Electrical Machines II

Sample Questions

Why the rotor slots of a 3-phase induction motor are skewed?

Why the induction motor is called asynchronous motor?

What are slip rings?

What are the advantages of cage motor?

State the application of an induction generator?

What are the various methods available for making a single-phase motor self- starting?

What is the function of capacitor in a single-phase induction motor?

Explain why single-phase induction motor is not self-starting.

What type of motor is used for ceiling fan?

Why single-phase induction motor has low power factor?

Explain the different speed control methods of 3-phase wound rotor induction motor

Explain the double field revolving theory for operation of single phase induction motor

Develop and explain the equivalent circuit of a single phase induction motor.

Draw and explain the torque/slip curve of a three-phase induction motor

Show and explain the power development stages in an induction motor.

"Three phase induction motor is known as generalized transformer". Justify

In which type of induction motor can resistance be introduced in the rotor circuit ?

Derive the equation for running torque of a 3-phase induction motor.

Explain the operation of induction generator.

Derive the condition for maximum torque under running conditions for a three phase induction motor
A 12-pole, 3-phase induction motor runs at a speed of 485 rpm on a 50 Hz supply. The slip of the motor
is ___________

If the stator supply voltage frequency is f, then the frequency of the rotor current is ______________.

The maximum torque developed by an induction motor depends upon the ______________

Find the number of poles required, when the frequency is 50Hz and speed of the motor is 500 rpm?

A 3-phase 440 V, 50 Hz induction motor has 4% slip. What will be the frequency of rotor current ?

A 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor has a full load speed of 1440 rpm. The number of poles in the motor
is ____________

A 4 pole 50 Hz induction motor is running at 1300 rpm. Find the speed of stator magnetic field with respect
to the rotor?

The rotor power output of a 3-phase induction motor is 30 kW and corresponding slip is 4%. The rotor
copper loss will be

For starting of an induction motor, star/delta starting can be considered equivalent to an

autotransformer starter with the ratio of ____________

The power input of a 500 V, 6 poles, 3-phase induction motor running at 975 rpm is 40 kW. The stator losses
is 1 kW and mechanical losses are 2 kW. Calculate the efficiency of the motor.

On a short circuit test (blocked rotor test), a 12 poles, 3 phase, 50 Hz induction motor took 100 kW, Find
out the starting torque considering standstill rotor resistance is equal to the stator resistance

A wound rotor poly phase induction motor has rotor resistance of 0.02 ohm/phase and standstill reactance
of 0.2 ohm/phase. How much resistance is to be connected externally per phase to have maximum torque
at the starting?

The power input of 3 phase induction motor is 60 kW. Total stator loss is 1 kW. Find the total
mechanical power developed and the rotor copper losses per phase when the motor is running at 3%
slip.

A 3 phase, 400V, 50Hz, 20 kW, squirrel cage induction motor has rated speed of 1470 rpm. It develops a
torque of 100 Nm at a speed of 1400 rpm when fed from rated voltage and frequency source. Find the
supply voltage required to keep the flux same as before when the motor is supplied from a 30Hz source.
Also find the new speed for the same load torque.

A 400 V runs at a speed of 1440 rpm when supplied from 50 Hz source. Find its speed at 30 Hz when the
load torque is constant. The frequency is varied while maintaining the v/f ratio constant.

The mechanical losses are 1000W and the slip is 4%. Using approximate equivalent circuit. Find the i) speed,
ii) stator current, stator power factor.

A 4 pole, 3 phase induction motor delivers 40 hp at the shaft at a speed of 1440 rpm on 440V, 50Hz
supply. The total mechanical losses are 4 hp and the motor power factor is 0.87 at certain load. calculate
i) rotor cu loss, ii) the total input power if the stator losses are 2800W, iii) the efficiency.

A 20 hp, 3 phase, 50 Hz, 4 pole induction motor has a full load slip of 3%. The friction and windage losses
are 500W. Calculate the rotor Cu loss.

A 3 phase, 50 Hz squirrel cage induction motor rotates at 1350 rpm at full load. Find out speed of the
stator field with respect to rotor.

A 3 phase, 50 Hz squirrel cage induction motor rotates at 1450 rpm at full load. Find out speed of the
rotor field with respect to rotor.

Why no load condition in an induction is often called open circuit condition ?

Why the efficiency of an induction motor is zero at no load but not necessarily maximum at full load.

In a 3 phase induction machine breaking, generating and motoring operations take place when the range
of slip is ____________

How would you find out the different full load losses in an induction motor without actually loading it
? Describe with schematic diagrams and mathematical relations.

Show that the slip at which maximum torque of a poly phase induction motor occurs is directly proportional
to the rotor resistance r2 but the maximum torque Tm is independent of r2.
a) Starting from the approximate equivalent circuit of a three phase induction motor derive
the expression for maximum torque developed in a three phase induction motor.
b) b) Find the value of rotor circuit resistance which is needed for obtaining the maximum torque at
the time of starting the induction motor.

Develop the equivalent circuit of a 3 phase induction motor. Show that the mechanical power developed
can be represented by a pure resistance in the rotor circuit.

What are the benefits of v/f control over simple frequency control or voltage control for an induction motor?
What are the different methods of excitation of DC field of a Synchronous machine?

Why the Synchronous Impedance calculated from the curves of OCC & SCC is not constant but decreases
at higher values of field current?

Why Synchronous Impedance method for finding regulation , is called a “Pessimistic” Method?

What is the name of the process through which an isolated synchrnous generator is connected to an
infinite bus bar? What are the conditions to be satisfied in this process. Draw the circuit diagram of the
process indicating infinite bus bar, incoming synchronous generator and required equipments.

It is known that regulation of a synchronous generator is poor, Then how the terminal voltage is
maintained constant with variation of load?.

What are the factors affecting voltage regulation of synchronous generators?

Draw and explain open circuit and short circuit characteristics of a synchronous machine. How
voltage regulation can be calculated by the use of their results?

What are the purposes to find out the regulation of a Synchronous generator? Why close voltage regulation
is uneconomical for synchronous generators?

How direct axis reactance and quadrature axis reactance are found out by slip test? What precaution is to
be taken while performing this test?

Slip test was conducted on a 415 V, 5 kVA, 4 pole,50 Hz, synchronous generator by applying 250 V ac.
Maximum and minimum terminal voltage was 245 V and 235 V respectively and maximum and
minimum current were 3.0 A and 2.65 A respectively. Find the direct axis and quadrature axis
reactance

Draw and explain the load characteristics and regulation characteristics of synchronous generator.
Which characteristics you will use to maintain the terminal voltage constant with the change in load?

Why close voltage regulation is uneconomical for synchronous generators?

What are the different starting methods for synchronous motor?

Draw and explain V-curves for synchronous motor.

What will be the nature of armature reaction, when an alternator is connected to a zero power factor
lagging load?

What will be the power factor, if the field of a synchronous motor is under excited?

What will be the type of armature reaction, when an alternator is connected to a zero power factor
leading load?
Is it possible to have full load terminal voltage greater than no load terminal voltage? Explain.

What is the purpose of conducting open Circuit test on an alternator?

What is the armature reaction of an alternator connected to a 3 phase Induction Motor?

What information you get from the load Characteristic of a Synchronous Generator?

Why the voltage regulation can be negative for an alternator operating for leading p.f?

What kind of alternators are used in turbo-generators?

What are the necessary conditions for synchronizing a alternator to an infinite bus?

What are the purposes to find out the regulation of a Synchronous generator?

What are the different methods of finding Voltage regulation of Synchronous generator?

A 440V, 12 kVA, star connected alternator has reactance due to armature reaction twice that of
leakage reactance when rated current is supplied at 0.8 pf lagging. Armature resistance R = 0.3 ohm,
leakage reactance = 0.8 ohm per phase. Find no load voltage.

A 415V, 12 kVA, star connected alternator has reactance due to armature reaction twice that of leakage
reactance when rated current is supplied at 0.8 pf lagging. Armature resistance R = 0.3 ohm, leakage
reactance = 0.8 ohm. Find no load voltage required to produce rated current in the armature when
armature terminals are short circuited.

A 10 MVA, 22kV star connected alternator has armature resistance of 0.5 ohm per phase. The machine is
supplying 90A current at zero power factor leading when the terminal voltage is 25 kV. Under this
condition, when the load is removed, the terminal voltage becomes 22kV. Determine the synchronous
reactance of the machine.

A 4-pole, 400 V, 50 Hz, Y-connected alternator gives the following test results:
Open Circuit Test: Open circuit Voltage = 400 V at field current of 2.3 A
Short Circuit Test: Short Circuit current = 10A at field current of 1.5 A
Find per phase synchronous impedance.

During open circuit test on an alternator, a field current of 16A produces an open circuit voltage of 1800V.
During short circuit test, the same field current drives a current of 320A through the shorted armature
path. Find magnitude of the internal voltage drop within the machine at a load of 200A.

What are the conditions for parallel operation of two alternators. Which conditions are essential for
successful parallel operation.
A salient pole alternator has direct axis reactance of 1 p.u. and quadrature axis reactance of 0.65 p.u. Find
the load angle and induced emf in pu when the machine is operated at full load at a pf of 0.8 pf lagging.

A 100 kVA, 415 V(line),star connected synchronous machine generates rated open circuit voltage of 415V at
a field current of 15A. The short circuit armature current at a field currentof 10 A is equal to the rated
armature current. Find the synchronous reactance of the machine.

A 3-phase star connected alternator is rated at 1.5 MVA, 11 kV. The armature resistance and synchronous
reactance are 1.2 Ohm and 25 Ohm respectively per phase. Calculate the percentage regulation for a load
of 1.437 MVA at (i) 0.8 p.f. lagging and (ii) 0.8 p.f. leading.

Slip test was conducted on a 415 V, 5 kVA, 4 pole,50 Hz, synchronous generator by applying 250 V ac.
Maximum and minimum terminal voltage was 245 V and 235 V respectively and maximum and
minimum current were 3.0 A and 2.65 A respectively. Find the direct axis and quadrature axis
reactance.

A1000kVA, 6.6V, 3 phase star connected cylindrical pole Synchronous generator has a synchronous
reactance of 20 Ohm. Neglecting the armature resistance, find the (a) induced emf at full load, unity power
factor (b) power angle with reference to terminal voltage.

In which Excitation System of Synchronous Machine, no slip ring is used to give power to the DC field coil
on the rotor?

In which Excitation System of Synchronous Generator, the generator itself supply power for the excitation
of DC field?

What are the tests to be cariied out to find out the Synchronous Reactance of an isolated
Synchronous Machine?

While synchronizing an alternator with infinite busbar by Dark lamp method, it was observed that the
lamps become dark and bright one after another. What information do you get from this obervation?

While synchronizing an isolated alternator with the infinite busbar by Bright lamp method, all the three
lamps were found to remain equally bright all the time. What inference do you get from this observation?

What are the functions of a Synchronoscope?

A waterwheel alternator has 20 poles. Calculate the speed for a frequency of 50Hz.

The generated emf in a synchronous generator gets dropped at armature resistance (Ra), leakage
reactance (Xl) and reactance due to armature reaction (Xa). At which element voltage drop will be
largest?
 For Static Excitation system, how the DC supply to the field coil is obtained at the starting when no supply
is available from the generator?

A single phase alternator has a synchronous reactance of 2 ohm and negligible resistance. If it supplies 10 A
to a purely capacitive load at 200 V, find out the generated emf of the alternator.

What will happen if the 3 phase supply given to stator coils of a 3 phase induction motor is not balanced?

Why the no load current of induction motor is more than that of a transformer of similar capacity?

How much is the value of equivalent mechanical load resistance in the rotor equivalent circuit of an
induction motor when it is i) at standstill, ii) running at synchronous speed?

Stator core loss can be called a constant loss in an induction motor but rotor core loss can not-
Explain whether the statement is true or fault.

Why slip ring motors are noisier than squirrel cage induction motor?

What will happen if the shaded pole is left open during starting of shaded pole type single phase motor?

In a shaded pole type single phase motor shading coils are used to ____________.

Which type of single phase induction motor gives high starting torque?

What should be the angle between two stator winding of self starting single phase induction motor?

Explain the operation of capacitor start capacitor run single phase indcution motor with necessary
diagram and phasor. Also, write the advantages of this type of motor over only capacitor start motor.

Explain the phenomena of cogging and crawling in three phase induction motors and suggests
suitable remedial measures.

Draw and explain the nature of variation of stator input current, torque, power factor and efficiency of
an induction motor when the output load is varied from no load to full load

Draw and explain the torque speed curve of an induction motor. Also show how this curve will vary
with varying supply voltage and rotor circuit resistance.

A 25 kW, 500 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole 3 phase induction motor has full load speed of 1440 rpm. Total mechanical
losses are 2 kW. The motor operating at full load power factor of 0.8. Calculate at full load i) slip, ii) rotor
Cu loss, iii) line current, iv) efficiency

What is the amplitude of rotating MMF produced as a result of m-phase currents flowing in
m-phase windings?

If the phase sequence of supply currents are reversed, then the direction of rotation of the resultant
MMF wave will ___________.

If air-gap between stator and rotor is increased, then what change in value of synchronous reactance
will occur in the machine?

Two alternators A and B are having same terminal voltages and are loaded with same capacity load with
same pf. The alternator A has greater SCR than alternator B. Which alternator will draw more current from
DC supply at its field? Explain.

In a synchronous machine, the field winding is kept on the stator and the three phase armature winding
is kept on the rotor. The rotating magnetic field generated in the armature rotates in counterclockwise

direction. In which direction the rotor will rotate physically? The answer has to be justified with
technical analysis.

When armature current of an alternator is in phase with excitation voltage, the effect of armature
reaction MMF is to distort the main field flux without appreciably modifying its strength. Justify with
proper diagram.

"A cylindrical rotor synchronous machine has smaller diameter and large core length, whereas a salient
pole machine has larger diameter and smaller core length." Support this statement with technical reason.

Derive an expression for power developed in a salient pole alternator in terms of load angle and
synchronous impedance.

Can the generated voltage be less than the terminal voltage for an alternator? Justify, with the help of
Phasor diagram.

Analyze the armature reaction of a synchronous machine operating at zero lagging p.f.to assess the
active power generated.

Classify Synchronous machines on the basis of arrangement of field winding and armature winding
and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the one over the other.

A 3300V star connected synchronous motor has synchronous impedance of 04+j5 ohm per phase. For
an excitation voltage of 4000V and motor input power of 1000KW at rated voltage, compute line
current and power factor.

What is Short Circuit Current Ratio of an alternator? What is its signifiance? SCR of an alternator is found to
be high, can you assess the size of the alternator?.

With the help of diagram, explain the DC excitation scheme for an alternator.
A 3 phase, Y-connected round rotor synchronous generator rated at 10KVA, 230V has a synchronous
reactance of 1.2Ω ohm/phase and an armature resistance of 0.5Ω ohm/phase. Find the full load
generated voltage at i) 0.75 p.f (lag) and ii) 0.40 p.f. (lead).

Active power delivered by a cylindrical rotor alternator in terms of single phase equivalent circuit is
given by__________

Reactive power delivered by the cylindrical rotor alternator per phase is given by _________

The emf equation for salient pole alternator is given by __________

What are the benefits of using salient pole type construction in synchronous machines?

Why is the stator core of the alternator laminated?

Why alternator is rated in KVA not in KW?

Define winding factor.

How much is the pole pitch of an AC winding in electrical degree?

For a 18 slots 2 pole, 3 phase AC winding, how much will be coil span for a full pitched winding?

Why synchronous motors are not self-starting?

Why in most of the big AC electrical machines, short-pitching of the coil is done?

“For achieving movement of the rotor of a cylindrical rotor motor, it is necessary that both stator and rotor
be excited”. Justify with proper reasoning whether the statement is true or false.

Explain with proper derivations, why distribution and short-pitching of coils reduces the resultant
EMF induced in a generator.

Why in ac armature winding, the resultant induced emf is less than arithmetic sum of emf induced in
each coil?

There is a 18 slots armature with 2 poles and 3 phase winding. If it is short pitched by one slot, what will
be the Pitch Factor for fundamental frequency?

Find the expression for pitch factor of a short chorded winding.

In a distributed AC winding, what is Phase spread? How the Phase spread affects the Phase voltage?
Design data of a three phase alternator are as follows: number of poles 10, slots per pole per phase
2,conductors per slot 4 (2 layers), coil span150 degree, flux per pole(fundamental) 0.12 Wb. The analysis of
gap flux density shows a 20% third harmonic. All coils in one phase are connected on series. Assess the
phase voltage and line voltage at 50 Hz frequency when the armature is star connected.

“Stator winding and Rotor winding of an Induction motor is similar to primary and secondary of a
transformer. But the stator to rotor turns ratio is not simply the ratio of actual turns as in a transformer.”
Analyze the statement to bring out the actual fact.

The armature of a single phase, 2 pole alternator is completely wound with 120 single turn, double layer
coils distributed uniformly. The induced emf in each turn is 2 V. What is the emf in the whole winding if all
coils are connected in series?

A 3-phase , 8 pole, 750 rpm star connected alternator has 72 slots double layer winding on the armature.
Each slot has 12 conductors and the winding is short pitched by 2 slots. Find the induced emf between the
lines with flux per pole 0.06 Wb.

We know that any paramagnetic material does not have any Hysteresis loss. Then why pole and armature
cores are not made of paramagnetic material (like Aluminum) rather than ferromagnetic material (like
silicon steel)?

There is a 18 slots armature with 2 poles and 3 phase winding. What will be the distribution factor for
the third harmonic?

What is the Phase spread of a two phase AC winding?

In a 24 slots , 4 pole , single layer armature winding, how many coils can be accommodated?

In an AC machine, induced emf per phase is 100 V for fundamental frequency and 30 V for third
harmonic. What will be the resultant emf per phase?

In an AC winding, induced emf in each phase is 100 V when its coil pitch is 180 electrical degree. How
much will be the induced emf in each phase if the coil pitch is reduced to 150 degree?

In a 24 slots , 4 pole , double layer armature winding, how many coils can be accommodated?

How will you differentiate an AC motor from a DC motor from their external appearance?

In order to eliminate fifth harmonic from the induced phase voltage, the AC winding should be short
pitched by how much electrical angle?

Where AC winding is used in squirrel cage Induction machines?

What are the conditions for generation of rotating magnetic field?

Mathematically show how the resultant field of 3 phase supply rotates?

A 415 V, 50 Hz 3 phase induction motor runs at 980 rpm when supplied from a balanced 3 phase supply.

Determine i) No of poles in the motor, ii) percentage slip, iii) speed of rotor with respect to stator, iv) speed
of rotor field with respect to rotor, v) speed of rotor field with respect to stator field, vi) speed of rotor field
with respect to stator, vii) speed of stator field with respect to rotor.

Write the constructional difference between cage rotor and wound rotor induction motor.

Why skewing is done in squirrel cage Induction motor?

What are the materials used to manufacture the brushes for slip rings of an induction motor?

What is Synchronous speed?

Why the induction motor is called asynchronous motor?

What is the normal value of slip of an Induction Motor operating at full load?

Why induction motor draws a large current at the start?

What type of materials are used for slip rings?

What is the purpose of slip rings and brushes?

What should be the estimated value of starting capacitor for fractional horse power motor?

Write the application of shaded pole induction motor.

A three-phase, 50 Hz, 6 pole squirrel cage induction motor runs at 960 rpm on full load. The standstill rotor
resistance and reactance per phase are 0.01 ohm and 0.05 ohm respectively. Express the maximum torque
developed in terms of full load torque. Find the slip at which the maximum torque occurs.

A 75 kW, 440 V, 3-phase, 6-pole, 50 Hz wound rotor induction motor has a full load slip of 0.04 and the slip
at maximum torque of 0.2 when operating at rated voltage and frequency with rotor winding
short-circuited at the slip rings. Assume the stator resistance and rotational losses to be negligible. Find

(a) maximum torque

(b) starting torque

(c) full load copper loss

A 2-pole, 3-phase induction motor delivers 37 hp at the shaft at a speed of 2850 rpm on 500 V, 50 Hz
supply. The mechanical losses are 3.5 hp and the power factor of operation is 0.85. Calculate
(a) slip

(b) rotor copper loss

(c) total power input if the stator losses are 2500 Watts

(d) efficiency

(e) line current

A three-phase induction motor designed for a rated voltage of V1 at 50 Hz is accidentally switched on

directly to a voltage of V2 at 60 Hz. Stator impedance of the motor is negligible. Calculate the ratios of
currents and torques at starting and maximum torques when V2 = V1.

A 415V squirrel cage induction motor delivers 116 Nm of torque when started on full voltage. The voltage
to the motor must be reduced to 320 volts to limit starting current in line with supply authority
requirements. Determine the starting torque at the reduced voltage.

If the load on an induction motor is increased, is the motor required to deliver more or less torque?
Answer with proper justification.

A 4 pole AC generator has 3 phase double layer winding distributed among120 slots on the armature. The
coils are short pitched in such a way that if one coil sidelies in slot number 1, the other side of same coil lies
in slot number 27. Calculate effective number of turns per phase of the armature..

The armature of a 20 pole, 50 Hz AC generator has 180 stator slot with single layer winding. All coils in a
phase are in series. Flux per pole is 0.02 Wb. Compare the induced phase voltage when the coils are
connected in single phase to that connected in three phase by finding out the ratio between the voltages..

If you want to reduce the third harmonic voltage to 10% of fundamental, how much will be the chording
of the coil?

What should be the flux distribution of an AC Electrical machines?

In total installed capacity of generation of electricity in India , how much percentage is from
Renewable energy source?

Indicate two reasons why, for cooling of high capacity synchronous generator, hydrogen is preferred than
air ?

In which methods of generation of electricity, synchronous generators are used?

What is the speed of a Turbo generator?

What is the speed of Hydro generator?

What are the different categories of rotor of synchronous machines?

If a synchronous generator is rotated at 1000 rpm producing emf at 50 Hz, how many number of poles
are there in the machine?

If a synchronous generator having 4 poles, is rotated at 1500 rpm, what will be the frequency of generation?

How much percentage of rated current generally flows through the DC coil of the field of
synchronous machine?

How much percentage of rated current generally flows through the armature winding of
synchronous machine?

If all dimensions of an electrical machine is doubled, how much increase in capacity will be there?

What is the material of construction of rotor in a synchronous machine?

Which material is used as a conductor DC field a synchronous machine?

What type of coils is used in the field of a synchronous machine – distributed or concentric?

Why a fan is mounted on the shaft of the rotor of a synchronous machine?

Why an exciter is mounted on the shaft of the rotor of a synchronous machine?

How much chording is generally done in the armature winding of a synchronous machine?

What is the cooling medium for a large synchronous machine?

Why in case turbo generator rotating at high speed, diameter of the rotor is never more than 1.1 meter?

Why a stationary field synchronous machine is not manufactured above 5 kVA?

Why Hydrogen is preferred than air as cooling medium for cooling large capacity synchronous machine?

Why high speed synchronous machine is having very long length but shorter diameter?

Why low speed synchronous machine is having large diameter but shorter length?

Deduce the expression relating the frequency, number of poles and speed of an alternator?

Synchronous generator can have stationary armature or rotating armature. For a 100 MVA
synchronous generator, technically evaluate which type of armature will be preferable?
The phase emf of a 3-phase, 50 Hz alternator consists of a fundamental frequency, a 20% third harmonic and
a 10% fifth harmonic. The maximum amplitude of fundamental emf is 1000 V. (a) Calculate the rms line
voltage when the alternator is (i) star and (ii) delta connected. (b) If the reactance per phase at 50 Hz is 12
Ohm, calculate the circulating current when the machine is delta connected.

A industrial plant takes a load of 5 MW at a p.f. of 0.8 lagging from the power supply. It has been decided to
replace on 500 kW induction motor by a synchronous motor of same rating to improve the p.f. Both
induction and synchronous motor have efficiency of 90%. The induction motor operates at 0.9 p.f. lagging
but the synchronous motor is designed to operate at 0.8 p.f. leading. Find the new p.f. of the plant and the
percentage reduction in line current.

A industrial plant takes a load of 5 MW at a p.f. of 0.8 lagging from the power supply. It has been decided to
replace one 500 kW induction motor by a synchronous motor of same rating to improve the p.f. Both
induction and synchronous motor have efficiency of 90%. The induction motor operates at 0.9 p.f. lagging
but

the synchronous motor is designed to operate at 0.8 p.f. leading. Find the new p.f. of the plant and
the percentage reduction in line current.

A factory has a total load of 2000 kW at 0.8 p.f. lagging. It is planned to improve the p.f. to 0.96 lagging
with the installation of a synchronous condenser. Calculate (a) kVA rating of synchronous condenser and
(b) the new kVA of the factory.

The efficiency of an alternator is higher when it delivers power to a constant kVA load at 0.8 p.f. lead than
at 0.8 p.f. lag. Explain

In a salient pole synchronous motor, at which load angle in electrical degrees, the developed
reluctance torque attains the maximum value?

A synchronous generator is running with a leading p.f. What wii be its no-load voltage in comparison with
its full load terminal voltage?

In a synchronous machine, how the hunting is predominantly damped?

A three-phase, salient pole synchronous motor is connected to an infinite bus. It is operated at no load with
a normal excitation. The field excitation of the motor is first reduced to zero and then increased in reverse
direction gradually. How will the armature current varies?

A three phase synchronous motor connected to ac mains is running at full load and unity power factor. If
its shaft load is reduced by half, with field current held constant, what will be its new power factor?

The DC resistance of a Y-connected alternator measured across its terminal is 0.5 Ohm. What will be
its resistance per phase?
The DC resistance of a Delta-connected alternator measured across its terminal is 1 Ohm. What will be
its resistance per phase?

A synchronous impedance test is to be carried out on a 3-phase Y-connected alternator. Under short circuit ,
the line current is 18.67 A. The line voltage on open circuit test for the same excitation is 240.3 V. What will
be the value of its Synchronous impedance?

A 4-pole, 75 kW, Y-connected, 50 Hz, 440 V synchronous motor operates at rated condition with 0.8 p.f.
leading. The motor efficiency excluding field and stator losses is 95% and Synchronous reactance is 2.5
Ohm. What is the mechanical power developed?

A synchronous motor fails to start. What could be the possible reasons required to be checked to start
the motor?

Discuss the working principle of an induction generator. Also mention how the field system works in
Induction generator?

What are the advantages of induction generator over synchronous generator?

Discuss the modifications necessary to operate a DC series motor satisfactorily on single-phase ac supply.

Discuss the differences between capacitor start, capacitor start capacitor run and permanent split
capacitor motor.

Explain the principle of linear induction motor. What is equivalent to synchronous speed of a linear
induction motor? Mention some of its applications.

Describe the constructional feature and principle of operation of a linear induction motor, draw
its characteristics.

Describe the operation of a variable reluctance type stepper motor. What is micro stepping?

What are the conditions for parallel operation of two alternators. Which conditions are essential for
successful parallel operation?

A 10 MVA, 22kV star connected alternator has armature resistance of 0.5 ohm per phase. The machine is
supplying 90A current at zero power factor leading when the terminal voltage is 25 kV. Under this
condition, when the load is removed, the terminal voltage becomes 22kV. Determine the synchronous
reactance of the machine

Two single phase alternators are working in parallel having emf 230V and 230 V in phase with each
other. Both are having synchronous impedance 0.5+j2.5 Ohm with load impedance 7.5+j10 Ohm. Find
out the terminal voltage and power output of each machine.