Department of Civil Engineering

Harmattan Semester 2021/2022 Session

CVE 305: Hydrology

Tutorial Questions
Instruction: Answer All Questions 07/03/2022

1. What is hydrology?
2. With the aid of a well labeled diagrams, examine the various stages and processes of a
water cycle.
3. Discuss the importance of learning hydrology at University level.
4. Explain the sources of surface flow.
5. Discuss any five factors that could control the amount of runoff generated over a
watershed.
6. Define a hydrograph and examine the usefulness of it’s limbs in hydrologic analysis
7. Explain the alternative methods you would use in base flow separation
8.Discuss the significance of infiltration and examine the mechanics of water
storage and movement
in the soil.
9. Discuss the type of ground water and the factors that control it’s reseeding
and availability.(20marks)
10. Write short notes on the following.
a) Drainage basin
b) Drainage pattern
c) Flooding.
d) Water flow patterns
e) Sediment transport.
11. Mention two different types of self-recording rain gauges and explain their working
principles. Support your answers with detailed diagrams.
12. With the aid of well - labelled diagram, describe the hydrologic cycle and explain how
evaporation can be reduced.
13. Compare convective rainfall with orographic rainfall and confirm if dew is really a form
of precipitation.

14. The runoff from the drainage basin or catchment area of a natural stream depends on
several factors, briefly discuss four o f them.

15. Transpiration is controlled by the same factors that control simple evaporation from water
surface. List ten of them.
16. The isohyets for annual rainfall over a catchment were drawn and the areas of strips
between isohyet are obtained as presented in Table Q2. Determine the average depth of
annual precipitation over the area.
Table Q2: Annual rainfall and areas of strips between isohyets
 Isohyets (m) 550 - 750 750 – 950 950 - 1050 1050 - 1250 1250 – 1550 1550 - 1650
Area (km2)) 1400 4000 2500 2000 1000 900
17. Define these terms: aquifer, aquitard, aquiclude, groundwater velocity and porosity.

18. With the aid of well-labeled diagrams, differentiate between constant head and falling head
permeameters.
19. Design a tube well for the following data: yield required = 0.15 m2/s, radius of circle of
influence = 250 m, coefficient of permeability= 55 m/day, drawdown = 8 m and thickness of
confined aquifer = 40 m.
20. A tube well of 300 m diameter penetrates fully a confined aquifer. The length of the strainer
is 25m. Calculate the yield from the well under a drawdown of 4 m, if the coefficient of
permeability of aquifer is 50 m/day. Assume radius of circle of influence equals 200 m
21. Define a unit hydrograph with a well- labelled single peaked typical hydrograph.
22. State five empirical formulae used for the estimation of peak flood discharge.
23. A variety of routing methods are available and they can be broadly classified into two
categories. List and briefly describe them.
24. Route the following flood hydrograph through a river reach for which K = 12.0 h and X =
0.20. At the start of the inflow flood, the outflow discharge is 10m3/s as presented in Table Q 3

Table Q3: Ordinates of flood hydrograph

Time (hr) 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54
3
Inflow (m /s) 10 20 50 60 55 45 35 27 20 15

25. What is difference between Reservoir routing and Channel routing?

26. Define infiltration and describe how runoff is generated from a given precipitation.

27. Compare in details the USWB Class A pan evaporimeter with the Colorado sunken pan
evaporimeter and explain why it is possible for evaporation rate to exceed precipitation.
(5 marks)
28. The rates of rainfall for successive 20 minutes storm in mm/hour are: 22, 22, 95, 72, 12.5,
12.5 and 50. Taking the value of ᶲ-index as 31 mm/hour, calculate the net runoff in mm and
the total rainfall.
29. The runoff from the drainage basin or catchment area of a natural stream depends on several
factors, briefly discuss them.
30. Transpiration is controlled by the same factors that control simple evaporation from water
surface. List ten of them.
31. Differentiate recording gauges vs non-recording gauges

32. Mention any hydraulic project and its design criteria, remember to support your answer with
appropriate sketch.
33. List four classification of hydraulic structures on the basis of material and describe two of
them.
34. Define the following types of hydraulic structures classified on the basis of its function;
flow control structures, flow measurement structures, division structures, conveyance
structures, energy dissipation structures, river training /water stabilizing structures,
sediment/quality control structures and hydraulic machines.
35. Briefly explain role of groundwater in water resources development in the country.

36. Design a tube well for the following data: yield required = 0.10 m2/s, radius of circle of
influence = 200 m, coefficient of permeability= 60 m/day, drawdown = 6 m and
thickness of confined aquifer = 30 m.
37. A tube well fully penetrates a confined aquifer of thickness 30 m and coefficient of
permeability 38 m/day. Determine the radius of the well if the yield required is 40
litre/second under a drawdown of 4 m. Use radius of circle of influence recommended by
Sidchardt.