writes Mimi
Chakraborty. Thousands of deep-burrowing earthworms are to help turn the long-derelict site
of a steelworks into Woodland and a renewable energy park. As part of a pioneering low-cost
plan to reclaim the site of the former Hallside steelworks at Cambuslang near Glasgow, worms
are being used to accelerate the process of soil regeneration and to transform the land, over
time, into an attractive and financially productive site. Hallside’s closure in 1979 put an end to
more than 100 years of steel production. The surrounding land had become heavily compacted
and was too contaminated with heavy metals such as chromium, cadmium and lead to support
any kind of brick and mortar development. The site’s 30 hectares were left abandoned until
1990, when a rescuer plan put together by local landscaping and earthmoving company, HL
Banks, and the regional developer, Scottish Greenbelt, was approved by local authorities.

B Now the site has been covered by a two-metre layer of partially treated sewage material which
has been mixed with colliery waste. This will be converted into usable soil by about 20,000
Lubricus terrestrial (garden lobworms ) and Aporrectodea long (black-headed worms) that
have been let loose on the site. The specially raised hermaphrodites, which are self-
impregnating, will spend the next five to ten years chewing their way through the topping
layer to create a soil structure able to sustain long-term plant growth. Without them, the
process could take up to 60 years. Researchers at Bell College of Technology in nearby
Hamilton examined the use of earthworms in land regarding, and found that even in the hostile
mixture of coal-tip waste and partially treated sewage, earthworms were able to speed up the
process of soil recomposition.

C They selected different varieties of deeper-burrowing earthworm species, whose bulk feeding
and casting actions, as well as their ability to improve the mineral content of soil would
increase the rate of reformulation much faster than the natural processes. Sean Ince, of Bell’s
department of biology, says ‘The idea is that earthworms will contribute in cumulative way to
further soil binding, and that they will aerate and add nitrogen to the soilcovering the Hallside
site.’ At the same time, Scottish Greenbelt has begun planting the area with 250,000 trees -
including willow and alder - specially selected for their ability to grow on degraded land. These
will have the dual function of extracting contaminants from the soil through their root systems,

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and being harvested for word burning or chipboard manufacture. By using the cash raised
from wood harvesting, David Craven, director of Scottish Greenbelt, says he expects Hallside
to be self-financing. ‘The first tranche of trees was planted in April and they are now over six
feet tall, despite dry weather through the summer,’ he says. ‘The fields are being planted on a
four-year rotation basis and will be used to help us meet our costs.’

D Craven says the cost of land bioremediation - the labour-intensive process of removing soil for
chemical and bacterial cleansing - could have been more than £30m. At Bell College, lnce says:
‘There’s a whole legacy of toxic soil contamination going back many years. There is physical
degradation of the soil as well as contamination from metals, including lead, chromium and
arsenic.’ Sampling of the soil at regular intervals over the next few years will give an indication
of the level of contaminants. Within less than 20 years the land could be re-integrated into the
community. Hopes of a successful outcome at Hallside have paved the way for similar
regeneration plans for the nearby Gartcosh steelworks and at Glengarnock in Ayrshire.

Questions 1-5
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in your answer sheet.
1. The Hallside site has been
A. turned into a steelworks from a woodland and an energy park
B. in use as an energy park.
C. disused for a long period of time.
D. disused for a short period of time.
2. After more than one hundred years of steel production at Hallside,
A. the land could not be used for anything.
B. it was impossible to get the land to build on.
C. the land could then be built on.
D. the land could be used for any purpose.
3. The plan to reclaim Hallside was proposed by
A. Scottish Greenbelt and the regional developer.
B. local authorities.
C. a local landscaping company and HL Banks.
D. Scottish Greenbelt and HL Banks.

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4. In the conversation of the soil at the Hallside site,
A. two types of worms are being used.
B. three types of worms are being used.
C. many types of worms are being used.
D. thousands of different types of worms are being used.
5. The soil regeneration at the Hallside site will take
A. 60 years
B. between 5 and 10 years.
C. up to 60 years.
D. less than five years.

Questions 6-9
Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from reading passage for each answer from Reading Passage 1 for each
answer. Write your answers in boxes 6 – 9 on your answer sheet.
Write your answers in your answer sheet.
6. In research at Bell College, worms were used that quickened ……………………………………….
7. The Bell researchers chose worms that would convert contaminated soil more rapidly than
the ……………………………………….
8. The soil at Hallside will be enriched by adding air and ……………………………………….
9. Contaminants will be removed from the soil by ……………………………………….

Questions 10-13
Choose ONE phrase from the list of phrases A-H below to complete each of the following sentences.
Write your answers in your answer sheet.
A. still be contaminated. 10. The Hallside site is expected to
B. be in use again by the community. 11. Bio-remediation at Hallside could
C. work better elsewhere. 12. Within 20 years, the land at Hallside could
D. take place at other steelworks. 13. Similar regeneration plans may
E. have cost millions of pounds.
F. have been labour intensive.
G. pay for itself.
H. cost more than bio-remediation.

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READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14 – 28, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
A I have recently planted a hedge. Living in a rural environment, I made the decision to plant only
native species, including field maple, hawthorn, hazel, dog-rose and blackthorn. In time this will
grow to form a dense hedge whose primary purpose is to form a windbreak, but which will also
be attractive both to me and to wildlife. In the two years since planting, a number of hedgerow
wild flowers, such as scabious and knapweed have already begun to colonize the spaces
between the growing shrubs. Of course, if allowed to grow too freely, rank weeds and grasses
will limit the growth of the hedge and need to be removed. This is done by hand, without the
use of herbicides, in order to encourage bio-diversity.

B But it is not only native species that have found a foothold in the new growing environment. A
number of garden plants' of non-native origin have also established themselves. Some have
come via wind-blown seeds, some through bird droppings, while others have arrived through
human agency, stuck to the soles of boots or as dormant seeds embedded in garden compost.
They include Lychnis coronaria, Echinops ritro and Brunnera macrophylla, all valued garden
plants, but looking rather out of place in a natural setting. Such intruders are called 'garden
escapes', and it isn't only my garden they are escaping from.

C In his recently published book, Flora Britannica (1998), Richard Mabey devotes a whole chapter
to garden escapes. Many of these are relatively recent introductions, such as the Indian balsam
which was first brought to Britain from the Himalayas in 1829, and Fuchsia magellanica which
arrived about the same time. Both of these grow wild in Britain now; Indian balsam may be
found along riversides and in damp places all over Britain, while Fuchsia magellanica is mostly
confined to mild south-west England. Buddleja Davidiivjas introduced from its native China in
the 1890s and is now a ubiquitous shrubby weed of urban wasteland, derelict building sites or
crumbling walls. Its dusky purple flowers are much frequented by butterflies and for this reason
it is by no means an unwelcome interloper. Like the others it has succeeded by exploiting an
ecological niche. No native British plant species has been able to colonize dry inhospitable urban
landscapes to such advantage.

D Other vigorous aliens introduced as garden plants are now regarded as pernicious weeds.
One such is Japanese knotweed, probably introduced into Victorian gardens in the 1840s. Its
root system extends rapidly and it is able to regenerate from the smallest fragment of root. It
forms dense thickets reaching 1.5 metres in height, under which no other plants can grow
and little animal and insect life can be supported. It spread from London in the early 1900s
and by the early 1960s was reported in every county of mainland Britain, reaching us even

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here in the remote Suffolk countryside. It is virtually ineradicable, and is now a serious pest
in parts of south-west England. Another unwelcome intruder is giant hogweed, an undeniably
handsome herbacious perennial, reaching up to four metres in height in damp meadows or
open woodland, crowned with enormous umbels of white flowers. It, too, is invasive and its
sap is also poisonous causing severe skin irritation and blistering, especially when activated
by the ultra-violet rays of bright sunlight. Children are particularly at risk as the thick hollow
stems and broad fan-like leaves lend themselves to a variety of games.

E This process is taking place all over the world. Plant species from one continent are introduced
into the gardens of another, or as a food crop, or for hedging. They may then spread disastrously,
taking advantage of suitable climatic and soil conditions, and of the fact that there may be no
animal, insect or fungal predators in the new environment to keep them in check. The prickly
pear, a spiny cactus originating in Central America, was introduced into Australia to control
stock and keep out wild animals. It has now colonized vast areas of the Australian outback as
both domestic animals and wild kangaroos and other herbivores find it virtually inedible.
Prickly pear also grows now in parts of southern Arabia and is spreading rapidly. Even goats,
which will eat almost anything of vegetable origin including cardboard boxes, find it difficult to
deal with the dense spines of this cactus.

F Many of the commercial food species now grown in Europe have also been imported from
other continents, including potatoes, tomatoes and kiwi fruit. These do not readily spread
across our landscapes, as they require constant human intervention in the form of irrigation,
fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides. However, some agricultural crops can interbreed with
wild species. Oilseed rape is one example. Plants are adaptable and have in their genes
characteristics that enable them to survive and breed in a variety of conditions. Recently,
with the development of genetically modified crops, some food plants have acquired new
characteristics, such as resistance to drought, herbicides or insect attack. How long "will it be
before one of these genetic modifications transfers to a vigorous weed, escapes our global
garden and goes on the rampage in the remaining wild habitats of the world?

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Questions 14-18

Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs labelled A- F. Choose the most suitable heading for paragraphs A-
E from the list of headings below.

Write the appropriate numbers (i-x). You may use each heading only once.

Note. There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all of them.

List of Headings
i Interbreeding between agricultural crops and wild species
ii Examples from the Flora Britannica
iii Planting a hedge
iv The prickly pear-an unwelcome interloper
v Keeping wild animals under control
vi Plants escaping from the author's garden
vii Bio-diversity
viii Virtually ineradicable
ix Garden plants that have become weeds
x Escaping plants

Example: Paragraph F __i__

14 Paragraph A ____

15 Paragraph B ____

16 Paragraph C ____

17 Paragraph D ____

18 Paragraph E ____

Questions 19-21
In which three paragraphs in Reading Passage 2 does the writer mention his own experience? Write the
three appropriate letters A-F.
19. ________________
20. ________________
21. ________________

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Questions 22-27

Do the following statements agree with the information in Reading Passage 2?

In boxes 22 -27 on your answer sheet write

YES if the statement agrees with the information in the passage

NO if the statement contradicts the information in the passage

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about the statement in the passage

22 The main purpose of the author's hedge is to form a windbreak.

23 The main route of escape for plants from gardens is by wind.

24 Indian balsam came from the Himalayas and grows only in the south-west of England.

25 The urban landscape in Britain has been changed dramatically by escaping garden plants.

26 The Flora Britannica (1998) by Richard Mabey is devoted to escaping garden plants.

27 Knotweed and hogweed are both invasive plants.

Question 28

Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 28 on your answer sheet.

28 Which one of the following is the most suitable heading for the passage?

A Great escapes
B Knotweed and hogweed
C The Flora Britannica
D Planting a hedge

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READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 29 – 40, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

DAY-DREAMING
an art or a waste of time?

A Day-dreaming is generally viewed as an impractical, wasteful activity: one should be doing

something useful, not just sitting or walking around with 'one's head in the clouds'. But rather
than being of little worth, the capacity to fantasize is a priceless skill, a thoroughly useful tool,
a tool for all seasons.

B Day-dreaming is an essential ingredient in most, if not all, creative processes. In the pursuit of
innovation and development, many organizations have been trying over recent years 'to
capture the day-dreaming process' by formalizing and institutionalizing the process in
creative seminars. Workshops where employees sit around 'brainstorming' and 'being
creative' are now mushrooming. But do they work? To a certain extent they can, but not
always. There are instances of outside consultants setting up brainstorming sessions for
companies where the chairperson or director gives his or her ideas first. In doing so, they set
the parameters as no one wants to contradict or overrule the boss. True brainstorming, like
true day¬dreaming, however, knows no boundaries, no hierarchies and no fears. The intention
is not to disparage such activities, but they are too over-controlled and do not even mimic the
environment needed to day¬dream and create. But they do show how the creative force, so
frequently despised before, is creeping into the mainstream, even if in a contained manner.
Very contained, in fact.

C So where to begin? Day-dreaming or fantasizing is discouraged in children, so that by the time

they are adults it has been completely removed. While one would not want to have all children
sitting around in a kind of hypothyroids haze of day¬dreaming bliss, those most naturally
inclined to it should be given space to dream and their ability nurtured. Creativity comes out
of the unusual and needs space, in fact lots of space, to develop. Yet, life is based on mediocrity
and so society demands that creative flair be knocked out of someone when they are young so
that they can conform.

D As adults, then, it is by and large more difficult to day-dream in general. The limitations have
been set by others early on and by subtle reminders to keep people in place. Individuals in
danger of deviating from the norm are kept in their place by a permanent flow of seemingly
innocent comments designed to induce conformity ('I don't like that. ' 'That won't work. ')

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quite often delivered subconsciously. Fortunately, the die-hard day-dreamers/creators
manage to struggle through.

E Dreaming spots

For some of us, coffee shops, pubs or public places where people are moving around are ideal
spots for day-dreaming. Or, indeed, somewhere where there is running water, by a river or
stream. The constant movement seems to stimulate thought and ideas in a way that perhaps a
library or the solitude of a study does not. It may not be possible to hone the finished text
sitting around in a noisy cafe, but the challenge of holding together thoughts against adversity,
as it were, is a great galvanizing force. In the peace of one's home there are even more
distractions, like the ТУ and the phone. People who are not familiar with the creative process
may find it hard to accept that places like coffee bars are a source of stimulation. But why
certain places and things motivate the creative individual and others do not is difficult to
fathom.

F Is day-dreaming an innate ability or something that can be taught? While I personally am

prepared to accept that inheritance of ability does play a significant role in the process, I am
more inclined to the idea that the environment, and perhaps chance, play a much greater role.
It is said that genius is 10 per cent inspiration and 90 per cent perspiration. The coffee shop
experience bears this out: a place of turmoil to engender the ideas and then back to the nest to
flesh them out. The 90 per cent is a notional figure. If one looks at the work of the great
inventors and artists past or present, one can see that more than 90 per cent of perspiration,
as it were, went into the execution of their work.

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Questions 29 – 35
Do the statements below reflect the opinion of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 29 – 35 on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement reflects the writer’s opinions
NO if the statement contradicts the writer’s opinion
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

Example
People think day-dreaming is a wasteful activity. YES

29 Day-dreaming is a worthless skill.

30 Organizations should be legally bound to institutionalize day-dreaming processes.
31 Brainstorming is totally effective.
32 In the day-dreaming process there are no limitations.
33 Most children should be given space to day-dream
34 Young people need to have creative flair knocked out of them
35 It is good that some day-dreamers survive the process of conformity.

Questions 36 – 40
Below is a summary of the second part of Reading Passage 3.
Using information from the passage, complete the summary.
Choose ONE WORD from the passage to complete each space.
Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.

Busy places, where there is a lot of movement are 36 ……………… place to day-dream. Such
environments helps to produce thoughts and ideas. In fact, in one’s 37 ……………………………. there
are even more things to divert one’s attention. It is not clear why the creative individual is
38 …………………….. by certain places and things. The questions is whether day-dreaming is
39 ……………….. or can be learned. Inheritance, environment and chance all play a role in the
creative process supposedly only 10 per cent is due to 40 ………………….

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