Review Questions on Chapter 4: Statistical Inference- I

Sr.
Questions
No
1. What is the need for sampling? Explain.
2. List the characteristics of population and sample.

3. Distinguish between SRSWR and SRSWOR with suitable examples.

4. Identify the situation when you use cluster sampling and stratified sampling. Explain with
examples.
5. A population contains 3 units 5, 4 and 7. Obtain the sampling distribution of sample mean when
sample of size 2 is drawn (i) with replacement (ii) without replacement.
6. Explain hypothesis, null and alternative hypothesis, two types of errors, level of significance,
confidence interval, critical region
7. A survey is proposed to be conducted to know the annual earnings of the old Engineering
graduates of Delhi University. How large should the sample be taken in order to estimate the mean
monthly earnings within plus and minus Rs.10,000 at 95% confidence level? The standard
deviation of the annual earnings of the entire population is known to be 30,000.

8. An astronomer wants to measure the distance from her observatory to a distant star. However, due
to atmospheric disturbances, any measurement will not yield the exact distance 𝑑. As a result, the
astronomer has decided to make a series of measurements and then use their average value as an
estimate of the actual distance. If the astronomer believes that the values of the successive
measurements are independent random variables with a mean of 𝑑 light year and a standard
deviation of 2 light years, how many measurements need she make to be at least 95% certain that
her estimate is accurate to within ± 0.5 light years?

9. Let X equal the length of life of a 60-watt light bulb marketed by a certain manufacturer. Assume that
the distribution of X is N(μ, 1296). If a random sample of n = 27 bulbs is tested until they burn out,
yielding a sample mean of 1478 hours, construct 95% and 99% confidence intervals for the true
mean life.

10. The diameter of holes for cable harness is known to have a normal distribution with 𝜎 = 0.01 inch. A
random sample of size 10 yields an average diameter of 1.5045 inch. Find a 99% confidence interval
on the mean hole diameter.
11. The brightness of a television picture tube can be evaluated by measuring the amount of current
required to achieve a particular brightness level. A sample of 10 tubes results in and S=15.7. Find (in
microamps) a 99% confidence interval on mean current required.
12. The contents of seven similar containers of sulfuric acid are 9.8, 10.2, 10.4, 9.8, 10.0, 10.2, and 9.6
litres. Find a 95% and 99% confidence interval for the mean contents of all such containers, assuming
an approximately normal distribution.
13. The IQ scores of a population are normally distributed with an unknown mean . A random sample of
five individuals’ IQ scores is collected: 85, 109, 93, 101, 115. Calculate the 95% and 99% confidence
interval for the population mean when (i) the population standard deviation is 15 (ii) we don’t know
the population standard deviation.
14. Independent random samples of size 375 are selected from the population of Canadian business
and from the population of business in U.S. The point estimate for the difference in the proportion of
businesses in Canada and the proportion of businesses in the U.S with on-site mainframe computers
is 𝑝1 − 𝑝2 = 0.589 − 0.619 = −0.03. Construct 95% C.I for this difference.
15. A random sample of 500 workers engaged in R&D last year is selected. Of these 178 earn over
$72,000 per year. Of the 450 workers in R&D studied during the current year 200 earn in excess of
$72,000 per year. (i) Let 𝑝1 and 𝑝2 denote the proportion of workers engaged in R&D who earned
over $72,000 per year last year and this year, respectively. Find (i)point estimates for 𝑝1 , 𝑝2 and
𝑝1 − 𝑝2 (ii) Construct 95% C.I for 𝑝1 − 𝑝2 .
16. Assume that IQ scores for a certain population are approximately N(μ, 100). To test H0: μ = 110
against the one-sided alternative hypothesis H1: μ > 110, we take a random sample of size n = 16
from this population and observe 𝑥̅ = 113.5. (i) Do we accept or reject H0 at the 5% significance
level? (ii) Do we accept or reject H0 at the 1% significance level? (iii) What is the p-value of this
test?
17. A manufacturer of sports equipment has developed a new synthetic fishing line that the company
claims has a mean breaking strength of 8 kilograms with a standard deviation of 0.5 kilogram. Test
the hypothesis that μ = 8 kilograms against the alternative that μ ≠ 8 kilograms if a random sample
of 50 lines is tested and found to have a mean breaking strength of 7.8 kilograms. Use a 0.01 level
of significance.
18. A company that manufactures brackets for an automaker regularly selects brackets from the
production line and performs a torque test. The goal is for mean torque to equal 125. Let X equal
the torque and assume that X is N(μ, σ2). We shall use a sample of size n = 15 to test H0: μ = 125
against a two-sided alternative hypothesis.
(i) Give the test statistic and a critical region with significance level α = 0.05. Sketch a figure illustrating the
critical region.
(ii) Use the following observations to calculate the value of the test statistic and state your conclusion:
128 149 136 114 126 142 124 136 122 118 122 129 118 122 129
19. A random sample of 100 recorded deaths in the United States during the past year showed an
average life span of 71.8 years. Assuming a population standard deviation of 8.9 years, does this
seem to indicate that the mean life span today is greater than 70 years? Use a 0.05 level of
significance.
20. Suppose that an engineer is interested in testing the bias in a pH meter. Data are collected on a
neutral substance (pH= 7.0). A sample of the measurements were taken with the data as follows:
7.07, 7.00, 7.10, 6.97, 7.00, 7.03, 7.01, 7.01, 6.98, 7.08.
Test the hypothesis that the pH is greater than 7.0
21. An examination was given to two classes A and B consisting of 40 and 50 students respectively. In
class A, the mean mark was 74 with a standard deviation of 8, while in class B the mean mark was
78 with a standard deviation of 7. Is there a significant difference between the performances in the
two classes, at the level of significance 0.05? What about the situation at 0.01 level of significance?
22. The mean height of 61 males from the same state was 68.2 inches with an estimated standard
deviation of 2.5 inches, while 61 males from another state had a mean height of 67.5 inches with an
estimated standard deviation of 2.8 inches. The heights are normally distributed. Test the hypothesis
that males from the first state are taller than males from the second state. Use a level of significance
of 5%.
23. A builder claims that heat pumps are installed in 70% of all homes being constructed today in the city
of Richmond. Would you agree with this claim if a random survey of new homes in this city shows
that 8 out of 15 had heat pumps installed? Use a 0.01 level of significance.
24. A commonly prescribed drug for relieving nervous tension is believed to be only 60% effective.
Experimental results with a new drug administered to a random sample of 100 adults who were
suffering from nervous tension show that 70 received relief. Is this sufficient evidence to conclude
that the new drug is superior to the one commonly prescribed? Use a 0.05 level of significance.
25. In a random sample of 400 students of university teaching department, it was found that 300 students
failed in examination. In another random sample of 500 students of affiliated colleges, the number
of failures in the same examination was found to be 300. Find out whether the proportion of failures
in the university teaching department is significantly greater than the proportion of failures in the
affiliated colleges.
26. It was claimed that 75% of all dentists recommend a certain brand of gum for their gum-chewing
patients. A consumer group doubted this claim and decided to test H0: p = 0.75 against the alternative
hypothesis H1:p < 0.75, where p is the proportion of dentists who recommend that brand of gum. A
survey of 390 dentists found that 273 recommended the given brand of gum.
(a) Which hypothesis would you accept if the significance level is α = 0.05?
(b) Which hypothesis would you accept if the significance level is α = 0.01?
(c) Find the p-value for this test
27. Many consumers think that automobiles built on Mondays are more likely to have serious defects
than those built on any other day of the week. To support this theory a random sample of 100 cars
built on Monday is selected and inspected. Of these 8 are found to have serious defects. A random
sample of 200 cars produced on other days reveals 12 with serious defects. Do these data support
the stated connection?