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Wk3 q2 Graphs of Circular Functions

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1K views

Wk3 q2 Graphs of Circular Functions

Uploaded by

JHANRICK BINUNGCAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GRAPHS OF

CIRCULAR
FUNCTIONS
AC/DC CURRENT

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AC/DC CURRENT

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AC/DC CURRENT

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AC/DC CURRENT

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AC/DC CURRENT

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AC/DC CURRENT

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AC/DC CURRENT

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AC/DC CURRENT

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LESSON OUTLINE

(1) Domain and range of circular


functions
(2) Graphs of circular functions
(3) Amplitude, period, and phase shift

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There are many things that occur
periodically. Phenomena like rotation of
the planets and comets, high and low
tides, and yearly change of the seasons
follow a periodic pattern. In this lesson,
we will graph the six circular functions
and we will see that they are periodic in
nature.

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DOMAIN AND RANGE OF THE
SIX CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS

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Important Terms and Concepts
• Domain
• Range
• Cycle
• Amplitude
• Period
• Phase shift

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Trigonometric functions are defined so
that their domains are sets of angles and their
ranges are sets of real numbers. Circular
functions are defined such that their domains
are sets of numbers that correspond to the
measures (in radian units) of the angles of
analogous trigonometric functions.

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DOMAIN AND RANGE
Graph of sine function. Graph of cosine function.
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SINE FUNCTION

DOMAIN RANGE GRAPH

𝒙∈R , (−∞,∞) −𝟏 ≤ 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙


• x is equal to all real
• Amplitude: 1
numbers
• Period: 2𝝅
x is an element of the set Starts at origin.
from negative infinity to
infinity
COSINE FUNCTION

DOMAIN RANGE GRAPH

x ∈ R , (−∞,∞) −𝟏 ≤ 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
• x is equal to all real
• Amplitude: 1
numbers
• Period: 2𝝅
x is an element of the set • Starts at 1
from negative infinity to
infinity (since cos 0 =1).
Graph of cosecant function. Graph of secant function.
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SECANT
FUNCTION

DOMAIN RANGE GRAPH

• x is equal to all real 𝒚 ≤ −𝟏 or 𝒚 ≥ 𝟏 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙


𝝅
numbers except 𝒙 = +
𝟐
𝝅𝒏 • Amplitude: infinite
• Period: 2𝝅
n is any integer (e.g., • Starts at 1 (sec 0 = 1)
± 1, ±2, …) • Secant function is an even
function which is
symmetrical to the origin.
COSECANT
FUNCTION

DOMAIN RANGE GRAPH

𝒙∈(−∞,∞), 𝒙 ≠ 𝒏𝝅 𝒚 ≤ −𝟏 or 𝒚 ≥ 𝟏 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙
• Amplitude: infinite
• Period: 2𝝅
• x is equal to all real • Csc 0 = undefined
numbers except
Cosecant function is an odd
multiples of 𝝅 (e.g.,
function which is symmetrical to
0, ±𝜋, ±2𝜋)
the origin.
• n is any integer (e.g.,
± 1, ±2, …)
Graph of tangent function. Graph of cotangent function.
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TANGENT FUNCTION

DOMAIN RANGE GRAPH

• x is equal to all real 𝒚 ∈ R , (−∞,∞) 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙


𝝅
numbers except of 𝒙 = + • y is equal to all real
𝟐
• Amplitude: infinite
𝝅𝒏 numbers
• Period: 𝝅
y is an element of the set from • Starts at 0 (since tan 0
negative infinity to infinity =0).
• Tangent function increases
from −𝝅/𝟐 to 𝝅/𝟐
COTANGENT
FUNCTION

DOMAIN RANGE GRAPH

𝒙∈ R, (−∞,∞), 𝒙 ≠ 𝒏𝝅 𝒚 ∈ R, (−∞,∞) 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙


• x is equal to all real numbers • y is equal to all real
• Amplitude: infinite
except multiples of 𝝅 (e.g., numbers
• Period: 𝝅
0, ±𝜋, ±2𝜋)
y is an element of the set • cot 0 = undefined
n is any integer (e.g., ±1, ±2, …). from negative infinity to • Cotangent function
𝑥 ≠ 𝑛𝜋, means x should not be infinity decreases from 0 to 𝝅
equal to any integers multiplied
by 𝜋
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
• NOTATION
• HOW TO EVALUATE
• DOMAIN N RANGE
HOW TO GRAPH
FOR SINE AND COSINE
General Equation of Sinusoidal Function

𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑩 (𝒙 − 𝑪) + 𝑫
or
𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑩 (𝒙 − 𝑪) + 𝑫
𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑩 (𝒙 − 𝑪) + 𝑫 or 𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑩 (𝒙 − 𝑪) + 𝑫

• |A|= amplitude
• -determines the max or min
value of the function, highest or
lowest points in the graph
𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑩 (𝒙 − 𝑪) + 𝑫 or 𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑩 (𝒙 − 𝑪) + 𝑫

• B - used to get period


𝟐𝝅
period=
𝑩

• Period - length of 1 complete


cycle
𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑩 (𝒙 − 𝑪) + 𝑫 or 𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑩 (𝒙 − 𝑪) + 𝑫

• C - determines the horizontal


shift
• -variable that shifts the graph
to the right or left
𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑩 (𝒙 − 𝑪) + 𝑫 or 𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑩 (𝒙 − 𝑪) + 𝑫

• D-determines the vertical shift


• -variable that shifts the graph
upward or downward
y = 2 sin 4x
𝜋
y = 3 sin (𝑥 + )
4
𝜋
y =−2 cos 2 (𝑥 − )-3
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Sketch the graph of the following
functions below. Indicate the
amplitude, period and give the table
of values for x and y :

a. 𝒚 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒙 + 𝝅)
𝝅
b. 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 −
𝟑
FOR COSECANT AND SECANT
𝟏 𝟏
𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 =
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝟏
FOR COSECANT AND SECANT 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙 =
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
1
We know that, csc x = if sin x ≠ 0.
sin x

(1) If sin x = 1 (or 1), then csc x = 1 (or 1).


(2) At each x-intercept of y = sin x, y = csc x is
undefined; but a vertical asymptote is formed
because, when sin x is close to 0, the value of csc
x will have a big magnitude with the same sign as
sin x.
𝟏
FOR COSECANT AND SECANT 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 =
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝑥
y = 2 csc
2
y = 2 - sec 2𝑥
𝑥
y = 2 csc + 3
2
FOR TANGENT AND COTANGENT
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 =
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙 =
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑩 (𝒙 − 𝑪) + 𝑫
If you enter tan 90 degrees into your calculator,
you will get an error message because tangent is
defined as a quotient. On the unit circle, a point on
the terminal side of a 90 angle has horizontal
coordinate zero and vertical coordinate 1. Division
of any number by zero is undefined, which you’ll
see leads to vertical asymptotes.
TANGENT FUNCTION

DOMAIN RANGE GRAPH

• x is equal to all real 𝒚 ∈(−∞,∞) 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙


𝝅
numbers except of 𝒙 = + • y is equal to all real
𝟐
• Amplitude: infinite
𝝅𝒏 numbers
• Period: 𝝅
y is an element of the set from • Phase shift: undefined
negative infinity to infinity • Starts at 0 (since tan 0 =0).
• Tangent function increases
from −𝝅/𝟐 to 𝝅/𝟐
FOR TANGENT AND COTANGENT
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 = 𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑩 (𝒙 − 𝑪) + 𝑫
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙

• |A|= amplitude
𝝅
• Period=
𝑩
𝝅
• Vertical Asymptote: 𝒙 = ± 𝟐𝒃
FOR TANGENT AND COTANGENT

𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙 = = • |A|= amplitude
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝝅
• Period=
𝑩
𝝅
• Vertical Asymptote: 𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃
1
y= tan 2𝑥
2
𝑥
y= 2 cot
3
𝑥
y= 2 cot
3
VIDEO LINKS:
▪Graphing Trigonometric Functions - YouTube
▪ Graphing Sine, Cosine, Cosecant, Secant,
Tangent & Cotangent (Complete Guide) - YouTube
▪ And an additional reference you can use,
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1be91ulfbASuaDs
rFN-bifC-SuY7dNu6e/view?usp=sharing

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QUIZ #3

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QUIZ #3

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QUIZ #3

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QUIZ #3

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QUIZ #3

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