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2021 3 No.606
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Feature: Mecanoo

2021:04 No.607
Publisher/Editor: Essay:
Nobuyuki Yoshida From Purpose to Poetry 4
Francine Houben, Herbert Wright
Design Consultant:
Massimo Vignelli
Editors: The Netherlands 13

Kei Yokoyama
Sylvia Chen (Singapore) Mekel Park – Campus Delft University of Technology 14
Ayako Sato
Library Delft University of Technology 20
Layout Design: Nelson Mandela Park 26
Satoshi Ando (pickles design)
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Feature:
Mecanoo
The a+u April issue is our first monograph with Mecanoo,

a distinguished Dutch architecture office, founded in 1984.
Tracing back to their roots in the Netherlands, Mecanoo’s early
housing projects revealed the strong social agenda they have
as “they forge a trail through people, place and purpose to that
poetry” through their designs, described in an essay by founding
partner, Francine Houben. The firm now operates under the
direction of Francine who believes that “architecture must
appeal to all the senses”. Today, their portfolio includes projects
like libraries, theaters and campuses that can be found over
the world. This publication provides a comprehensive review of
Meccano works in the recent 3 decades divided into 2 distinct
sections – the first is a foundation of projects by Mecanoo in
their native country, and the second features works that define
their influence outside of the Netherlands. (a+u)
a+u 4 1984
30
Essay:
From Purpose to Poetry
Francine Houben and Herbert Wright
There’s an expression for something that just doesn’t make of the users are at the core of the design and it is contextual to
sense – it has “no rhyme or reason”. What about the opposite? its location, the purpose itself is enhanced.
Something with “reason” follows some logic, it has a purpose
and it suggests that it is there by design. Clearly, architecture has In 2015, Houben assessed her practice’s philosophy and history
this sort of reason. But what about “rhyme”? The word usually in a book called after these 3 key considerations – People Place
applies to poetry. A poem is a composition that can resonate Purpose. It was Hubert-Jan Henket, the founder of DOCOMOMO
deep in our mind, generate emotion, conjure up magic, and (an international organisation dedicated to documentation and
evoke memory, either personal or collective. These are elusive conservation of modernist buildings) who once suggested that
things. They don’t come from instructions in a design manual, Mecanoo’s “3 Ps should actually be 4”. The fourth he referred
but intuition senses and finds them. If we can add rhyme to is poetry. Mecanoo forges a trail through people, place and
to reason in architecture, it becomes poetic, and it is great purpose to that poetry.
architecture. That is what we find with the work of Mecanoo.
It’s a good time for this new appraisal, for 4 reasons.
What is the path Mecanoo has taken to this poetry?
First, things have moved on since 2015. Mecanoo is prolific
The practice was founded in the Netherlands in 1984 by a group as well as progressive, and nowadays, it has never been more
of student architects including Francine Houben. She is now productive. Unlike many practices, Mecanoo has never had a
its principal and creative director, and its base remains in the “visual signature style”, so there is a surprisingly diverse range
historic city of Delft. Nowadays, Mecanoo is a global practice, of new Mecanoo designs, from a futuristic arts center with the
with projects in 3 continents. Wherever their work is, what has biggest roof of any in the world to a glass retreat in a lake. We
always made it special has been a humanistic approach. That will show them with the help of some great photography.
means that it recognizes the individual as someone unique, with
innate dignity and goodness, capable of emotional fulfillment Second, it is now 10 years since Mecanoo completed their first
that can be encouraged by the right conditions. Architecture project beyond the Netherlands, a concert hall and conference
can be a benevolent agent, with a mission to help deliver the center called La Llotja Theater and Conference Center (pp.
potential of people, individually and collectively. Mecanoo 118–123). What has been learnt since then? Projects in the
designs are progressive and social, because they are rooted in pipeline now may take years to be realised, but they have
an intimate concern and sensitivity for people. Every design already boarded the train to the future. That future is changing.
considers what people do in real life and makes it better – it The world is in flux, swept up in climate change, ceaseless
creates space you want to be in, in which you feel human, and urbanization, the digitization of systems, knowledge and life,
when it brings people together, it gives you social relevance. and global shifts in power, population and wealth. What will
these forces demand of architecture? How will Mecanoo respond
Mecanoo also designs with a passion for place. Each space is to it, after another 10 years on the international stage? The
crafted according to its location, and aims to make it even Netherlands has always been challenged by the world around
better without making it somewhere else, or (as with so much it – a sea that unchecked would have long ago submerged its
architecture) nowhere in particular. Every site for which a project population, and a land so tight to work with that it has had to
is designed has certain elements that should make it unique. A be re-engineered. The Dutch know how to build out disaster. But
project can draw on and enhance the assets of a location, for the answers to tomorrow’s challenges must also lie in Mecanoo’s
example its history, architecture, landscape or lifestyle. It can constant concerns of people, place and purpose. How do people
also address the deficits of a location, for example by bringing find an identity in this changing world? How is the sense of
facilities or identity where they are lacking. A Mecanoo project place preserved when the context transformed?
creates a new place with its own presence, but it is defined by,
and unique to, the place that is already there. Third, we can take our fresh view with that idea of poetry
in mind. It’s more crucial than ever. We need that elusive,
Every architectural commission has a purpose, or function to emotional dimension beyond just purpose that can be sensed in
deliver. That may be to house people, host cultural activity, a really special building.
create a workplace or deliver a transport link. Formulaic design
can produce solutions to serve each purpose, but if the concerns
4
no rhyme or reason
2015
People Place Puropose
DOCOMOMO
3 P 4 P
4 P poetry
2015
1984
118 123 10
10
10
5
Housing for Humans
The starting point for Mecanoo was winning a competition
to design social housing in Rotterdam. Houben has long
emphasized that housing, particularly, “should be an important
architectural and urbanity task – in architectural schools and in
practice”. She was thrust into it in both arenas simultaneously.
And there was an urgent context – the failure of mass social

housing estates built on modernist principles after the war,
which were increasingly overcome by physical decay and
social alienation, and the rising crime and despair that went
with it. This was modernism’s greatest failure, and indeed
the architectural critic Charles Jencks even dated the death of
modernism to 1972, when demolition began of the notoriously
dangerous and dilapidated Pruitt-Igoe housing project in St
Louis, Missouri. Houben reminds us, though, that after the
war, the necessity was “to build a lot of housing and (they) had
no idea how to handle that. There was no experience: not in
urbanism, not in architecture, not in building construction. In
the 60s politicians, urbanists and architects were not thinking
about society, that people live in neighborhoods, that there
are many different families and cultures and ways of living.
What are the needs of young children, teenagers, and students?
The essence of public space, etc?” Those concerns may be the
concern of the architect now, but as she notes, they were tackled
then “by the building industry and the politicians”.
When she graduated in 1984, she founded Mecanoo with her TU

Delft collaborators (who would establish their own distinctive
practices in the1990s). The competition win, for flexible housing
on a site on Kruisplein, was their first commission. Here was
an opportunity to show the sort of attention to new housing
typologies and detail that was missing in the industrial quick-
build of the vast social housing estates that had emerged in
cities everywhere. Walking past the finished project, set in the
bland modern urban fabric that lies between Rotterdam Central
This page, above: Kruisplein, 1985 1985 station and the center, you notice its balconies, colorful façade
(Rotterdam, the Netherlands). This framing (but not in the then still-to-emerge Mecanoo blue) and
page, bottom: Urban Plan Design 2002 piloti under one block rising 10 stories. The other block curves
Vondelparc Area, 2002 (Utrecht, the 8 around a corner towards an older urban fabric behind. This
Netherlands). p. 8, top: Dwelling 2002
composition, which even includes especially selected trees,
Nieuw Terbregge Area, 2002 8 C
(Rotterdam, the Netherlands). p. 8, 2015 11 responds to its location and creates its own, so it’s Mecanoo’s
bottom: Bruce C. Bolling Municipal first demonstration of addressing Place. Some may see ominous
Building, 2015 (Boston, USA). p. 11: industrial implications in le Corbusier’s famous vision of
Staff of Mecanoo working from home housing as “a machine for living”, but Mecanoo applied the
during the pandemic lockdown. Photos
term to an efficient organisation of internal space, adaptable
on p. 6–11 courtesy of Mecanoo unless
otherwise noted. Photo p. 6, bottom, for single residents, and furthermore, some elements of his
p. 8, bottom by Ossip van Duivenbode. Unité d’Habitation in Marseilles are borrowed, such as galleries
6
3 10
12
1972
2001
203
1960
2000 98 101 143m

1995
1984 1990
10
7
every third floor. The higher block even has communal rooftop
facilities.
Kruisplein is an early sign of the sensitivity that Mecanoo brings

to housing. In the central Dutch city of Utrecht, I am on a canal-
side street when a group of noisy boys, perhaps 12 years old,
spill out from school. It’s a warm afternoon, and they jostle and
show off as they move towards a nearby high-density housing
development, which many enter. What dangers may lurk in
there? Inner city gangs that make estates their territory, perhaps?
Not at all. The boys continue to play along the cobbled paths
that meander between stones and grassy mounds, or on the
boardwalks that surround lower blocks, where smaller children
are left unattended. This environment seems content and safe.
It is Vondelparc, a Mecanoo-designed residential development
completed in 2001. The design did more than merely supply the
203 apartments and row townhouses specified in the plan. Like
Kruisplein, it has created a sense of Place for the People who
live there, who here are families. This is somewhere to foster
childhood memories, of friends a few doors away, and adventure
in spaces that even have texture. Façades are finished in crazily
warped fun brickwork, the same as in a section of the 143
meters-long brickwork-quilt of wall at Arnhem’s National Open
Air Museum (pp. 98–101), 2000, and first seen at Mecanoo’s Isala
College in Silvolde, 1995. During manufacture, bricks baked at
the edge of the oven can distort, and they are usually rejected.
What a waste! Mecanoo used them, and Houben has even told
the bricklayers using them to work as if they were drunk!
The low-rise Nieuw Terbregge housing out in the Rotterdam

suburbs, was completed a year after Vondelparc. The
development doesn’t have the crazy brick, but it does create a
new typology for houses, with front doors on 2 levels, opening
both into car parks and also to the boardwalk level above them.
Houben talks of the “enormous joy to create new typologies for
housing you can see in Kruisplein, as well as in Nieuw Terbregge
and Vondelparc.”
Canals with jungle-thick vegetation cut the site into islands,

connected by wooden foot-bridges... the kids must feel like
Indiana Jones when they cross them, but safer! Houben says
she always thinks about children playing. She notes that “they
develop their senses at an early age (at the age around 5). It is
important to address that in the design of public space. So you
can hear different sounds when you ride your bike over the
different types of pavement, you can experience the change of
seasons. Smell, light and shadows are important as well.”
Defining Delft
Francine Houben’s architecture studies started at Delft’s
Technical University (TU Delft) in 1974. The town is famous
for its blue-patterned white Delftware and as the home of the
sublime 17th century painter Vermeer. The center of Delft
would still be recognizable to him today: a seductively attractive
old Dutch cityscape divided by canals, one of which Mecanoo
still has its offices at. The university, however, moved to a new
campus after the war. At the time, the idealism implicit in
modernist architecture had been almost universally embraced,
and it set a rationalist agenda that was seen as progressive.
This set the tone for her education. She once summarized the
teaching: “You cannot be personal, you must be rationalistic.
There had to be logic.”
There is a neat bridge between the prevailing orthodoxy of

8
100
1974 TU
17
17
TU 30
TU
1990 20 25
45m
TU
1993
20 2002
2011 26 29
800m C
14 19
2012
2019
102 108 1990
9
rationalism that TU Delft shared then and the postmodernist Now, after economic crises and political re-ordering, the
symbolism that would become significant later. The Library Delft currents are shifting again.
University of Technology (pp. 20–25) that Mecanoo designed in
the 1990s (to rehouse the last facility that had remained in the A more People-oriented period of architecture is already
old town) is characterized by a hollow 45-meter-high cone that underway. From its early housing work, Mecanoo has always had
erupts through a sloping green roof and channels light into the a social agenda, so they are ahead of the curve. While Mecanoo’s
interior. “The cone is a symbol of the rationality of a technical expertise exquisitely tailors private spaces for clients as diverse
university”, she told me, describing it as “a very beautiful as golf-clubs, think-tanks or developers of hip urban high-rise,
mathematical form”. it is of no coincidence that recent projects reach out to People in
the wider sense of the word. Take the landscaping and facilities
If TU Delft’s modernist environment was impersonal then, of Nelson Mandela Park, 2011 (pp. 26–29), serving a stressed
it’s not anymore. Mecanoo started designing that library in multi-ethnic community in Amsterdam, or the Bruce C. Bolling
1993 and 2 decades later, they’re still transforming the place. Municipal Building, reviving the core of Boston’s black Roxbury
Several works built with roots in Mecanoo’s 2002 masterplan. neighborhood. Projects in Birmingham or Kaohsiung go further,
The 800-meter-long axis that cut through the campus between reaching out to whole cities.
rectilinear blocks was asphalt. Now it is a linear park, the
Mekelpark (pp. 14–19), with grass, trees, paths and a tramline, Forward To Basics
somewhere to stop the bicycle and just hang out, or where Francine Houben says “we want to give children a future”.
a serendipitous meeting might lead to something new and
unplanned. Indeed, why not work outside? The park lets you do It seems like a daunting challenge. All of us are on a journey
that. It also reminds us that Mecanoo are landscape architects to the future, but is the ride out of control? Some passengers
too. In this field they do have visual hallmarks – here, boulders are panicking. The climate crisis, now declared a climate
scattered randomly as if they had been deposited by a receding emergency, is real, its effects are more evident every year, and
glacier, and undulations in the grass, inspired by the gentle hills there is no Planet B. Cities spread but are blind to looming issues
of Houben’s native South Netherlands. of flooding and food security. The global agenda of economic
growth remains entrenched but its benefits are less where need
Global Change is most. And no-one knows where technologies are taking us.
Mecanoo is a global architectural practice, something that,
considering how long cultures have been exchanging goods Yes, there is an emergency, but that doesn’t mean we should
and ideas, is a relatively recent phenomenon. Such practices panic and throw everything we know out of the window.
took off with the post-war spread of American capitalism, when Professionals evaluate an emergency situation and draw on
organisations such as hotel chains or industrial conglomerates the basics of their training, skills and experience to find a way
wanted to build overseas with designers they trusted at through it. Going back to basics is not complacency, but rational.
home. Corporate practices, sometimes identified by merely Francine Houben used the expression “forward to basics” back
initials, emerged and became the propagators of a consistent in 2012, when she advocated planning that reconnects city and
architectural steel-and-glass “international style” across the country. But the words apply to everything architecture, design
planet. More recently, in an age when media amplify reputations and planning should do. Looking forward to 2019, Houben
and spreads images faster than ever before, “starchitect” declares that “the future is about forward to basics”.
personalities have stepped onto the world stage, generating
spectacular urban trophy buildings which could as easily be in Mecanoo has a track record of sustainability in design that goes
one place as another. back to the TU Delft Library and its green roof in the 1990s.
Mecanoo is neither corporate nor characterized by ego. When Mecanoo designs don’t shout sustainability but integrate it as a
she pushed open the St. Mary of the Angels Chapel (pp. basic ingredient in the mix, along with other ingredients such
102–108) door in Rotterdam, Houben may have looked like a as concern for the user, the aesthetics etc. And the potential for
superheroine, and indeed she’s a force to be reckoned with. But sustainability is in any and every design project.
just as she was part of a team when the practice was established,
she still is. Now she is creative director of a team that has grown These are just 2 examples of sustainability issues which Mecanoo
to over 100. “It is an explicit choice not to name the office is engaged with. The biggest issue is the CO2 we produce.
Francine Houben, but Mecanoo”, she says. “I see the office as Everyone except climate change deniers understands that the
a symphony orchestra”, Houben says, “bringing together in a goal must be the end of the fossil fuel era. What Houben calls
coherent way urbanism, landscape, architecture, restoration and “technocratic solutions”, for example reducing the CO2 emission
interior”. of buildings, are just a start to changes needed. Our attitude
to Earth needs to change. Houben’s philosophy has a “love
Many old certainties are no more, including the brief. “What of nature” as a basis. “Nature has an irreplaceable value and
I learnt in 30 years is that program changes”, says Houben. beauty”, she says. It is vital to reconnect to it.
“Purpose always changes”, she continues, and “the architect is
designing space for unpredictable change”. Place is one of the basics that have always driven the Mecanoo
agenda, and nature is a place. It’s actually the biggest, most
Human activity shapes and is shaped by great socio-political complex and best organised of all the places we could ever have.
currents. In architecture, we have seen socialist ideals drive Mecanoo projects from Birmingham or The Hague to Kaohsiung
modernism, for the intended benefit of all. Then, the flow and Washington DC are bringing its biodiversity into the city.
turned from the people and state towards the individual and Housing that integrates with a green environment has been
corporation. The social agenda receded. From postmodernism developing since projects such as Nieuw Terbregge in Rotterdam,
onwards, architecture was often more like fashion and branding. 2002. These may be small steps, but they bring the living
10
10
2
CO2
154
CO2 161
DC DNA
2002
4 P
19
11
biodiversity into the “concrete jungle”.
What about People? The humanistic concern for people comes

from a recognition of the value of every individual. “Our
public projects have always been something for all, they are
inclusive”, says Houben. A decade of projects encountering
people all around the world has underlined to her that everyone
everywhere wants “the very simple things, that you care for
children and want to give them a future”. Mecanoo’s built
environments are designed to deepen people’s engagement with
each other, or culture, or nature – and usually a combination
of those. The future is likely to bring more focus on the
human scale, but even in vast projects such as at the National
Kaohsiung Center for the Arts (pp. 154–161), the experience of
each individual drives the design.
There is no silver bullet to the climate emergency, but solutions

to survival are part of Mecanoo’s third basic concern, Purpose.
As we have seen, Mecanoo integrates sustainability deep into
the design process. How does that move forward? New ideas
emerge from the combination of analysis and intuition, which
Houben identifies as “a source of energy and resilience within
architectural practice”. Mecanoo is a team with diverse skill
bases in its individuals, and of course, it works with others
beyond the team. Houben says “the future is very much about
collaboration, bringing different disciplines together.” Hasn’t
it been built into Mecanoo’s DNA from the start? “Yes”, she
says,”‘and now it’s becoming more and more important.”
You may wonder what relevance the fourth “P” in the title
of this essay may have to facing the future. Actually, Poetry
is crucial. In the early 19th century, British philosopher and
reformer Jeremy Bentham argued that “the measure of right
and wrong” is how much it creates the “greatest happiness of
the greatest number”. For the first time since then, there is an
awareness that instead of economic growth, happiness should be
the goal for societies to strive for. Design alone cannot change
the global economic system, but it can help craft, step by step,
a world that is happier. The emotional magic of a building
contributes to that happiness, and as Houben says, “the right to
beauty is extremely important.” Poetry, too, must be a basic in
whatever the future brings.
Francine Houben founded Mecanoo in 1984. She has since led the firm to 1984
success in The Netherlands and abroad, amassing a portfolio of work that is
wide-ranging, inspired by global challenges and with a sustainable view on
society. She interweaves social, technical, playful and human aspects of space-
making together in order to create a unique solution to each architectural
challenge.
Herbert Wright is a London-based journalist and book author who writes about
architecture, cities, skyscrapers, Modernism, 20th century art and contemporary 20
art.
Mecanoo
The name “Mecanoo” is an amalgamation of 3 words: the Mecanoo 3
British construction kit Meccano, Theo van Doesberg’s Dadaist Meccano
magazine Mécano (1922–1923), and the motto “Ozoo”, which
Mécano 1922 1923 Ozoo
was adopted by the 3 architecture students – Henk Döll,
Francine Houben and Roelf Steenhuis – in 1981 with their
competition entry for flexible housing at Kruisplein, the former zoo
site of the Rotterdam Zoo.
12
the Netherlands
13
Mekel Park – Campus Delft University of Technology
Delft, the Netherlands 2004–2013
2004 2013
Campus
The Technical University of Delft gains a campus with undulating
lawns and colorful trees, a campus that invites one to stroll,
read, meditate, debate, eat and drink. Shaped like a bolt of
lightning the promenade links the faculty buildings with one 1,547m
another and symbolizes the interdisciplinary character of the
university. The promenade is playfully criss-crossed by a grid of
footpaths, reminiscent of Mikado sticks that have been scattered
randomly. The formerly sharp differences in height of the park
– the previous parking lots were at a lower grade – have been
transformed into gentle slopes. Existing trees have been saved or
moved as much as possible and form a ribbon winding through
the park. Flower Fields and Prunus trees gently announce
the spring. The introduction of tram line 19, connecting
Leidschendam with the Technical University via Delft Central
Station, establishes the campus as a car-free zone.
19
Nieuwe delft
Mekel Park is 800 meters long and 80 meters wide. Trams and
buses bring students, staff and visitors to 3 stops which are
designed in the same formal language as the promenade. Nieuwe
Delft is the name for this 832 meters long promenade, and
800m 80m
refers to the 1,315 meters long Oude Delft canal street in the city
center of Delft. The TU Delft chose to bring the quality of the city
of Delft to the campus. The Nieuwe Delft is made out of sawn 3
Opposite, both photos: Photos of
granite stones and is bordered by a granite bench that spans the
832m
Mekelweg in 1969. Photos courtesy of
entire 1,547 meters in length. Mecanoo.
Meeting place and proving ground 1,315m 1969

Mekel Park is the informal meeting place for (inter)national
students and staff of the TU, and is at the same time used as
a proving ground for the university. Annual proposals may be
submitted in applied engineering for a permanent changing
outdoor exhibition. Mekel Park is an ideal location for university
activities, such as Open Days and school Introduction Week.
Future changes to the faculty buildings provide a stronger campus
feel with the addition of shops, restaurants and cafes with terraces
placed in faculty building entry ways along Mekel Park.
14
607 Feature: Mekel Park – Campus Delft University
15
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo of Technology
21:04 Delft, the Netherlands
Opposite: A 832-meter-long promenade Technology seen in the foreground.
is built from sawn granite stone Photo by Siebe Zwart.
and is bordered by a 1,547-meter-
long granite bench. This page, top:
The park serves as an informal 832 m 1 , 547 m
meeting place for everyone at the
TU. This page, middle: The long
bench meanders throughout the park,
connecting 8 faculties. Photos on pp.
16–17 by Ossip van Duivenbode. pp. 8 18 19
18–19: Aerial view of Mekel Park,
with the Library Delft University of
Credits and Data

Project title: Mekel Park – Campus Delft University of Technology
Client: TU Delft Vastgoed
Location: Mekelweg, Delft, the Netherlands
Design: 2004–2006
Realization: 2007–2013
Architect: Mecanoo
Project area: 100,000 m2
Project estimate: 6,000,000 EUR
Site plan (scale: 1/6,000) 1/6,000
17
Library Delft University of Technology
1993 1998
Campus 40m
The fascinating site for the new library on the 1960s campus of 1960
the Delft University of Technology is overshadowed by a large,

brutalist concrete auditorium from Van den Broek & Bakema.
The university needed a campus atmosphere: lawns with flowers
and trees where students and professors meet informally on broad
stairs. A modern library is served by computers, most of the
books are stored in basements. It is a building where technique is
displayed. In this way the program was formulated.
Glass and grass

The Van den Broek & Bakema auditorium sits like a huge frog in
the green grass. The vast lawn is lifted on one edge like a sheet MDF
of paper and shapes the roof of the new library. The grass roof is
freely accessible for walking and lounging, creating a new amenity 4
for the whole campus. Glass Grass
The roof is supported by slender steel columns in a huge hall
enclosed with canted, fully glazed walls. The base of the slope
to the west is marked by a broad flight of steps leading up to
1
a recessed entrance. A huge cone pierces the green expanse.
Supported on splayed steel columns, the cone houses 4 levels of
traditional study spaces connected by a helical stair. Within the
cone, a central void provides daylight from a glazed roof to the
internal reading spaces. Extending 40 m above grade and floodlit
at night, the cone acts as a beacon on the campus day and night.
The new library reveals itself as a building of glass and grass.
Hanging bookcase
The interior of the library is characterized by an enormous
spaciousness, thanks particularly to the large, central hall. The
atmosphere in the building is warm. The floor has the color of the Opposite, top: Approach to the library
Sahara and the furniture is made of warm MDF board. The most with its iconic cone. Photo courtesy of
requested books are housed in a 4-story-high bookcase hanging in 4
Mecanoo.
front of a deep blue rear wall. The hard, metal ceiling is softened
by the light coming from the columns. The lower part of the
columns consists of gratings through which warm air is blown
into the building. Via glazed façades and interior walls, a necklace
of glazing is placed around the cone and the glazed roof at the
apex of the cone, daylight penetrates deep into the building. The
transparency that is thus created, makes the building bright and
surveyable.
South elevation
20
607 Feature: Library Delft University of Technology
21
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Delft, the Netherlands
21:04
This page, top: Silent study area in
the cone. This page, bottom: The
main hall of the library is defined
by its spaciousness. Photo courtesy
of Mecanoo. Opposite: A central void
within the cone provides daylight into
the reading spaces. Photos on pp. 22–
25 by Greg Holmes unless otherwise
noted.
22
Credits and Data
Project title: Library Delft University of Technology
Client: ING Real Estate, Delft University of Technology
Location: Prometheusplein 1, Delft, the Netherlands
Design: 1993–1995
Architect: Mecanoo
Collaborators: ABT b.v. (structural engineer), Ketel raadgevende ingenieurs
b.v. (mechanical engineer), Deerns raad-gevende ingenieurs b.v. (electrical
engineer), Van Oorschot Versloot Bouw b.v. / Boele van Eesteren V.O.F. (main
contractor), Scheldebouw Architectural Components (contractor for climate
wall)
Project estimate: 14,300,000 EUR
Long section (scale: 1/800) 1/800
Level 1 plan 1 Roof plan
Ground floor plan (scale: 1/1,600) 1/1,600 Level 3 plan 3
24
This page: The 4-story-high bookcase
hangs in front of a deep blue rear wall.
25
Nelson Mandela Park
Amsterdam, the Netherlands 2003–2011
2003 2011
607 Feature: Nelson Mandela Park
27
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Amsterdam, the Netherlands
21:04
Site plan
28
Differentiation
The Bijlmer area grew due to a large expansion of Amsterdam in 1960 70
the late 60s and 70s. The utopian modernism that underpinned
the plans for the neighborhood envisaged a metro system, a
road network free of crossings, uniform 13-story housing blocks
coupled with parking garages and extensive green spaces. In
practice, it delivered an unsafe neighborhood with problems. 13
Now re-branded Amsterdam Zuidoost, the neighborhood was
urged to provide a differentiated housing stock and improve
its management of the public realm. Part of this strategy is the
transformation of the Nelson Mandela Park into a new urban park
with 700 homes and 6 hectares of sporting facilities. Mecanoo’s
response to this brief has 3 main elements: the integration of
housing within the landscape, clear boundaries and entrances to
the park and an intensification of activities. 3
700 6ha
Romantic
Undulating strips of individual homes and apartments define the
3
edges of the park. The park was elevated 60 cm to mitigate the
dampness of the lower lying areas. The Bijlmer tree edge is the
transition between the park and residences: it is a fence made
of trees which were stripped of their bark and placed on steel
legs. The Nelson Mandela Park has 8 classic main entrances that
are characterized by 3 vertical gates which always remain open
on either side of a horizontal gateway. “Nelson Mandelapark”
is written in ironwork on the vertical gates, and the horizontal
gateways have names that refer to the surrounding neighborhoods
including: Entrance Huntum, Entrance Flierbos, Entrance Gooise 60cm
side, Entrance Kelbergen and Entrance Vogeltjeswei. Just by the
gates alone, the Nelson Mandela Park is set apart from the other
city parks. The Bijlmer paths wind fluidly throughout Nelson
Mandela Park and connect the “cultural” northern part of the 8 7m
park with the natural untouched part in the south. They pass by 3
and even underneath the Karspeldreef, occasionally intertwining
themselves with the sidewalks surrounding the Nelson Mandela
Park avenues. Nelson Mandela Park features a range of distinctive Nelson Mandelapark
trees, tall species like giant sequoia and fields of special trees such
as flowering magnolias. In Nelson Mandela Park you can see and
smell every season. The rolling parkland of the Nelson Mandela
Park together with the variety of plantings creates a spectacular pp. 26–27: Aerial view of the park.
Photo by Aerophoto Stock. Opposite,
experience throughout all seasons. Long sight lines can at times
first 4 photos, from top left to middle
provide surprising views within the park. left: The natural untouched part
in the south has a lot of water and
Attractive large fields. Opposite, last 5 photos,
Playing fields for organized sports are located in the middle of from middle center to bottom right:
A variety of recreation areas can be
the park. These artificial grass and turf fields are partially hidden
found towards the north side of the
from the houses by trees which are placed around them. Besides park. Photos on p. 28, top and middle
sports, many other attractions are placed within the park. Along row courtesy of Mecanoo. Photos on p.
the main path are 3 different esplanades, the Sports and Game 28, bottom row by Harry Cock.
esplanade, the Tribune esplanade and the Nature Esplanade
26 27
which all have their own identity and function. The Sport and 4
Game esplanade is organized as a major sports and game facility
in Southeast. A good view of the Great Meadow is provided by 5
the Tribune esplanade and can be enjoyed during the Kwakoe
festival or a football match. In the stands, visitors can bask in
the sunshine, read a book or relax. The Nature esplanade can
be enjoyed from the benches overlooking the natural pond. The Credits and Data
southern part of the park is a nature park with a lot of water, Project title: Nelson Mandela Park
large fields with colorful plants and several bridges and banks Client: District Amsterdam Zuidoost
and a deck over the water. There is also an over 7-meter high Location: Bijlmerpark, Zuidoost, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Design: 2003–2004
hill covered with butterfly bushes, and providing a magnificent Realization: 2009–2011
view. From this hill you can see along with the sun’s path through Architect: Mecanoo
Nelson Mandela Park. Project area: 320,000 m2 (site)
29
Spoorzone Dordrecht
Dordrecht, the Netherlands 2020–
2020
Dordrecht is a city with an extensive history and was the between the new residential buildings along the riverfront with
first city of Holland to receive city rights in 1220. Beautifully a view of the Oude Maas river and the city. The green estate
situated in the heart of nature found in the Dutch Delta, of Weizigtpark connects across the railway, enabling access
Dordrecht is also a city of innovation, trade, maritime industry into the city center through the greenery. Dordrecht Central
and culture. Both the city and the region are growing and Station will be the greenest station in the Netherlands and on
are facing major spatial challenges. The vision for Spoorzone the Oude Maas river people will live “with their feet on the
Dordrecht (railway zone) outlines a future picture for the city water” in a car-free neighborhood. A place where families and
in 2040. It represents spatial opportunities for the city in first-time-buyers can find a home close to work, amenities,
the fields of accessibility, climate adaptation, socioeconomic culture, with good accessibility by rail and water. The new
developments and the major challenge of housing. residential areas will be built entirely from wood sourced from
production forests on the island. This is one of the examples
From barrier to destination of strengthening a local and sustainable economy. The Health
The rail infrastructure does not seem to be the most obvious Park and the Learning Park will become an environment
place for the development assignment of approximately where education, innovation and good care further reinforce
6,000 homes and facilities. It currently constitutes a barrier each other.
in the city with noise and safety challenges arising from
freight transport. The vision transforms the railway into a A place that connects
pleasant destination and connects existing neighborhoods In 2040, the railway will no longer form a barrier in the city,
to new city districts with spectacular green areas. The area but will become a place to stay, a place of connectivity with
around the railway is easily accessible and is within close space for new developments. Dordrecht will be known as a city
vicinity to amenities, the historic city center, the river and of wood, of trade and innovation, the symbiosis of nature and
the countryside. The vision builds on the beauty of the urban development, water, events, sports, cycling and walking.
oldest city in Holland, the nature of the Dutch Delta, but also A city that shows how we can resolve the major challenges of
raw elements such as infrastructure, railways and industry. our time. Spoorzone Dordrecht will be the guiding principle
Places that are loved and places that are disliked will form an for the development of the city in the coming years. A
attractively coherent whole in 2040. development that consists of many stakeholders, such as the
residents, the province, NS (Netherlands Railway Company),
Residential areas of wood ProRail, Rijkswaterstaat (Ministry of Infrastructure and Water
In the vision, the Stadsbrug transforms from a motorway into Management), developers and knowledge institutions.
a high-level green city park. Here you can walk and cycle
This page, bottom: Dordrecht Central

Station will be the greenest station in
the Netherlands. Opposite: Masterplan.
Images on pp. 30–33 courtesy of
Mecanoo.
30
607 Feature: Spoorzone Dordrecht
31
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Dordrecht, the Netherlands
21:04
32
1220
2040
2040 NS
2040
6,000
Credits and Data

Project title: Spoorzone Dordrecht
Client: Gemeente Dordrecht (Municipality of Dordrecht)
Location: Dordrecht, the Netherlands
Design: 2020–2021
Realization: Ongoing
Architect: Mecanoo
Opposite, both images: The vision

transforms the railway into a pleasant
destination and connects existing
neighborhoods to new city districts
with spectacular green areas. This
page, bottom: View of the station.
33
Villa 4.0
Hilversum, the Netherlands 2008–2011
4.0
2008 2011
607 Feature: Villa 4.0
35
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Hilversum, the Netherlands
21:04
A simple bungalow dating from 1967 on a hexagonal ground 1967
plan had been radically altered and modified through the

years. Although this had made the house bigger, it had also
become increasingly inward-looking. The expanding wings
were steadily enclosing the heart of the house with the hall
and living quarters, and direct contact between the house and
the magnificent surroundings was largely lost. The original
detailing and material form were consistently adhered to during
all previous interventions but the result was now thoroughly
outmoded and of a poor technical quality. The house has now
been given its fourth look.
Preservation 4
The principle guiding this most recent intervention was to
create a more sustainable house that is able to reinstate the
lost relationship between it and the landscape. Keeping as close
as possible to preserving the existing house was the first step
towards a sustainable end-result. With the existing structure as
the basis, the outer walls and roofs were modernized by adding
insulation and replacing all windows and larger areas of glazing.
The walls in the central section of the house were removed
to create a new living hall looking out onto the surroundings
on 4 sides. In addition, the physical bond between house
and landscape has been consolidated by an all-glass pavilion
pp. 34–35: Approach to the villa. This
attached to the living hall that reaches out to the brook flowing page, bottom: 2 geometric roofs with
past the house. 4
sky openings bring natural light to
the interior. Opposite: The courtyard
Integration into the environment within the villa provides a feeling of
A floor heating system has been laid into the new concrete deck being surrounded by the landscape.
Photos on pp. 34–35, p. 39 by Pedro
floor that can heat or cool the rooms using low temperature Kok. Photos on pp. 37–38 by Marcel
heating. A second system has been installed in the bedroom van der Burg.
ceilings to facilitate additional cooling in summer. Another
source of cooling is by means of a roof-top pump that draws up 34 35
2
water from the brook and sprays it onto the roof. The living
room heats up quickly in winter by being oriented to the south
and having all-glass façades, and thus serves as a heat source for
the house as a whole. Ventilation of the house is premised on
the natural circulation of air throughout the building. The new
garden layout is informed as much as possible by the replanting
of existing trees and shrubs. This gives a greater openness to
the plot, but also privacy where this is required. The emphasis D
on sustainability facilitates the integration of the home into its

E
environment.
A
C
E
Volume of the existing villa

A
Existing walls
B
New walls
Plan (scale: 1/400) 1/400
36
Credits and Data
Project title: Villa 4.0
Client: Private
Location: Hilversum, the Netherlands
Design: 2008
Architect: Dick van Gameren (Mecanoo)
Collaborators: IDing (interior design), Michael van Gessel (landscape),
Bouwbedrijf L. Post en Zonen (contractor), Breed ID (structural engineer)
Section A A
Project area: 542 m2
Section B B
Section C C Section D D
Section E (scale: 1/400) E 1/400
38
Opposite, top: View from the heart
of the villa. This page: Kitchen and
dining area.
39
NS Journey of the future
the Netherlands 2019
2019
Noah Sophie Judith
visit
1 Home 99 grandchildren
transfer walk
7 66
rney
trai n jou 7
bike in the 6
station 8
estafette
3 5 5
meets Noah
2 4 4
Service
parking meets 3
Sophie drop-off point
shared
bike
e-
st pic
ep k-u
p 9 business
2 appointment
Home 1
Urban City Transfer Recreational

residential center area outskirts
area
The romance of different journeys – Noah, Sophie and Judith’s different experiences
The Digital Age and smart seamless mobility systems are changing User-centered mobility services put travelers in control
both the way we travel and our environment. The growing A seamless mobility system integrating public, shared, and private
demand and desire to travel bring new challenges and create transport is the way forward. The strategy to implement this plan
the opportunity for an important change in how people move is a human-centered service that looks at the door-to-door journey
through the urban environment. As a result, station surroundings from the passenger’s perspective. While traveling, people want to
and the routes to/from stations also need to adapt to future feel in control, enjoy an attractive, personalized experience and
needs. For the Dutch Railways (NS), the journey of the future have the freedom to use their travel time as they see fit. Offering
is a question for today. In the document “Public Transport in a variety of travel options and personalized mobility choices
2040”, the Dutch government and multiple stakeholders have set will provide a streamlined journey while raising sustainability
ambitious targets to improve public transport. Among these goals, awareness.
increasing capacity by 40% and offering a sustainable journey that
is 100% energy neutral. These will contribute to creating a highly Sharing economy and Mobility as a Service
attractive traveling experience. Our role is to successfully innovate The advent of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) offers travelers a joint
by transforming. Mecanoo believes that the best way to predict digital channel to plan, book, and pay for the entire trip. By
the future is to design it! integrating MaaS, passengers will face little or no inconvenience
when switching between various transport types, making their
journey attractive, comfortable, and personal. To create a seamless
40
21:04
607
1 Home
in the
station
POD
4 3 2
7 in the station
HUB 8
journey
6 train shared
trike
55 train journey
9
Visit parents
Mecanoo
Feature:
Polder Riverscape Forest Village Production
centre landscape
network covering public, private and shared transport for the

entire journey, Mecanoo identified 3 types of stations based on
the Netherlands
NS Journey of the Future
location and function: the City Center Station (Urban Core), the
Transfer Station (Urban Edge) and the Hub Station (Rural). Each
of these hubs comes with a specific character and impact on their
respective surroundings.
Urban setting, layout and peak passenger flows create different
challenges and offer distinct spatial design opportunities. A Credits and Data
key point of our design approach was keeping the public space Project title: NS Journey of the Future
Client: NS (Dutch Railways)
attractive while streamlining traffic flows. This required an Location: the Netherlands
integrated design of urban furniture, parking, and drop-off Design: 2019–2020
points to facilitate smart mobility solutions. Each mobility hub Architect: Mecanoo
incorporates a family of spatial elements with a common design Program: Study focused on the door-to-door journey from multiple
language and materiality to create a cohesive and inspiring station passengers perspectives, exploring how future seamless mobility
systems that integrate public, shared and private transport is
environment. These bespoke design solutions work hand in hand needed to meet ambitious targets of the government note “Public
with MaaS to provide an easily adaptable and personal door-to- Transport 2040” on sustainability, passenger satisfaction and
door passenger experience. capacity.
41
1RDK·V
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
customer
journey Preparation To the station At the station On the platform Boarding On the train Arrival station To your destination Upon arrival
Tailor-made advice Travel how it suits you A warm welcome Always connected Find the perfect place Adding value to your journey Services for every journey Green and convenient A single overview of your trip
Estafette
120 calories assigned enjoy a enjoy a HUB 0 calories
Which modality should I a enjoy the sun a short parking
a beverage
a Cafe beverage
a Quickest option
use for my first mile?
Bike-dock
120 calories premium machine buy lunch 19 km buy lunch HUB 0 calories
b enjoy the sun b close to the station
b or groceries 30 b Shop or groceries b Comfortable
17°C
Drop-off wall
WC
3 km
50 calories automated use the station 500 calories
200
19°C
c enjoy the sun c bike parking c amenities c check-out c Enjoy the sun
WC
0 calories have a use the station 120 calories
d POD avoid the rain
d park & walk
d meeting d amenities
d Cheapest choice
a b c d
Noah’s Experience – Urban center to rural setting
6RSKLH·V
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
customer
Estafette
120 calories assigned enjoy a enjoy a 100 calories
Which modality should I a enjoy the sun a short parking
a beverage
a Cafe beverage
a If not in a hurry
Step-dock
120 calories premium machine buy lunch 4 km buy lunch 30 calories
b enjoy the sun b close to the station
b or groceries 30 b Shop or groceries b Comfortable
17°C
Drop-off wall
WC
1 km
50 calories automated use the station 80 calories
0:04 c enjoy the sun c c amenities c check-out c
19°C step parking Enjoy the sun
WC
d POD avoid the rain
d park & walk
d TAXI
Convenient at night
a b c d
Sophie’s Experience – Urban center to urban edge
-XGLWK·V
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
customer
120 calories 100 calories

Which modality should I a enjoy the sun
a a enjoy a
a enjoy a
a If not in a hurry
walk beverage Cafe beverage
120 calories buy lunch 1 km buy lunch 30 calories
b enjoy the sun b or groceries 30 b Shop or groceries b Comfortable
17°C
WC
3 km 50 calories
0:20 c enjoy the sun c use the station c c 80 calories
amenities check-out Enjoy the sun
WC
d POD
avoid the rain
d TAXI
Convenient at night
a b c d
Judith’s Experience – Village center to urban edge
42
Designed for a spatial fit Combined functionality
MaaS Unrestrained viewing lines, organic, Solar panels, shelter, bench,
below shoulder height, integrated charging points, greenery
MaaS
NS
2040
Architecture
Industrial
design
40 100 3 Cityscaping
Design synergy Unified design language

Fits in architectural Open, dynamic, fluid, inclusive
design and cityscaping and affordant
MaaS
This page, top: A catalog of spatial

elements – designing a family of
attractive solutions to facilitate MaaS.
This page, bottom: Vision of a “city
center station”. Images on pp. 40–43
courtesy of Mecanoo.
Maas
43
NS Vision Interior Train of the Future
the Netherlands 2017–2018
2017 2018
Every year, 373 million travelers spend their time in NS trains. 3 7,300
In NS’s (the Dutch National Railway Company) future vision for NS
2025, the train will be more than a means of transport. Travel NS 2025
time will become more attractive and will be part of travelers’
“own time”. Mecanoo architects and furniture maker Gispen
were asked by NS to collaboratively shape this vision. The result
is a flexible and modular train interior that enables a wide
variety of configurations and facilitates train passengers’ diverse NS
activities.
Travel time is own time 12

Every traveler and every journey is unique. Mecanoo and
Gispen, in cooperation with NS, have mapped train passengers’
activities. Based on this research 6 activity zones were defined,
ranging from open and social to private and concentrated. These
activity zones are differentiated by varying arrangements of 12
furniture modules. The modules include both current and new
NS
train interior elements and configurations. A dynamic travel
NS
landscape is created with various seating, “stit” (sit-stand or
leaning) and standing places where every traveler can find a
place that suits them depending on their activity, travel time,
group size, luggage and required facilities.
6
The new train interior facilitates a wide range of activities. It
is comfortable, accessible and welcoming to everyone. These
qualities coincide perfectly with Gispen’s experience in furniture 12
making and with Mecanoo’s experience in the architectural

and interior design of museums, libraries, schools and offices. This page, bottom: Physical model.
Opposite, top: The train of the future
The result is an innovative train concept that makes traveling a will be a dynamic, open environment
whole new experience. stit
that permits all kinds of passenger
activities. Images on pp. 44–45
Sustainable mobility of the future courtesy of Mecanoo.
With the flexible 12-module furniture system, a suitable
combination can be made for every type of train for an optimal
travel environment. The elements have a completely circular
production model. The fabrics are reusable and the modules can
be easily disassembled and are interchangeable. The NS thus
flexibly accommodates travelers’ needs and is prepared for the
sustainable mobility of the future.
Credits and Data

Project title: NS Vision Interior Train of the Future
Client: NS (Dutch Railways)
Location: the Netherlands
Design: 2017–2018
Architect: Mecanoo, Gispen
Program: Flexible and modular train interior that enables a wide variety of
configurations and facilitates train passengers’ diverse activities. With the
flexible 12-module furniture system, a suitable combination can be made for
every type of train for an optimal travel environment.
44
607 Feature: NS Vision Interior Train of the Future
45
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo the Netherlands
21:04
12-module furniture system configurations 12

Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
Rotterdam, the Netherlands 2019–
2019
The Mecanoo Wing: Catalyst and Connector from a castle to a museum, where inside and outside intertwine.
Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen has a unique international It therefore feels natural and organic. It is precisely in contrast
collection. Boijmans considers the wings of the architects Van that it enters into a harmonious composition with the wings of
der Steur (1935, national monument) and Bodon (1972, national Van der Steur and Bodon. The Mecanoo passage creates a new
monument in proceedings) as part of the collection. Both wings Museum Park entrance with the introduction of a Park Pavilion in
are restored to their original strength and with the addition of the the current parking lot of the villas on the Westersingel. This Park
Mecanoo wing, the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen ensemble Pavilion will have a partly double-height exhibition space. It is a
is transformed into a beautifully clear complex with good logistics new experience for visitors: from above you can experience art
for both visitors and the back of house. The Museum Garden is from the public passage without a ticket. The Park Pavilion also
also undergoing a metamorphosis. houses the restaurant with a view over the Museum garden.
Over the years, the museum has become a maze due to the many
renovations. The entrance is difficult to find, the public has Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen as a catalyst for the
poor orientation and gets lost. The logistics of the back of house Museum Park
have always been very problematic. There is a lot of asbestos The new Boijmans is a catalyst for a stronger connection and
in challenging places. Boijmans has no front and the Museum cooperation with the surrounding institutions in the Museum
Garden in the Museum Park feels like it is positioned at the rear. Park: Depot, Nieuwe Instituut, Kunsthal, Natural History, Chabot
Museum and Arminius. With its Museumpark, Museum Boijmans
Museum public passage Van Beuningen will become a place for people of Rotterdam and
Mecanoo introduces a transparent passage, meandering visitors to the city. This is how Rotterdam presents its culture park
organically between the buildings of Van der Steur and Bodon. A at an international level. With the renewed Museum Boijmans Van
public passage from city to park and from park to city. Boijmans Beuningen as a central player and in the role of connector.
is transforming from introvert to extrovert, from closed to open,
This page, left: Aerial render Opposite:

Concept diagram. Images on pp.
46–49 courtesy of Mecanoo.
46
607 Feature: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
47
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Rotterdam, the Netherlands
21:04
48
2
1935
1972
Opposite, top: View of the museum

from the park. Opposite, bottom:
Passage connector. This page, top: City
entrance. This page, middle: Courtyard
view.
Credits and Data

Project title: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
Client: Gemeente Rotterdam, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
Location: Museumpark 18, 3015 CX Rotterdam
Design: 2019–2020
Realization: Ongoing Passage connector and logistics circulation diagram
Architect: Mecanoo
49
Villa Industria Silo’s
Hilversum, the Netherlands 2004–2018
2004 2018
Recognizable identity
With its characteristic industrial buildings, the former site of
the Regional Energy Supply Company in Hilversum has always
had its own identity. The gasworks site was originally situated
outside the city perimeter, but gradually became enclosed by
residential developments. With the relocation of the gasworks,
the opportunity arose to redevelop the site and give it a new
name: Villa Industria. Mecanoo created a masterplan for 357
homes – partly affordable housing, partly owner-occupied, small-
scale businesses and sporting facilities. Inspired by the industrial 357
heritage of the site, the area has a recognizable identity once
again.
Green environment
The urban plan prioritizes public space for pedestrians and
cyclists. Recessed parking throughout the site frees up space for
a green environment with water features and a centrally located
park. An eye-catching ensemble of 3 cylindrical residential
buildings refers to the old gasometers which once stood on the
site. The existing swimming pool has been recladded in brick,
steel and glass, so it fits the aesthetics of the new building. Robust
steel columns support a new sports hall and fitness center which
has been built on top of the swimming pool. Modern homes with
3
semi-circular roofs are situated on the site of a former warehouse
with a similar shape. The buildings at the perimeter of Villa
Industria have the same height as the surrounding residential
area. The courtyards consist of private gardens with an intimate
character.
Coherence and diversity

The architecture of Villa Industria has a harmonious
materialization, a sculptural design language, and industrial Credits and Data
Project title: Villa Industria Silo’s
detailing. Cool materials, such as steel and glass are combined Client: Heijmans and De Alliantie
with warm materials like red to red-brown bricks with subtle Location: Jan van der Heijdenstraat 174-190, Hilversum
relief. The application of the same bricks for each building creates Design: 2004–2015
coherence, whilst variations in the brick sizes and masonry Realization: 2007–2018
techniques, ornaments and special objects provide diversity. Architect: Mecanoo
Collaborators: ABT b.v. / Goudstikker de Vries (structural engineer), Viac
The details of each building refer to the particular history of the Installatieadviseurs (mechanical and electrical engineer), Nex2us (building
gasworks site and contribute to the industrial character of the physics consultant), Berend Strik (artist)
new neighborhood. Project area: 74,000 m2
50
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Villa Industria Silo’s
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Opposite, both images: Villa Industria

is the redevelopment of the former
site of the Regional Energy Supply
Company in Hilversum. This page, top:
The 3 cylindrical residential buildings
are where the old gasometers once
stood on the site. Photos on pp. 50–51
P
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51
St. Gerlach Pavilion & Manor Farm
Valkenburg Aan De Geul, the Netherlands 2013–2017
2013 2017
Credits and Data

Project title: St. Gerlach Pavilion & Manor Farm
Client: Landgoed Corneli II B.V.
Location: Joseph Corneli Allée 1, 6301KK Valkenburg aan de Geul, the
Netherlands
Design: 2013–2015
Realization 2015–2017
Architect: Mecanoo
Collaborators: Palte (structural engineer), Huygen Installatie Adviseurs
(mechanical engineer), LievenseCSO (advisor acoustics), Huygen Installatie
Adviseurs (building physics, fire safety), HVN architecten (restoration
architect), Coppes/van de Ven (main contractor)
607 Feature: St. Gerlach Pavilion & Manor Farm
53
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Valkenburg Aan De Geul, the Netherlands
21:04
Château St. Gerlach is an estate near Maastricht, situated in the
middle of the hilly Limburg countryside: a unique complex with
a luxury hotel, restaurant and spa. Mecanoo designed an elegant
pavilion which balances the historic buildings on the site. The
pavilion completes the ensemble of the Château (1661), the St.
Gerlachus Church (1727), the Farmstead (1759) and the Manor
Farm (1668). The estate is now clearly visible from the public
road, and has gained new significance for the village of Houthem.
Generous cantilevered roof

The transparent, state-of-the-art pavilion has a cantilevered roof
with a beautiful curve. From the pavilion, guests will have views
over the château, the hills, the meadow and the manor farm. The
materials used are inspired by the natural surrounding of Limburg:
marlstone, bluestone and oak. The 3 large multifunctional
meeting rooms can be used separately or combined, offering a
unique location for a variety of meetings and events.
Manor farm
The manor farm, a national monument from 1668, has been
renovated to house small meeting rooms, as well as a café to
have lunch or coffee. This new public function serves the local
community. An intimate “village square” between the pavilion
and the manor farm can be used as an outdoor extension of the
foyer.
1668
Concept sketch
1661
1727 1759
1668
pp. 52–53: View of the historic

buildings on site from the new
pavilion. This page: Aerial view.
Photo by Air Vision. Opposite, top:
The elegantly curved roof and glazed
façade of the pavilion blends with its
environment. Opposite, bottom: The
“village square” between the pavilion
and the manor farm can be used as
an extension of the foyer. Images on
pp. 52–57 courtesy of Mecanoo unless
otherwise noted.
52 53
3
Site plan (scale: 1/3,500) 1/3,500
54
55
Ground floor plan (scale: 1/500) 1/500
This page, bottom: Interior view of the

pavilion. Photo by Etienne van Sloun.
Opposite, top: The courtyard of the
manor farm. Opposite, bottom: The
lunch café in the manor farm provides
a new public function for its local
community.
56
Second floor plan of Manor Farm 3
First floor plan of Manor Farm (scale: 1/500)

2 1/500
North elevation (scale: 1/500) 1/ 500
Short section (scale: 1/500) 1/500
57
Office Villa Maliebaan 16
Utrecht, the Netherlands 1996–2000
16
1996 2000
History Root level

In 1897, the architect S. J. de Rooy designed a home for Outside, the lawn has been lifted a little to make room for an
himself in the monumental Maliebaan in Utrecht. The detached underground extension with 2 patios. In this way, the garden
residence has 2 stories and a large garden. Since 1931 the can be maintained. The oak ship’s floor has been continued
house has had several inhabitants. In 1988 the management down over the easy stairs and leads to the underground
consultancy Andersson Elffers Felix housed its offices in the extension. This pavilion consists of 2 large rooms and 2 patios. A
building. In the course of the last 50 years all the spaciousness 40-meter-long wooden wall with cupboards forms the boundary
has gradually been removed from the villa. The ceilings were on the south side. The northern wall is made of smoothly cast
lowered, and the premises expanded by 1.20 m on the garden concrete and catches the sunlight. All the other walls are made
side. A stairway, from the 70s, stands awkwardly beside it. of glass. In the patio one can experience – at root level – the
Currently the zoning plan of the Maliebaan states that the huge dimensions of the centuries-old chestnut trees. Next to the
historical characteristics of the buildings should be preserved, open concrete staircase, a little distance from the concrete wall,
and no building works be executed in the gardens. the sculpture by Klaas Gubbels is set in the gravel. Now and
then, the sun creates a fantastic play of shadows, giving rise to a
A villa to work in second work by the same artist.
The characteristics of a villa are given prominence once again.
The house must above all become a villa, not an office; a villa to
work in and – who knows? – to live in later on: durable through
the ages. A spacious hall filled with daylight through the new
windows, and a large wooden staircase forms the heart of the
building. The use of warm colors and materials with plenty of
contrasts and the beautiful daylight that is filtered through the Credits and Data
Project title: Office Villa Maliebaan 16
trees turn the villa into a house where it is pleasant to work. Client: Andersson Elffers Felix
Each of the 3 floors has its own characteristics: the ground floor Location: Maliebaan 16, Utrecht, the Netherlands
is like a ship’s deck, with oak planks and wenge borders; the Design: 1996–1997
first story has an intense blue carpet; and the attic has stainless Realization:1998–2000
steel floor plates that reflect the special light and leaves from Architect: Mecanoo
Collaborators: ABT b.v. (structural engineer), Adviesbureau Hendriks b.v.
outside. The entire northern wall is covered with floor-to-ceiling (mechanical engineer), Van Zoelen b.v. (contractor)
cupboards. Flexible workstations are the principle and the Project area: 980 m2
kitchen is the meeting place for everyone. Project estimate: 2,000,000 EUR
This page, bottom: The new

extension consists of an office space
and a conference room underground.
Opposite: View of the villa from the
garden, with the first patio seen in
the foreground. Photos on pp. 58–61
by Christian Richters.
58
607 Feature: Ofﬁce Villa Maliebaan 16
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ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Utrecht, the Netherlands
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This page, both images: Interior views
of the underground office space.
Opposite: Entrance to the underground
extension from the villa.
60
1897 S J
2
2
1931
1988
50
1.20m 1970
2
2 2
40m
61
Delft City Hall and Train Station
2006 2017
Arriving in Delft is an unforgettable experience. From the outset, hall. Within the station hall, walls and columns are adorned
Mecanoo’s idea was to design a station that makes it identifiable with a contemporary reinterpretation of Delft Blue tiles. You
to visitors that they have arrived in Delft. The station, together can walk directly from the station into the city hall. The glass
with the new city hall, sits atop a new train tunnel built in place skin of the building is designed to reflect the Dutch skies. Panels
of the old concrete viaduct that divided the city into 2 since of fused glass with lens-like spheres reference a vernacular
1965. Coming up the escalators, the impressive ceiling with the window design that can be seen throughout the historic city.
historic map of Delft unfolds. And as you gaze outside, you will The combination and rhythm of the open panels of high
see the city and the old station as a contemporary version of performance glass and closed fused glass panels enable a high
Johannes Vermeer’s painting “View of Delft”. degree of energy efficiency.
Interweaving the past and future Contextually compact

The city of Delft reflects its past: the multitude of historic Throughout the design process, the building volume has been
buildings and canals; the Prinsenstad city, closely connected to the shaved and reformed to create a compact, highly efficient
Dutch Royal Family; and, of course, the world-famous Delftware building form. The lowered roof lines at the corners provide a
ceramic factories. On the other hand, the Delft University of gradual transition towards the existing small-scale development
Technology is at the forefront of technical innovation. The of the Delft city center and the adjacent Wester Quarter. The
character of Delft, epitomized in this combination of past and building connects the historic inner city on the east side of the
future, was the starting point for the design. railway tunnel with the residential neighborhoods located on
the west – realigning the center of Delft. Incisions in the glass
Delft Blue volume of the city hall building form a pattern of alleyways
A vaulted ceiling features an enormous historic 1877 map of and courtyards, which are themselves inspired by the intricate
Delft and its surroundings – connecting the station with the city structure of Delft.
This page: Photo reference of tiles station. Photos on pp. 62–67 courtesy
in Delft Blue. Opposite: The original of Mecanoo.
map of Delft reflected on the station’s
ceiling. p. 64, top: View of the station
atrium. The Delft map printed onto 64
a contemporary reinterpretation of
the Delft Blue tiles can be seen on the
ceiling. p. 64, bottom: The entrance to 64
the city hall can be seen on the left. 65
p. 65, top: Interior view, west of the
62
607 Feature: Delft City Hall and Train Station
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ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Delft, the Netherlands
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1965
2
1877
64
Credits and Data
Project title: Delft City Hall and Train Station
Client: Ontwikkelingsbedrijf Spoorzone Delft B.V.
Location: Markt 87, 2611 GS Delft, the Netherlands
Design: 2006–2010
Realization: 2012–2017 (completion of station hall and the first phase of the city
hall, 2015)
Architect: Mecanoo (main), Benthem Crouwel Architects (underground station
platforms)
Collaborators: ABT B.V. (structural engineer), Deerns Raadgevende Ingenieurs
B.V. (mechanical engineer), Basalt Bouwadvies B.V. (cost consultant), LBP
Sight (building physics, fire safety), Geerdes Ontwerpen (graphics ceiling)
Project area: 28,320 m2 (total area), 19,430 m2 (city hall)
Section perspective
65
66
Third floor plan 4
1. Train station hall

2. City hall
Opposite, both photos: Office space.

This page, top: General view from
along the canal. This page, bottom:
Open public plaza in front of the
station.
2
1
Public area
Commercial / private area
Ground floor (scale: 1/1,200) 1/1,200
67
Urban Villa Myriad
Amsterdam, the Netherlands 2003–2009
2003 2009
Myriad stands out from the other urban villas in the inner area
of the Funenpark grounds due to its varied programme. The
6-story building contains 12 four and five-room dwellings and
10 smaller two and three-room apartments. The block with 22
apartments is made up of 13 different types of dwellings.
13 types of dwellings
The larger apartments were constructed as single-family
6 x maisonnette
residences. The 6 maisonettes at ground level each have an
outer area bordering the green car-free space between the
residential blocks. The other 6 family residences are detached
houses located on the roof of the fourth story. A small square on
the roof, containing trees and a few paths, connect these houses
with the centrally located area where stairways and lift can be
accessed. Each of the 2 stories situated in between contains 5
2 x 5 apartments
apartments located on opposite sides of an inner passageway
that stretches from façade to façade.
Individuality and communality

The way the building block was constructed is evident on the
outside: the 12 family dwellings stand out due to the variety of
colors used in the brick façades and masonry bond patterns,
thus emphasizing their individual characters. The 2 intermediate
stories, on the other hand, suggest the communal character of
an apartment complex: continuous glass fronts between strips of
preformed steel create a neutral filter between the city and the
apartment.
6 x maisonnette
Facing the park

Blocks Tunga and Syntax are 2 identical apartment buildings
with 3 stories resting on a semi-underground storage level on the
edge of Funenpark. 10 apartments and a maisonette are located
around a central area that gives stairway and lift access. The
apartments’ outdoor areas face the park as much as possible.
Credits and Data

Project title: Urban Villa Myriad
Client: Heijmans Vastgoed
Location: Funenpark, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Design: 2003
Architect: Mecanoo
Collaborators: Heijmans Woningbouw (contractor), Berkhout Tros Bouwadviseurs
(structural engineer), Jarno van Essen, Mark Sloof / Sebastiaan Kaal /
Maarten Peters (project assistants), Frits van Dongen – de Architecten Cie
(urban planning)
Urban Villa Myriad Scheme Project area: 2,000 m2
68
607 Feature: Urban Villa Myriad
69
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
6
4 5 12
2 3
10 22
13 2
3
1. Funenpark
2. Czaar Peterstraat
3. Cruquiuskade 13 10 1
4. Keerwal
5. Spoordijk
p. 69: Maisonettes at ground floor level

each have an outdoor area bordering
the green car-free space. This page,
2 5 top: The 6-story building contains
22 apartments across 13 types of
dwellings. Opposite, right: Interior
view. Photos on pp. 69–71 by Marcel
van der Burg.
69
12
6 13 22
Site plan (scale: 1/5,000) 1/5,000
70
Fifth floor plan 6
Second and third floor plan 3 4
First floor plan 2
Ground floor plan (scale: 1/400) 1/400 Long section (scale: 1/400) 1/400
71
FiftyTwoDegrees
Nijmegen, the Netherlands 2004–2007
2004 2007
607 Feature: FiftyTwoDegrees
73
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Nijmegen, the Netherlands
21:04
Knowledge center Kink
At the start of the new millennium, Philips Semiconductors 2000 17 8
(now NXP) wanted to expand its current production and research NXP 10
site in Nijmegen by creating a new knowledge center for the
development of semiconductors for the electronics industry. The
existing production site is sealed off and fenced in for security
reasons. The new knowledge center, where technology, science,
culture, work, living and leisure come together, fosters chance
encounters and collaboration with diverse parties. The name of 1 1
the complex, FiftyTwoDegrees, refers to the site’s 52nd degree
of latitude, which like the ambition of the initiators, spans the
entire world.
Link FiftyTwoDegrees
FiftyTwoDegrees is the realization of the first phase of a large- 52
scale master plan surrounding the Neerbosscheweg. The
86-meter-tall tower stands on a slope and is fluidly yet excitingly
absorbed into surrounding Goffert Park. The second phase will
see the ground level overarch the Neerbosscheweg, creating a
Link
direct link with the city, the Goffert stadium and the new Goffert
light rail station. Under the grassed roof are parking spaces for
600 cars, various commercial facilities and a covered Plaza with
1 86m
shops and restaurants. Conference rooms, a theater, a hotel,
sports facilities and shops are due to be added to the complex in
the second phase. pp. 72–73: The lower 8 floors of the
2
17-stories-high tower are 10 degrees
Kink out of plumb to create an inviting
The tower is 17 stories high. The lower 8 floors are 10 degrees gesture towards the city. Opposite, top:
Office. Opposite, middle: Reception
out of plumb, creating an inviting gesture towards the city. The
hall. Photos on pp. 72–74 by Christian
bent form was created by the hybrid construction of concrete 600
Richters unless otherwise noted. Photo
and steel, whereby for each intermediate floor the elevation on p. 74, middle courtesy of Mecanoo.
shifts in relation to the concrete cores. In order to shorten the 2
72 73 17 8
construction time – one floor per week – it was decided to use
10
prefabricated cladding, resulting in a pattern of pixels that gives
the façade an abstract appearance. A broad staircase leads from
the Esplanade to the reception hall with its conspicuously curved
wooden benches. The undulating wall clad with mahogany
represents a visually connecting element that automatically
indicates the route through the building. The office and
laboratory floors can be flexibly subdivided. The use of climate
ceilings allows the climate to be regulated for each workstation
so that the spaces can adapt to the organisation of new products
being developed.
75
Maritime Center Rotterdam
Rotterdam, the Netherlands 2020–
2020
The iconic Maritime Center Rotterdam will be located in the

middle of the water on the Rijnhaven. The organic building
contrasts with the rational, industrial design of the port. It is
elegant, versatile and invites you to discover. The triple helix of
the international maritime world comes together in this center:
the past, present and future. It will be a place for maritime
entrepreneurs, science and culture. The center will be accessible
to the public and will create a place to stay, on and in the water,
with a view of the surrounding port.
The Maritime Center Rotterdam will form a key element of the
“Rondje Rijnhaven” and the jetty path from the Wilhelminaplein
towards Katendrecht; creating a walk along the quays of the RED
Rijnhaven and connecting to the planned network of paths
along and on the water. Part of the building will be underwater.
As a result, the building offers an extensive program without
becoming too large for the port in terms of size and scale. At low
tide, the part of the building submerged underwater also becomes
visible, making the tidal difference of 1.5 to 2 m tangible. In
21
addition to logistics spaces, the underwater world is also suitable
for exhibitions, with ideal indirect lighting by means of round
skylights that protrude above the water.
A multi-layered route that runs under, along, over and through
the Maritime Center gives shape to the design and structures the
organization of the building. An elegant ribbon winds around the
pavilions and stimulates interaction between different program
1.5m 2m This page, bottom left: Aerial render.
components.
This page, bottom right: Approach to
In the near future, the Rijnhaven will undergo a thorough the building. Opposite: Twilight view
transformation. The water will be more frequently used, and the from sea. Image on p. 76, bottom left,
port must allow for a range of activities. New construction will p. 77, top and bottom left by RED
completely change the skyline around the port, but also intensify Company. Image on p. 76, bottom
right by Plomp.
it programmatically. Central to the developments in the port is
the Maritime Center, acting as a pivot for activities and a catalyst
for this area.
The Maritime Center Rotterdam is part of the development vision
for the Codrico Terrain drawn up by RED Company. With the
approval of the development vision by the Board, the plan will be
further developed and dialogue will be initiated with local parties.
This is a giant leap towards a complete Katendrecht and the
Rijnhaven as a new Rotterdam city center for the 21st century.
76
21:04
607 Mecanoo
Feature:
Credits and Data
Project title: Maritime Center Rotterdam
Location: Rijnhaven, Rotterdam
Design: 2020
Realization: Ongoing
Architect: Mecanoo
Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Maritime Center Rotterdam
Masterplan Axonometric drawing
77
Kaap Skil, Maritime and Beachcombers Museum
Texel, the Netherlands 2007–2011
2007 2011
607 Feature: Kaap Skil, Maritime and Beachcombers
79
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Museum
21:04 Texel, the Netherlands
Tourist attraction
The island of Texel is situated in the Waddenzee (Wadden Sea)
and is the largest of the Dutch Wadden Islands. Every year over a 100
million tourists visit the island, which is only accessible by plane, 2
boat or ferry. The showpiece of the museum is an 18-meter long, 2
4-meter deep model of the Reede van Texel, displaying in great
detail the impressive spectacle of the dozens of ships anchored off 18m 4m
the coast of Wadden Island.
Typical gable roofs 2

The museum is designed with 4 playfully linked gabled roofs that
interpret the rhythm of the surrounding roof tops, which seen
from the sea, resemble waves rising out above the dyke. “The sea
takes away and the sea provides” – this is a saying that the people 4
of Texel know very well. For hundreds of years they have made
grateful use of driftwood from stranded ships or wrecks to build
their houses and barns. The wooden façade of Kaap Skil is a good
example of this time-hallowed tradition of recycling. The vertical
wooden slats are made of sawn hardwood sheet-piling from the
North Holland Canal and have been given a new life just like the pp. 78–79: General view of the
objects in the museum collection. From within, the glass façade museum. This page, bottom: The
in front of the wooden slats allows an inviting view of the outdoor museum’s 4 gabled roofs echoes the
museum terrain and the famous North Holland skies to visitors rhythm of the surrounding rooftops of
Oudeschild village. Opposite: Close-
of the museum café. Inside the building the slats cast a linear
up view of the façade. The vertical
pattern of daylight and shadow creating an atmosphere infused wooden boards are made of sawn
with light and shelter. hardwood sheet-piling from the North
Holland Canal. Photos on pp. 78–79,
Daylight and artificial light p.83 by Thijs Wolzak. Photos on p. 80,
p. 82 courtesy of Mecanoo. Photo on.
The entrance and the museum café form a natural frontier
p. 81 by Christian Richter.
between the world of the Reede van Texel in the basement and
that of the underwater archaeology on the first floor. The contrast 78 79
between the 2 worlds is reinforced by the different experiences 4
of light and space. In the basement visitors are drawn around the
exhibition by projections and animations, creating an intimate
space that harbors a sense of mystery. On the first floor the North
Holland sky floods the objects on display with light. The movable
showcases of robust steel frames and glass create a transparent
effect so that the objects in the collection seem to float within
the space. Under the high gabled roofs the visitor is empowered
to witness the sizable collection, the museum grounds and the
village of Oudeschild in one glance.
Heemskerckstraat
Site plan (scale: 1/1,500) 1/1,500
80
82
First floor plan 2
Credits and Data

Project title: Kaap Skil, Maritime and Beachcombers Museum
Client: Maritiem & Jutters Museum
Location: Heemskerckstraat 9, Oudeschild, Texel, the Netherlands
Design: 2007–2009
Architect: Mecanoo
Collaborators: Kossmann.dejong (museum interior design), ABC Management
Groep (project management), Pieters Bouwtechniek (structural engineer),
Peter Prins (mechanical and electrical engineer), Bouwcombinatie De Geus /
Duin Bouwbedrijf (contractors), Pieter Dros (sawmills for wooden cladding of
façades)
Short section
Basement floor plan
Opposite, top: Openings on the roof

bring natural light into the exhibition
space. Opposite, bottom: View of the
stairs that leads to the basement. This
page: Projections and animations are
used in the basement floor’s exhibition.
83
Villa Vught
Vught, the Netherlands 2016–2019
2016 2019
84
607 Feature: Villa Vught
85
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Vught, the Netherlands
21:04
Reinterpreting the Dutch farm typology a grass mound, links the taller landmark volume with the
The Villa in the Dutch countryside near Vught gives a barn’s living room. The barn containing the cooking studio and
contemporary twist to the local farmstead typology. Traditionally, guesthouse, is completely detached, maintaining sightlines from
the Dutch “hoeve” is an ensemble of farmhouses and living the courtyard to the surrounding landscape.
quarters loosely clustered around a courtyard. The central open
space is protected, yet open to the surrounding landscape. This Warm materials and framed views
spatial arrangement guided the design of the Villa. The Villa’s construction and detailing also emulate the Dutch
The Villa’s functions are distributed within 3 distinct volumes, “hoeve” or farmstead. The exterior dark bronze anodized
shaped to resemble the vernacular of a small village. The 2 lower aluminum cladding, chosen to seamlessly extend beyond the
volumes are shaped like typical gabled barns directly connected façade to the rooftop, is profiled to resemble the corrugated
to the surrounding gardens. The higher volume captures the view iron roofs of nearby farm buildings. The window frames,
of the wide landscape and forms a striking contrast with the lower which traditionally have a brighter color, have a lighter bronze
buildings. aluminum finish. Throughout each building, views towards the
landscape are carefully framed. Rather than making wide full-
Functional arrangement height openings, windows are placed like picture frames, adorning
The tallest element, the most prominent building, contains the the walls with selected images of the surrounding farmlands.
master bedroom on the ground floor, children’s rooms on the Wood is used for both the structure and interior finish, a material
upper floors and a roof terrace at the top. Of the 2 barns, one is that is sustainable and visually warm.
furnished as a living room, kitchen with dining area and large
veranda on the south-west side, with a workspace and playroom
on the first floor. The other barn features a cooking studio for
culinary classes, workshops and team-building activities. Next to Credits and Data
the studio is a garage, storage area and a guest suite on the first Project title: Villa Vught
floor. Large sliding doors in the center can be opened to reveal an Client: Private
entrance gate to the courtyard. Location: Vught, Netherlands
Design: 2016–2018
The design ambition endeavored to connect the residential Realization: 2018–2019
functions while maintaining the detached traditional farmstead Architect: Mecanoo
typology. To this end, a half-sunken corridor, concealed beneath Project area: 683 m2
pp. 84–85: Side entrance to the villa.

This page: View of the villa in the
Dutch countryside. Opposite: Plan
view of the villa. Photos on pp. 84–91
by Ossip van Duivenbode.
84 85
86
88
C
NW
A
B
W
C
B
Northwest elevation (scale: 1/300) 1/300
3
2
2
2
Section A A
Opposite, top: Kitchen in the larger

2
of the 2 barns. Opposite, bottom:
Children’s room on the first floor. This
page, bottom: Concept sketch.
2
2
Section B (scale: 1/300) B 1/300
West elevation of cooking studio (scale: 1/300)

1/300
Section C (scale: 1/300) C 1/300
89
Second floor plan 3
First floor plam 2
This page, both images: Staircase in

the larger of the 2 barns. The door
seen in the back of the photo leads to
the master bedroom. Opposite: The
other smaller barn features a cooking
studio for culinary classes, workshops
and team-building activities.
90
91
Keukenhof
Lisse, the Netherlands 2013–2016
2013 2016
607 Feature: Keukenhof
93
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Lisse, the Netherlands
21:04
Keukenhof finally has a proper main entrance. Mecanoo designed
an elegant gatehouse to welcome the large flows of, mainly
international, visitors to the world-famous gardens. A striking
timber roof leans on 2 volumes, forming an impressive gateway
to the park. The stepped roof structure of interwoven isosceles
triangles provides shelter, whilst creating an ever-changing play of
light and shadow.
From the outside world to the world of flowers

The gatehouse is the transition between the outside world and
the world of Keukenhof and all its flowers. While walking through
the entrance, you will see the beautiful Dutch skies above framed
by timber triangles. Look down and you will see an intriguing
pattern of triangular shadows on the ground. A fence with a tulip
motif marks the beginning of a journey of discovery through the
park.
Integral design
The integral design for the entrance area includes 2 plazas. A
forecourt with wedge-shaped planters leads visitors from the main
car park to the entrance. The stepped roof leans on 2 volumes,
forming an impressive gateway to the park. The gatehouse houses
public functions such as cash registers, an information desk and
retail. Skylights in the roof create a spacious and light atmosphere
in the restaurant. The office spaces on the first floor, used year-
round, offer extending views over the park.
Spring
The use of natural materials – wood, copper and brick, lends
character to the building without being a distraction from its
environment. On a beautiful spring day, the glazed façade can be
opened almost entirely, blending the interior with the exterior.
Ponds with fountains provide a suitable ambiance for a pleasant
day out and sitting on the spacious terraces, visitors are treated to
views over the largest tulip field inside the “most beautiful spring
garden in the world”.
Diagram of roof structure
Credits and Data

Project title: Keukenhof
Client: Stichting Internationale Bloemententoonstelling Keukenhof
Location: Stationsweg, Lisse, the Netherlands
Design: 2013–2015
Architect: Mecanoo
Collaborators: Frans de Brabander (project management), IMD bv (structural
engineer), DWA (mechanical and electrical engineer), Van Wijnen (contractor)
Site plan Project area: 3,200 m2, 13,500 m2 (landscape)
94
95
2
2
This page, top: The atrium is filled with

2 natural light coming in through the
roof.
First floor plan 2
97
Netherlands Open Air Museum
Arnhem, the Netherlands 1995–2000, 2014–2015, 2017
1995 2000 2014 2015 2017
Founded in 1912, the Netherlands Open Air Museum is splendidly

situated in the rolling landscape of the woods near Arnhem.
The museum park comprises 44 hectares and shows dwellings
from different periods and regions. In order to make visiting the
museum less dependent on the weather, Mecanoo was asked to
design not only an indoor exhibition space, but also an entrance
pavilion. In addition, the museum wanted to create a new
attraction, the “HollandRama”, a multimedia show introducing
the objects to be seen in the park.
Boulder and a 143-meter-long wall

The landscape was taken as the starting point for the design. The
visitor is led over a path of recycled clinkers past a mysterious
egg-shaped building about 13 m high. The path of clinkers leads
the visitor on to the entrance in a 143-meter-long wall cutting
across the landscape. The wall is constructed from a mosaic of old
cobblestones and bricks and forms the gate to the Netherlands
Open Air Museum. Behind this unfolds a spacious, transparent
entrance hall with a view of the open meadow of the outdoor
museum. Because of the differences of level the hall adapts itself
in a natural way to the rolling landscape.
Hinge point
The glass hall is the hinge point in the design. It not only forms
the entrance to the park but it also houses various facilities. On
the ground floor one can visit the museum shop, the coffee shop,
the knowledge center or the auditorium. A level lower there
are 2 exhibition spaces where changing exhibitions are held
and a semi-permanent display of clothing and jewelry from the
museum’s own collection. The mystery of the egg-shaped building
is solved when the visitor enters a tunnel that turns out to lead to
a rotating panorama theater. Here is where the multimedia show
takes place. With the aid of virtual reality, animations, film, sound
and odor effects, historical objects are brought to life.
Phase 2 – Integrating the Canon of Dutch History

In 2016, Mecanoo was asked to redesign the interior to make way
Credits and Data for the Canon of Dutch History. The Open Air Museum looks at
Project title: Netherlands Open Air Museum the history of ordinary people in the Netherlands. This will be
Client: Nederlands Openluchtmuseum linked to key aspects of Dutch history, including the Dutch East
Location: Schelmseweg 89, Arnhem, the Netherlands
India Company and Michiel de Ruyter, as well as the First World
Design: 1995–1998 (phase 1), 2014–2015 (phase 2)
Realization: 1999–2000 (phase 1), 2017 (phase 2) War, slavery and child labor. Inside the museum park’s historic
Architect: Mecanoo buildings, and through a striking exhibition in the entrance
Project area: 3,185 m2 pavilion, the museum is shining a light on the Dutch history “from
Phase 1: Entrance building with a museum and panoramic theater an everyday perspective”, covering the 50 topics that make up the
“HollandRama” of 3,185 m2
“Canon of Dutch History”.
Phase 2: Improvement of the functionality, hospitality, and accessibility of the
entrance pavilion and the integration of the permanent exhibition “de Canon
van Nederland”
98
607 Feature: Netherlands Open Air Museum
99
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Arnhem, the Netherlands
21:04
1/250
Section D(scale: 1/250) D
Section A A
Section C C
Section B B
D
A
B
+0
+100
+0
1/250
+200
C
A
+0
B
Floor plan (scale: 1/250)

C
D
100
1912
44ha
2
2016
143m
13m
50
143m
p. 98, top: View of the museum from

the park. p. 98, bottom: Main approach
to the museum. p. 99: Ticket Pavilion.
Opposite, top: Museum shop. Opposite,
bottom: In phase 2, the entrance hall
was redesigned to improve circulation
of visitors to the exhibition pavilion
in the basement. This page, top:
“Canon of Dutch History” exhibition
space. Photos on pp. 98–100 courtesy
of Mecanoo. Photo on p. 101 by Thijs
Wolzak.
98 98
99
2
2
Section axonometric (before renovation)
Section axonometric (after renovation) Axonometric drawing
101
607 Feature: St. Mary of the Angels Chapel
103
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Rotterdam, the Netherlands
21:04
Credits and Data
Project title: St. Mary of the Angels Chapel
Client: R.K. Begraafplaats St. Laurentius
Location: Nieuwe Crooswijkseweg 123, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Design: 1998–1999
Architect: Mecanoo
Collaborators: ABT b.v. (structural engineer), H&B Bouw b.v. (contractor), Mark
Deconink (artist)
Project area: 120 m2
Project estimate: 522,000 EUR
104
150 3
1998
1865 3 13
3 2
2001 1963
1869
1963
p. 102, top: The first chapel was

completed in 1869. Photo courtesy
of Mecanoo. p. 102, bottom: The
foundations of the first Neo-Gothic
chapel. p. 103: Physical model. Photo
by Pieter Vandermeer. pp. 104–105:
3
The chapel consists of a column-
free space wrapped by a continuous,
undulating wall. This page, left:
Chapel service. p. 108: Torch-like
lamps illuminate the gold-colored
ceiling from the inside out. Photos
on pp. 102–103 by Christian Richters
unless otherwise noted.
102 1 1869
70cm 102
1 103
104 105
108
Section (scale: 1/200) 1/200
106
North elevation
Roof plan
East elevation
South elevation
Site plan (scale: 1/2,000) 1/2,000 West elevation (scale: 1/200) 1/2,000
107
108
and Beyond
109
Palace of Justice
Córdoba, Spain 2006–2017
2006 2017
The new Palace of Justice in Córdoba is located in Arroyo del fractures provide natural light and ventilation in the central
Moro which is characteristically dominated by anonymous zones of the large building. One can say that the sustainability
housing blocks, products of the rapid urban development of of the building is not achieved by expensive technological
21st century Spanish cities. The blocks that characterize the mechanisms but by an intelligent interpretation of the
urban fabric of the zone were not capable of generating public vernacular architecture.
space or offering something new to the city, but collectively they The building is elevated 2 meters from the street level and is
form a compact and coherent urban identity. The addition of a accessed by the sloping entrance square. This elevation gives
public institution to the area creates the opportunity to upgrade a symbolic power to the building while solving problems of
the public realm and add a civic quality to this relatively new privacy and security created by the insertion of semi-open
neighborhood. patios.
This responsibility to strengthen the public identity informed From the main entrance, the interior organization is easily
the concept for the Palace of Justice. While the Córdoba city recognizable. A central spine creates a circulation axis which
center is located south-east from the site, the building volume connects to the various programs of the building. This space
was condensed to create a generous entrance square to the north spans through several floors across the length of the building
which connects it with the existing Huerta del Sordillo gardens. and articulates each department. It also links the public
The massing strategy creates urban integration through circulation with the exterior patios. The spine echoes the
fragmentation. It follows a similar strategy to the spontaneous architectural language of the exterior massing, with multi-level
growth process of medieval cities resulting in a volume which day-lit voids creating sculptural atriums throughout the building.
is carefully sculpted to adapt to the surrounding context. This The internal functions become more private higher up the
results in a puzzle-like structure which hints its process of building. At the level of the square, the courthouse features an
formation and emulates the experience of the dense historical open ground floor that contains the most public sections such
center of Córdoba. as courtrooms, marriage registry and restaurant. High security
The vertical fractures that are introduced in the building mass offices are situated off the upper courtyards and the archives and
create patios, relating the local courtyard typologies. These jail cells are found below ground level.
Credits and Data

Project title: Palace of Justice
Client: Junta de Andalucía
Location: Calle Isla Mallorca, Calle Isla Formentera, Calle Isla Gomera, Calle
Cantabrico, Córdoba, Spain
Design: 2006
Architect: Mecanoo, Ayesa
Collaborators: Ayesa (energy efficiency, structural engineer, mechanical
engineer, electrical engineer, lighting lighting, fire safety, roof and facade,
contractor)
110
607 Feature: Palace of Justice
111
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Córdoba, Spain
21:04
Site map
112
21
p. 111: Physical model. Photo courtesy

of Mecanoo. Opposite, top: Aerial view
of the Palace of Justice against the
city fabric of Córdoba. This page, top:
Open plaza in front of the building.
This page, middle: View of the Palace
of Justice along the Calle Isla Ibiza
street. This page, bottom: Concept
sketches. Photos on pp. 110–117 by
Fernando Alda unless otherwise noted.
111
2m
113
First floor plan 2 Roof plan
This page, top: Vertical fractures are

introduced in the building to create
patios, relating the local courtyard
typologies. Opposite: Close-up view of
the façade details.
Ground floor plan Fourth floor plan 5
Long section
114
Opposite: The vertical fractures also
provide natural light and ventilation
into the buildings. This page, top: View
of the office. This page, bottom: View
of one of the courtrooms.
117
La Llotja Theater and Conference Center
Lleida, Spain 2004–2010
2004 2010
607 Feature: La Llotja Theater and Conference Center
119
Architecture and Urbanism Mecanoo Lleida, Spain
21:04
Credits and Data
Project title: La Llotja Theater and Conference Center
Client: Centre de Negocis i de Convencions S.A. (project), Municipality of Lleida
(competition)
Location: l’Avenida de Tortosa, Lleida, Spain
Design: 2004–2005
Architect: Mecanoo, Labb arquitectura
Collaborators: UTE Dragados + Obrum (contractor), ABT b.v. / BOMA (structural
engineer), Peutz b.v. / Higini Arau (acoustics consultant), Deerns Raadgevende
Ingenieurs b.v. / Einesa Ingenieria S.L. (electrical and mechanical engineer),
J/T Ardèvol i Associats S.L (technical architect), Basalt Bouwkostenadvies
b.v. / J/T Ardèvol i Associats S.L. (costs consultant), Einesa Ingenieria S.L.
(security and fire safety consultant), Eptisa S.A. Direcció Integrada (project
manager)
Sections (scale: 1/800) 1/800
120
Mise-en-scène
The mountain with its historic cathedral Seu Vella and the Segre
River marks the high point and low point of Lleida (Lerida), the 2
second city of Catolonia, following Barcelona. La Llotja theater
and conference center sits on the banks of the Segre, somewhat
outside the center of the city. Mecanoo’s design interprets the
landscape of Lleida as the exciting scenery before which the
building has been placed, somewhat further from the river. The
mise-en-scène is elaborated on 3 levels of scale. Regarded from
the large scale of the region, the building forms a link between 3
the river and the mountain. Viewed from the urban scale, La
Llotja and the river form a balanced composition. At street level
the cantilevers of La Llotja de Lleida provide protection from sun
and rain.
Foyers
The large stone edifice seems to have sprouted from the Spanish
earth. The building’s horizontal form provides a large garden on
the roof, while under the cantilevers begins a square for events,
with the stairs of the adjacent building serving as a tribune. The
theater stage, dressing rooms and restaurant kitchen are on the
ground floor. In a light court in the center of the building, a
monumental staircase rises from street level to the multifunctional
hall on the first floor. A ramp leads on to the foyer on the second
floor where there is a panoramic window looking out across the
city and the river. The entrances to the theater, which also serve
as a large conference hall, meeting rooms and a small conference
room are located in the foyer. The latter is visually connected to
the multifunctional hall by means of a raked tribune separated 2
by a glass wall. The entire functional logistics for the theater and 3
the conference center are situated inconspicuously but extremely pp. 118–119: Close-up view of the
functionally. Restaurants with bars are located on the side of La building’s façade. Photo by Harry
Llotja facing the river and the square. The monolithic building Cock. Opposite: A large public square
envelops the La Llotja Theater and
is composed of different pieces of buildings linked together by
Conference Center. Photo courtesy
sound-absorbing foyers. of Mecanoo. This page, below: The
cantilever provides shelter to a square
Roof garden which can be used for events. Photos
Materials ensure distinction and orientation in the interior. The on pp. 121–123 by Christian Richters
unless otherwise noted.
exterior is of stone. Inside, they are mainly white, plastered walls
and either wooden or marble floors. The entrance hall and the 118 119
multi-functional hall have a marble floor, while the foyer has
a floor of mixed hardwood. The theater has the atmosphere of
an orchard with walls of dark wood in which trees of light have
been cut out. Thousands of leaves on the ceiling light the hall.
The color palette of fruit is a theme that recurs in small details
throughout the building. After all, the region of Lleida is famous
for its fruit production. The roof is colorful: pergolas support a
range of creepers and climbers like roses, jasmine and ivy. The
garden with its mirador is not only pleasant but also useful since
the roof cover keeps the building cool in the summer, provides a
beautiful view for people living in the neighborhood and serves
an extra place for conference guests to sojourn.
121
Roof plan
Second floor plan 3
Ground floor plan (scale: 1/2,000) 1/2,000 First floor plan 2
122
Opposite, top: The vibrant colors of
the panels create an engaging route
for the theater’s visitors. Opposite,
middle: View of the structure from the
interior. This page, top: The 1,000-seat
theater hall evokes the atmosphere of
an orchard. This page, bottom: 400-
seat conference hall. Photo by La
Fotografica.
1,000
400
123
Library of Birmingham
Birmingham, UK 2008–2013
2008 2013
Palazzo’s also provide natural light and ventilation. The rooftop rotunda
Centenary Square, the largest public square in the heart of houses the Shakespeare Memorial Room designed in 1882.
Birmingham, currently lacks cohesion or a clear identity or This Victorian reading room is lined with wood from the first
atmosphere. Mecanoo’s design transforms the square into one Birmingham Central Library. Its prominent position as a rooftop
with 3 distinct realms: monumental, cultural and entertainment. aerie makes this delicate room visible from the square. The REP
These palazzos form an urban narrative of important periods with its unique and beautiful auditorium will be renovated. New
in the history of the city; The Repertory Theatre (REP), a 1960s workshops, staff accommodations and a shared theater and
concrete building, the Library of Birmingham, designed in 2009 foyer space will be created for both the REP and the library.
and Baskerville House, a listed sandstone building designed in
1936. The busiest pedestrian route in the city, what Mecanoo Sustainability
calls the red line, leads pedestrians into Centenary Square. The The library incorporates gray water systems and ground source
cantilever of the library is not only a large canopy that provides heat pumps. Although a transparent building, it maintains
shelter at the common entrance of the Library of Birmingham energy efficiency through the buffering capacity of the building
and the REP, but additionally forms a grand city balcony with mass and the atrium. Sun shading and reflective materials
views of the events and happenings on the square. within the façades block the harsh rays of the sun during the
height of afternoon while allowing natural daylight into the
Rotundas interiors. The ground floor benefits from the mass of the soil
The Library of Birmingham is a transparent glass building. Its which provides insulation. The circular patio cut out of the
delicate filigree skin is inspired by the artisan tradition of this square creates a protected outdoor space and invites daylight
once industrial city. Travelators and escalators dynamically deep into the building. The building will incorporate a mixed
placed in the heart of the library forms connections among the mode and natural ventilation strategy. The addition of soft
8 circular spaces within the building. These rotundas play an landscaped roof spaces will further enhance the immediate
important role not only in the routing through the library, but surrounding conditions.
This page: Conceptual sketches.

Opposite: View of the Amphitheater
which also brings daylight into the
library’s interior. Photos on pp. 122–
123 by Christian Richters.
124
607 Feature: Library of Birmingham
125
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Birmingham, UK
21:04
Centenary
Square
Site plan
126
REP
3 REP
1960
REP 2009
1936
REP
8 Opposite: Aerial view. The Centenary

Square can be seen in front of the
library. This page, top: View outside
the REP Theater. This page, bottom:
Shakespeare Memorial Room.
1882
Credits and Data

Project title: Library of Birmingham
Client: Birmingham City Council
Location: 309 Broad Street, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Design: 2008–2009
Architect: Mecanoo
Collaborators: Buro Happold (structural and mechanical engineer), Mecanoo
(interior), Theateradvies (theater consultant), Davis Langdon Schumann
Smith (design manager), Carillion Building (contractor), GVA Grimley Ltd
(planning consultant)
Project estimate: 193,000,000 GBP
127
First floor plan 2 Seventh floor plan 8
Ground floor plan (scale: 1/1,500) 1/1,500 Third floor plan 4
Lower ground floor plan Second floor plan 3
128
Section (scale: 1/600) 1/600
129
130
p. 129: Main approach to the library.
Opposite: Elevators and escalators are
placed in the heart of the library to
form connections among the 8 circular
spaces within the building. This page,
top: Interior view of the Book Rotunda
on one of the upper floors. This page,
bottom: View from the Music Library
looking out onto the Amphitheater.
129
131
Glass Villa on the lake
Lechlade, UK 2015–2018
2015 2018
132
607 Feature: Glass Villa on the lake
133
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Lechlade, UK
21:04
11
12
1. Hall
2. Living area
3. Bathroom 1
4. Bedroom 1
5. Bedroom 2
6. Bathroom 2
7. Master bedroom area
8. Bedroom 3
9. Bathroom 3
10. Living area
11. Terrace south side
12. Terrace north side
Roof plan
5 6 8
9
7
Opposite, top: Living room. Opposite,

bottom: Kitchen. Every corner of the
7 10
villa opens up to views of the lake,
trees, sky and nature. This page, top:
The staircase in the central atrium
connects to all floors in the villa.
First floor plan 2
4
1 3
Ground floor plan (scale: 1/300) 1/300 Section (scale: 1/250) 1/250
137
607 Feature: Senezh Management LAB
139
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Solnechnogorsk, Russia
21:04
Site map
144
5
7
800
2016
12
3
5
4
Opposite, top: High-density, mixed-use

buildings clustered around mobility
hubs provide an attractive and safe
5 destination for all, establishing Milan
as an inclusive city. Opposite, bottom:
Biking roads and pedestrian zones
contribute to transforming the “scali”
into multimodal public transport hubs,
thereby reducing the reliance on cars. 2017
This page, both photos: Exhibition
during Milan Design Week 2017.
2km
5km
5km
Green “circle line” diagram
145
Kaohsiung Station
Kaohsiung, Taiwan 2014–2024
2014 2024
607 Feature: Kaohsiung Station
147
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Kaohsiung, Taiwan
21:04
148
The new Kaohsiung Station is the crowning achievement of the
massive Kaohsiung Metropolitan Area Underground Railway
Project, which includes 7 subterranean stations along a 9.75 km
railway tunnel. It will be a true transportation hub integrating
train, metro, local and intercity bus services, taxi and bicycle. As a
key project for the city’s transformation, the above-ground station
has been designed to add valuable public green space and activate
the local community.
Multi-layered landscape
The most important events in Taiwanese villages take place on
the main square in front of the temple, lit with traditional red
lanterns. Kaohsiung Station’s central hall is a contemporary
equivalent of this, a sunken plaza that unfolds underneath a bright
ceiling of oval-shaped lights. Arriving from the underground
platforms, the immersive space will create a memorable
experience for travelers. The station’s large curvilinear shaped
canopy reaches out to the city in a powerful gesture, acting as a
green connector that unifies different modes of transport, and
represents Kaohsiung’s vision for the future as a sustainable city.
With a cycling path running east-west on top, the station’s multi-
layered landscape introduces a generous amount of public space
into the city center.
Efficient mobility hub

The sprawling green canopy protects the open public plaza
underneath from Kaohsiung’s tropical climate like large trees
would do. Here people can meet, enjoy a refreshing breeze, or
visit events that take place at the station, like a farmers’ market,
second hand market, traditional open air opera or a mobile
library. Designed as a destination rather than merely an efficient
mobility hub, the station’s canopy connects a hotel, commercial
building, shops, restaurants and other facilities for the local
community and travelers. The colonial Japanese station building,
which will be relocated to its original site, is embraced by the
canopy and symbolically reconnects the old and new Kaohsiung.
Exploded axonometric drawing
9.75km
7
Credits and Data

pp. 146–147: Photo taken during Project title: Kaohsiung Station
construction. Photo by Ethan Le. Client: Railway Reconstruction Bureau, Pacific Engineers & Constructors, Ltd.
Opposite: View of the sunken station Location: Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
plaza. Photo by Shawn Liu Studio. Design: 2014–2016
146 147 Architect: Mecanoo
Project area: 182,000 m2; 85,000 m2 (site area)
149
152
B
A A
Ground floor plan (scale: 1/3,500) 1/3,500
Section A A
pp. 150–151: Aerial render. Opposite,

top: A long public green space above
ground is designed as part of a key
project for the city’s transformation.
Opposite, bottom: View from the
station tower. Images on pp. 150–153
150 151
Section B (scale: 1/3,500) B 1/3,500
153
National Kaohsiung Center for the Arts
Kaohsiung, Taiwan 2007–2018
2007 2018
607 Feature: National Kaohsiung Center for the Arts
155
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Kaohsiung, Taiwan
21:04
pp. 154–155: View of the Banyan Plaza.
This page, top: Informal performances
in Taiwan. This page, bottom: Street
of Taiwan. Opposite, top: Banyan
trees. Opposite, middle: Conceptual
sketch. Photo on pp. 154–155 by Sytze
Boonstra. Photo on p. 156, top courtesy
of Mecanoo. Photos on p. 156, bottom,
p. 157 by Harry Cock.
154 155
156
An acoustic landscape
The National Kaohsiung Center for the Arts symbolizes the
transformation of Kaohsiung, once a major international harbor,
into a modern, diverse city with a rich cultural climate. It is
located on a former military terrain, as an integral part of the
adjacent subtropical park to have a positive social impact on
the residents of Kaohsiung whose population counts almost 3
million.
A Piece of Banyan – a continuation of the park

Inspired by the local Banyan trees with their iconic crowns,
the vast, undulating structure is composed of a skin and roof,
and connects an extensive range of functions. It creates a
combination of formal and informal performance spaces. The
curved steel structure was built in cooperation between a local
and a Dutch shipbuilder. Underneath this roof is the Banyan
Plaza, a generous, sheltered public space where cooling wind can
freely flow. Residents can wander through here day and night,
practice Tai Chi or stage street performances along walkways
and in informal spaces. An open-air theater nestles on the roof
where the structure curves to the ground, with the surrounding
park forming the stage.
The 4 Halls
The halls are located in the 5 cores or “legs” of the building
where the structure meets the ground. Each of the 4
performance halls has its own acoustic challenge, and so we
collaborate with acoustician Albert Xu. He constructs a 1:10
scale model to test the performance of the most complicated
venue: the 1,981-seat Concert Hall. The theater has an intimate
feel despite its size. We choose the shape of a stepped vineyard
with a stage at its center, so that terraces at different floor
heights encircle the podium. With seating on all sides of the
stage, the audience is in close proximity to the performance
itself.
The 2,236-seat Opera House is arranged in the form of a
horseshoe with 3 circled balconies. The seating is upholstered in
a mixture of red and purple fabrics with a pattern of Taiwanese
flowers, contrasting with the darker walls. The Playhouse, with
its 1,210 seats in Mecanoo Blue, is designed to host a variety of
drama and dance performances. Flexibility is the core element
in the design of this multifunctional space. The 434-seat Recital
Hall has the most intimate atmosphere. With its asymmetrical
composition and seatings across 2 levels, it is designed for
chamber music and recital performances.
Section of the Banyan Plaza (scale: 1/800) 1/800
157
4
5
300 1,981
10 1
2,236 3
1,210
434
This page, top: Bird-eye view of the

National Kaohsiung Center for the Arts
against the city. This page, bottom:
Outdoor seating area. Opposite, top:
Aerial view. Opposite, bottom: View
from the park. Photos on p.158, p.
159, bottom by Shinkenchiku. Photo
on p. 159, top by Iwan Baan. p. 160,
top: Video screening at the Banyan
Plaza. p. 160, bottom: Main entrance.
p. 161, top: Concert Hall. p. 161,
bottom: Playhouse. Photos on p. 160,
top, p.161, bottom by Weiwuying.
Photos on p. 160, bottom, p. 161, top
by Shawn Liu Studio.
160
160
161
Plan (scale: 1/3,000) 1/3,000 161
158
159
160
3
1
Upper floor plan

A
12 14 15 16
9 13
7 8
10 11 10 15 17 17
18
19
3
20 19
21
21 4 13
18
20
13
20 2
13
Credits and Data

5
22
Project title: National Kaohsiung Center for the Arts
23
Client: Ministry of Culture
6
24
Location: No. 1, Sanduo 1st Road, Fengshan District, Kaohsiung City, 83075
Taiwan
Design: 2007–2011
A
Architect: Mecanoo
Lower floor plan (scale: 1/2,000) 1/2,000 Project Team: Francine Houben (partner in charge), Nuno Fontarra (project
architect), Friso van der Steen (project director), Aart Fransen, Bohui Li,
Ching-Mou Hou, Danny Lai, Frederico Francisco, Jaytee van Veen, Joost
Verlaan, Leon van der Velden, Magdalena Stanescu, Nicolo Riva, Rajiv
Sewtahal, Reem Saouma, Sander Boer, Sijtze Boonstra, Wan-Jen Lin, Yuli
Huang, William Yu, Yun-Ying Chiu
Collaborators: Archasia Design Group (local partner, site supervision), Supertech
(structural engineer), Yuan Tai (mechanical engineer), Heng Kai (electrical
3 1 engineer), Xu-Acoustique (acoustic consultant), Theateradvies / Yi Tai
5 4
6 (theater consultant), CMA lighting (lighting consultant), Ju Jiang (fire safety),
2
2 Oliver Latry (organ consultant), CDC (roof and façade consultant), Lead Dao
8 7 9 8 (3D consultant), SU International (traffic consultant), Chien Kuo Construction
7 7
Co / Chung Hsin Electric & Machinery Manufacturing Corp / Shinex
Machinery Engineering Inc / L&K Engineering Co / RSEA Engineering Corp
/ Waagner-Biro / IX Technology / C.F. Piano / Klais / Jaie Haour Group /
Kaohsiung City Government / Fuji Xerox (contractors)
Section A A Project area: 100,000 m2 (30,000 m2 building, 70,000 m2 park); 640,000 m2
(metropolitan park)
Project estimate: 366,000,000 USD
2
26 27 1. Lyric theater 12. Work shop 23. Cafe
5 5 2. Concert hall 13. Storage 24. Souvenir shop/ restaurant
5
3 3. Recital hall 14. Staff cafeteria 25. Orchestra room
4. Play house 15. Large rehearsal studio 26. Roof foyer
29 29 5. Banyan plaza 16. Dance studio 27. Foyer
28 28 6. Outdoor seating area 17. Medium rehearsal studio 28. Public parking
28 28
25 7. Carpentry shop 18. Office 29. Staff parking
8. Metal shop 19. Loading 30. Skywell
9. Paint shop 20. Green room 31. Tree patio
10. Assembly scene shop 21. VIP lounge
Section B (scale: 1/2,000) B 1/2,000 11. Lighting shop 22. Main entrance
161
Tainan Public Library
Tainan, Taiwan 2016–2020
2016 2020
The oldest city in Taiwan, Tainan has a rich history influenced panels with a linear staggered relief, providing additional
by different cultures. There are remnants of maritime trade with decorative elements to the façades.
Europe in the 17th century, of the Chinese Ming Dynasty and
Japanese settlements from the beginning of the 20th century. Art and books
The city is rich in temples, including the famous 17th century Once inside, the double-height atrium is inhabited with a work
Confucius Temple with its cantilevered roofs and beautifully of art by Paul Cocksedge. The installation seems to freeze the
carved ceilings. The new library takes from this history, is inspired moment when white sheets of paper are blown away by the wind,
by the local culture and has been designed for the tropical climate symbolizing freedom of thought and the pleasure of reading. Art
of Tainan. It is home to the city’s cultural heritage, modern art, is exhibited everywhere in the building for the public to interact
music, films and books. and play with. A red sculptural staircase adds an exciting element
to the geometric building, intersecting all levels and is visible
Bamboo forest everywhere through the subtle wooden-slatted flight of stairs. The
The most striking feature is the inverted stepped shape of the ground floor is spacious, transparent and warm in wood finish.
library. Slender columns support the cantilevers in rhythmically
placed quartets, giving a feeling of weaving your way through Heritage collection
a modern bamboo forest. The striking crown of the building As you make your way to the upper levels of the building, you first
is surrounded by vertical aluminum slats with carved flower encounter a media library with seating and alcoves. The general
patterns, which are reminiscent of the decorative latticed windows collection is located on the level above this. Beyond there is a
in the old town. These slats filter the light and keep the heat out. floor dedicated to the heritage collection. There are also 4 outdoor
The stepped building offers shelter to visitors both inside and areas situated here, which are arranged as roof gardens, as well as
outside and creates a smooth transition from exterior and interior. 3 multifunctional spaces for classrooms/workshops and a cafe. At
Below the cantilevers are 4 sunken patios for outdoor activities, the top of the building, you will find the theater and conference
with the largest accessible from the square; lectures, concerts hall, along with offices for members of staff. From the uppermost
and exhibitions can be organized here. Looking up, you can see levels, a beautiful view of the city through the vertical slats is on
the special finish of the awnings: champagne-colored aluminum display.
Credits and Data

Project title: Tainan Public Library
Client: Cultural Affairs Bureau, Tainan City Government
Location: No. 255, Kangqiao Avenue, Yongkang District, Tainan City, Taiwan
Design 2016–2017
Architect: Mecanoo, Mayu Architects (local)
Project Team: Mecanoo – Francine Houben (design principal), Rodrigo Louro,
Friso van der Steen, Rodrigo Bandini, Johan Hanegraaf, Rachel Lin,
Yuli Huang, Yuanyuan Chen, Natalia Leszcynska, George Orfanopoulos,
Antonio Sanna, Wanjen Lin, Yunying Chiu, Tsailing Shih, Eliano Felicio,
Nienke Andersson; Mayu – Malone Chang (design principal), Yu-lin Chen
(design principal), Ting-yi Lo, Yun-shan Huang, Che-sheng Wang,
Chia-ru Lin, Beatrice Cordella, Meng-yue Ruan, Qi-ping Yang, Li-chi Yeh,
Ya-zhi Guo, Che-kang liu, Ya-yun Wang, Wei-chieh Pan, Yun Chen,
Ting-yi Li, Cheng-wei Li, Chih-hung Wang, Yung-hsien Fang, Jui-pao Chan,
Tien-hsi Hsu, Ya-tieh Yu, Guan-wun Chen, Yu-lun Liang
Collaborators: Envision Engineering Consultants (construction), Frontier Tech
Institute of Engineering Design & Consultant (installation advisor), Path
& Landforms (wayfinding), Fu Tsu Construction / Shing Tai Hydro-Power
Engineering (contractor)
162
607 Feature: Tainan Public Library
163
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Tainan, Taiwan
21:04
164
17
20
17 1
4 3
p. 162: View from the main road

leading to the library. p. 163: Slender
columns in quartets are rhythmically
4 placed to give a feeling of weaving
through a modern bamboo forest.
Photo by Yu-Chen Chao. Opposite, top:
General view of the library. Opposite,
bottom: The public plaza in front of
the library serves as a buffer space for
the visitors coming in. This page, top:
Sunken garden. This page, bottom:
Perspective sketch. Photos on pp.162–
169 by Ethan Lee unless otherwise
noted. Photo by Yu-Chen Chao.
162
2 163 4
165
This page: View of the double-height
atrium from the second floor. Opposite,
top: View from the first floor facing
towards the main entrance. Opposite,
bottom: Interior view of the area with
the library collections.
3
2
166
167
Main Street of Yangdong-District
Seoul, South Korea 2019
2019
The Seoul City Wall was originally built in 1396. It stretches along 1396
the ridge of the city’s 4 inner mountains – Bugaksan, Naksan, 4
Namsan, and Inwangsan – covering a total of 18.6 km. This wall 18.6km
delimits and defines Old Seoul and is an important element of
the city’s cultural heritage. Today, only fragments of the wall
remain. As a strong linear monument which connects a network
of public spaces and parks, the Seoul City Wall has the potential to
become a catalyst of a people-centered Seoul. One of the historic
districts that lies along the wall is the Yangdong neighborhood,
characterized by rich detailing and a varying topography, but
dominated by car-oriented roads.
Gureum Gil
Mecanoo’s design for the Gureum Gil, an elevated pedestrian
This page, bottom: View of the
walkway in the Yangdong neighborhood, creates a people-friendly
elevated pedestrian walkway.
connection between the Seoullo pedestrian walkway and Namsan Opposite: Masterplan. Images on pp.
Park. Journeying along the walkway is a unique experience, 170–173 courtesy of Mecanoo.
overlooking a terraced landscape. Visitors are led through dense
trees and open areas with beautifully framed views of the Seoul
City wall. The deck and inner side of the balustrades have a warm
wooden finish. On the outside, reflective metal creates a ribbon
that picks up and blurs the colors of the surroundings. Holes in
the deck frame the trees underneath, allowing visitors to vividly
experience the landscape below.
Credits and Data

Project title: Main Street of Yangdong-District
Client: Seoul Metropolitan Government
Location: Sowol-ro and Sowol-ro 2-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea
Design: 2019
Architect: Mecanoo
170
607 Feature: Main Street of Yangdong-District
171
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Seoul, South Korea
21:04
Section across Gureum Gil
172
Glass fence Timber railing
Concrete seating edge Concrete seating edge
Concrete street furniture

various in sizes Granite pavers Urban furniture Asphalt cover
3 shades of gray
Metal outer shell

of the bridge
Existing sidewalk
Sowol street
Historic wall
Park with various plants
suitable for the shaded
conditions
Timber deck Street curb
Lighting column like

Granite pavers Selux Olivio
Granite pavers
gray shade
Plant selection calm and formal 3 shades of gray
Hardscape design of the elevated walkway Hardscape design of the ground level landscape
Opposite, top, left to right: Plan view.

The outer balustrade is cladded in
brushed metal, reflecting the colors
of the surroundings. View of the
landscape on ground level.
173
Futian Civic Culture Center
Shenzhen, China 2018
2018
A building that breathes

Roof garden
Futian is one of the oldest and densest districts of Shenzhen.
Recent urban regeneration efforts aim to breathe new life into
this urban center, which lacks urban quality and is crowded with
residential and commercial high-rises. The new Civic Cultural
Center plays a major role in this effort and will house cultural
programs and social spaces for stimulating urban activity. Public
life in Shenzhen thrives in semi-open spaces. Our proposal is
15F
Shared green zone 15F
therefore a building that breathes: open to daylight, cooling
Culture center service center
breezes, and filled with greenery.
Permeable ground floor

Attracting public activity requires a strong connection with
15F
9F
Library garden surrounding urban spaces. The ground floor is thus designed to
Shared green zone
be as open as possible, despite the confined urban plot. A south-
6F 6F
facing public square and a wide semi-interior east-west pedestrian
Exhibition garden lobby Roof cafe and open exhibition
passage provide pedestrian links across the site. Inside, the
6F ground floor is lively and open, with retail functions and a fully
500-seat theater
glazed façade that can be entered on all sides. This open public
interior directly connects with the theater lobby, which is the
3F
Roof playground main urban catalyst of the cultural center. The permeable ground
floor, together with the 2 bordering main roads and metro station
3F
200-seat theater
within 200 m, ensures that the building is well-connected.
Extensive cultural program

2F
To serve Futian’s high population density, a large amount of
2F
Grand exhibition hall 1000-seat theater cultural program was to be built on the tight 10,610 m2 plot:
62,000 m2 of above-ground functional spaces in total, including
3 theaters, a library and exhibition halls. To give the cultural
center a strong, singular appearance, the building is wrapped
1F in a uniform triangulated grid façade that flares outwards to
Back of house area
1F incorporate the theaters. Scaling downwards towards the edges,
Commercial area
the flared volume smoothly transitions between the 150 m tower
and the smaller scale of the kindergarten.
Exploded axonometric drawing
Connecting atrium
The Cultural Center draws ground floor public activity to the top
of the 150 m tower via efficient elevators and long escalators that
connect a series of green atriums and terraces. Large, openable
planted atriums include a roof cafe and open exhibition space
above the theater, an exhibition garden lobby and a library
Credits and Data garden. Urban greenery and sky gardens provide shade, reduce
Project title: Futian Civic Culture Center the urban heat island effect and cool the public spaces. They also
Client: Public Culture and Sports Development Center provide a transition space between indoor and outdoor, public
Location: Qiaoxiang 4th Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, China and private functions. The network of atriums pump life into the
Design: 2018
Architect: Mecanoo
building, making the journey of moving vertically into a lively
Project area: 93,000 m2 urban experience.
174
607 Feature: Futian Civic Culture Center
175
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Shenzhen, China
21:04
62,000m2
150m
150m
1
2
200m
p. 175: East elevation. This page, top:
Aerial view. This page, bottom: View
1
of the building from along the street.
Opposite: Indoor green atrium. Images
on pp. 174–177 courtesy of Mecanoo.
175
10,610m2 3
Axonometric drawing
176
177
Longgang Cultural Center
Shenzhen, China 2012–2019
2012 2019
Shenzhen has been growing rapidly since being named a “special 1980
economic zone” in 1980. High-rise structures have transformed

the city’s skyline as its population has grown to over 12 million. 1,200
Located in the city’s eastern Longgang district, the Cultural Center
contributes a rich and varied cultural programme housed in an 4
iconic urban connector.
Urban Connector
Sitting on a long and narrow 3.8 ha site with strict height
restrictions, the building connects the surrounding areas by
subdividing the program into separate volumes. The passages 3.8ha
between these buildings, which align with the adjacent roads,
provide access from the new business district on the west side of
the building to the park on the east. The volumes all have curved
edges and tilting façades, which frame dynamic views, shelter
public squares and naturally guide pedestrian flows. The fluid
forms also channel air currents and provide protection against the
sun and rain in Shenzhen’s subtropical climate. By sharing the
same formal language, height and material, the volumes form a
visually cohesive whole without an apparent front or back façade.
Varied cultural program

The Longgang Cultural Center has 4 main programmatic
elements: an art museum, a youth center, a science center and
a book mall. The science center focuses on popular science for
children and young adults. Next to it, the youth center offers a
place for meeting and extracurricular activities such as music
and sports. The art museum combines public arts on the upper
floors with an urban planning center on the ground floor and in
the basement. By locating the entrances to the cultural centers
Opposite: The building’s curved edges
at the covered squares, the various cultural programs can extend and tilting façades frame dynamic
outdoors. The largest of the 4 volumes contains a “book mall” – a 4 views and guide pedestrian flows.
mall exclusively for books and book-related events such as book- Photos on pp. 178–183 by Zhang Chao.
signing sessions, book launches and exhibitions.
Sculptural interior
The in-situ concrete structure was carefully designed to become
part of the visitors’ experience; wandering through the building
is like viewing a cast concrete sculpture from the inside. The
structural façade of each volume integrates beams, columns and
massive concrete cores, resulting in a building where everything
is revealed. The full-height tilted interior spaces at the edges of
the volumes become architectural highlights where the visitor can
experience the impressive scale of the construction elements.
178
607 Feature: Longgang Cultural Center
179
ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Mecanoo Shenzhen, China
21:04
Section of youth center Section of public art center
Section of book mall Section of science center
Long section (scale: 1/1,250) 1/1,250
180
Graund floor plan (scale: 1/2,500) First floor plan Second floor plan Third floor plan Fourth floor plan
1/2,500 2 3 4 5
Opposite: Aerial view of the cultural

center against the city fabric of
Shenzhen.
181
Credits and Data
Project title: Longgang Cultural Center
Client: Longgang Government, Vanke, SPDG
Location: Longcheng Square, Longgang district, Shenzhen, China
Design: 2012–2016
Architect: Mecanoo, CCDI (local)
Red aluminum cap

294 mm projection
Window frame,
glas/metal plate
Black aluminum plate

(sloped for water drainage)
Window frame, Reinforcement structure
black powder coated
Aluminum standing
seam
Window alinged with

front aluminum seams
profile width ~100mm
from beams and columns
Metal window frame
Façade detail
Exterior elevation of the south façade
Interior elevation of the south façade (scale: 1/600) 1/600
182
Opposite, top: Public Art Center
gallery. Opposite, middle: Public Art
Center media gallery. This page:
Science Center atrium.
183
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Featured works (Tentative):
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ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM

Essay: Close-ups – A world of materials and details

Materials and Details Villa Vekara

Terho Manner House

The Aalto House

Kantola Manager Residence, Sunila Company

Muuratsalo Experimental House

Villa Skeppet (Villa Schildt)

Publisher: A+U Publishing Co., Ltd.

ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM

Editors: The Netherlands 13

NS Journey of the future 40

NS Vision Interior Train of the Future 44

Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen 46

Villa Industria Silo’s 50

St. Gerlach Pavilion & Manor Farm 52

Office Villa Maliebaan 16 58

Delft City Hall and Train Station 62

Urban Villa Myriad 68

Maritime Center Rotterdam 76

Kaap Skil, Maritime and Beachcombers Museum 78

Front cover: National Kaohsiung Center for Villa Vught 84

The a+u April issue is our first monograph with Mecanoo,

And there was an urgent context – the failure of mass social

When she graduated in 1984, she founded Mecanoo with her TU

2000 98 101 143m

Kruisplein is an early sign of the sensitivity that Mecanoo brings

The low-rise Nieuw Terbregge housing out in the Rotterdam

Canals with jungle-thick vegetation cut the site into islands,

There is a neat bridge between the prevailing orthodoxy of

102 108 1990

What about People? The humanistic concern for people comes

There is no silver bullet to the climate emergency, but solutions

Meeting place and proving ground 1,315m 1969

Credits and Data

Site plan (scale: 1/6,000) 1/6,000

the Delft University of Technology is overshadowed by a large,

Glass and grass

Long section (scale: 1/800) 1/800

Level 1 plan 1 Roof plan

Ground floor plan (scale: 1/1,600) 1/1,600 Level 3 plan 3

This page, bottom: Dordrecht Central

Credits and Data

Opposite, both images: The vision

plan had been radically altered and modified through the

on sustainability facilitates the integration of the home into its

Volume of the existing villa

Plan (scale: 1/400) 1/400

Section E (scale: 1/400) E 1/400

Noah Sophie Judith

Urban City Transfer Recreational

network covering public, private and shared transport for the

Noah’s Experience – Urban center to rural setting

Sophie’s Experience – Urban center to urban edge

120 calories 100 calories

Judith’s Experience – Village center to urban edge

Design synergy Unified design language

This page, top: A catalog of spatial

In NS’s (the Dutch National Railway Company) future vision for NS

Travel time is own time 12

A+u Architecture and Urbanism a+u 建築と都市　 - April 2021日本

A+u Architecture and Urbanism a+u 建築と都市　 - April 2021日本

A+u Architecture and Urbanism a+u 建築と都市　 - April 2021日本