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OOPs E1

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8 views11 pages

OOPs E1

Uploaded by

1roebot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OOPs: Episode-1

Manas Jyoti Das, PhD


Computer Science
Decorators
Python Decorators (@)

● Code reusability and modularity: You can define complex


functionality once and then apply it to multiple functions
without modifying their original code.

● Adding functionality without code modification: Unlike inheritance, decorators


allow you to dynamically enhance functions without changing their source
code.
● Enhanced code readability and expressiveness: Using decorators can make
your code more concise and clear by expressing what's happening before the
function definition.
Function Decorator

#Step 1: Define the decorator function


def decorator_name(target_function):

#Step 2: Define the wrapper function


def wrapper( * args, ** kwargs):

#Step 3: Do something before target_function is called


results = target_function( * args, ** kwargs)

# Step 4: Do something after the call to target_function


return results
return wrapper
When to use function decorators?

● Timing function execution


● Caching results (memoization)
● Authorization and authentication
● Logging and error handling
● Input validation
● Error handling
● Code…
Class decorator

● They take a class as input and return a new class with modified or extended
behavior
● CODE…
@property decorator

● Hides internal implementation: Keeps internal data private and inaccessible


from outside the class, maintaining data integrity and preventing accidental
modifications.
● Change internal implementation without breaking existing code: Can modify
property logic without affecting code that uses the property, making code
more maintainable.
● Properties can be inherited by subclasses: Extends functionality and
facilitates code reuse.
● Properties resemble regular attributes: Makes code more intuitive and easier
to understand compared to explicit method calls.
Code…

Read the code carefully and make comments in the code. Otherwise you will
forget what is happening in the code. Please try to understand the code.

Coding makes a human perfect. Code regularly or you will forget. Trust me in
this one —Adraham Lincon
Dunder function

● Magic function or special methods


● double underscores at the beginning and end of their names (e.g., __init__,
__len__)
● You typically don't invoke them yourself; Python calls them internally when
specific events or operations occur
● Customizable interactions: By implementing dunder methods in your
classes, you can create custom objects that behave naturally within Python's
syntax and language constructs
● E.g. customize the __len__ to do something else. May be length in bytes.
Code...
Data focused class[Previous class]

● Emphasis: Primarily on storing and managing data.


● Methods: Relatively fewer or simpler, mainly for accessing, manipulating, or
validating the data. They might directly interact with the attributes or simply
expose them for external use.
● Example: A "Product" class in an e-commerce application might have
attributes like name, price, description, and stock level. Its methods might
involve updating information, checking availability, or calculating discounts.
@dataclass decorator

● Automatic methods: It automatically generates essential methods like


__init__, __repr__, __eq__, and comparison operators
● Concise syntax: The clean and simple syntax makes data classes easier to
read and understand compared to traditional classes with manually
implemented methods.
● Consistent behavior: Automatically generated methods ensure consistent
behavior and reduce potential errors with manual implementations.

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